中学物理概念教学的现状分析及对策

运用新课程理念和现代教学论对传统概念教学的现状进行分析得出其成功和不足之处,提出在概念教学中要由"重知识"向"重过程"转变,注重生成性教学等建议.     

重力的新定义:动量流的视觉

当前流行着各种各样重力的定义.这些定义在重力和相关概念(如失重)的教学中会出现混乱.运用动量流的概念,笔者找到了一种新的重力的定义.它可以避免这种混乱.     

狭义相对论中事件概念的教学

论述了事件概念的含义及准确理解事件在洛伦兹变换和相对论时空理论（运动时钟延缓、运动尺寸缩短等）教学中的作用．     

运用物理实验转变学生有关摩擦力的错误前概念

针对物理教学中学生错误前概念难以转变的问题, 以摩擦力当中学生普遍存在的一些错误前概念为 例, 提出了运用物理实验转变学生有关摩擦力的错误前概念具体实施方案. 帮助学生纠正错误前概念, 建构科学概 念     

“示范——模仿——迁移”——谈初中物理说理题教学

一、问题的提出 习题教学是中学物理教学的整体组成部分,它同概念教学、规律教学和实验教学一起,构成了中学物理教学的四大支柱,现行初中物理教材中,说理题在习题中占有较大的比例.学生通过对说理题的作答,即可加深对物理概念和物理规律的理解,又可训练他们运用自己的语言,准确表述自己的思维、养成逻辑地阐明某一问题本领.     

新课程理念下的初中物理习题课教学实践研究

1引言很多教师非常重视实验在新授课中的运用,但容易忽略实验在物理习题课教学中的重要作用.物理习题教学是物理教学的一个重要组成部分,是帮助学生进一步理解、巩固和内化物理概念和规律的重要途径.而物理概念和规律都是以实验为基础建立起来的,因此,物理实验在物理习题课教学中的作用也不可低估.2现状分析初中生的特点是以形象思维为主,抽象逻辑思维正处于形成发展阶段.而物理实验就是以形象思     

规则模型在大学物理教学中的运用研究

在大学物理的教学中, 很多物理概念通过简化的模型加以运用. 为了更好地适应现在大学物理内容 多、 学时少的特点, 我们通过不断地改革和创新, 强调规则模型运用的重要性, 通过结合微元概念形成一套有效的 教学方法. 对该方法通过列举和分析, 并用 Ma p l e软件再现物理内容的推导演绎过程     

浅议初中物理解题能力的培养

人们普片认为物理概念的理解程度,最能反应一个学生的智力高低,在教学实践中我们似乎也有这样的感觉,因为物理概念与公式是科学家在反复实验中诞生的,对于刚接触物理知识的初中生只有反复运用才能初步理解,因此,加强学生解题能力的训练,是运用知识解决问题的需要,是理解概念培养发展智力的需要,也是提高学生实践能力与创新能力的需要.     

规则模型在大学物理教学中的运用研究

在大学物理的教学中, 很多物理概念通过简化的模型加以运用. 为了更好地适应现在大学物理内容 多、 学时少的特点, 我们通过不断地改革和创新, 强调规则模型运用的重要性, 通过结合微元概念形成一套有效的 教学方法. 对该方法通过列举和分析, 并用 Ma p l e软件再现物理内容的推导演绎过程     

引入形成巩固深化——浅谈物理概念的层次教学法

教学实践告诉我们,物理概念清晰、准确、有层次,是理解和掌握基础知识的保证,也是运用知识解决问题的前提,更有助于促进解题能力的提高和思维能力的发展.一般来说,我们习惯把概念的掌握过程分为引入、形成、巩固和深化4个层次,每个层次的特点要求及各层次与教学阶段的对应关系可用图1简要说明.     

Excel环境下方波信号源RLC串联电路的模拟

当RLC串联电路外接方波信号源时,采用分段模拟的思想分析其数学关系和程序流程,并在Excel中模拟实现。与Multisim、EWB的模拟结果在初始阶段有些出入,初步探究了其原因,并指出了完善模拟的方向。     

The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen and the proton radius puzzle

The recent measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen resulted in a tenfold improved value of the rms charge radius of the proton. The value is, however, 7 standard deviations discrepant from the world average of this quantitiy which is obtained from elastic electron-proton scattering and precision spectroscopy of hydrogen and deuterium. New input from both theory and experiment is needed to resolve this so-called “proton radius puzzle”.     

Circular-polarization-dependent study of the microwave photoconductivity in a two-dimensional electron system

The polarization dependence of the low field microwave photoconductivity and absorption of a two-dimensional electron system has been investigated in a quasioptical setup in which linear and any circular polarization can be produced in situ. The microwave induced resistance oscillations and the zero resistance regions are notably immune to the sense of circular polarization. This observation is discrepant with a number of proposed theories. Deviations between different polarizations occur only near the cyclotron resonance where an unprecedented large resistance response is observed.     

Circular-polarization-dependent study of the microwave-induced magneto-resistance oscillations in the 2D electron system

We have investigated the influence of the polarization of the incident radiation on the recently discovered microwave-induced resistance oscillations in state-of-the-art highest purity 2D electron systems. A quasi-optical setup allows us to tune in situ between different circular as well as linear polarization states. We find that the microwave-induced zero resistance and the resistance oscillations are notably immune to changes in the polarization. This observation is discrepant with a number of proposed theories. Deviations for different polarizations only occur for a bolometric contribution to the resistance associated with the resonant heating at the cyclotron resonance itself.     

Circular-polarization-dependent study of the microwave-induced magneto-resistance oscillations in the 2D electron system

We have investigated the influence of the polarization of the incident radiation on the recently discovered microwave-induced resistance oscillations in state-of-the-art highest purity 2D electron systems. A quasi-optical setup allows us to tune in situ between different circular as well as linear polarization states. We find that the microwave-induced zero resistance and the resistance oscillations are notably immune to changes in the polarization. This observation is discrepant with a number of proposed theories. Deviations for different polarizations only occur for a bolometric contribution to the resistance associated with the resonant heating at the cyclotron resonance itself.     

Nuclear structure corrections in muonic deuterium

The muonic hydrogen experiment measuring the 2P-2S transition energy [R. Pohl et?al., Nature (London) 466, 213 (2010)] is significantly discrepant with theoretical predictions based on quantum electrodynamics. A possible approach to resolve this conundrum is to compare experimental values with theoretical predictions in another system, muonic deuterium μD. The only correction which might be questioned in μD is that due to the deuteron polarizability. We investigate this effect in detail and observe cancellation with the elastic contribution. The total value obtained for the deuteron structure correction in the 2P-2S transition is 1.680(16)?meV.     

Effect of superstrong magnetic field on electron screening at the crusts of neutron stars

The influences of electron screening (ES) and electron energy correction (EEC) are investigated by superstrong magnetic field (SMF). We also discuss in detail the discrepant factor between our results and those of Fushiki, Gudmundsson and Pethick (FGP) in SMF. The results show that SMF has only a slight effect on ES when B < 109 T on the surfaces of most neutron stars. Whereas for some magnetars, SMF influence ES greatly when B > 109 T . For instance, due to SMF the ES potential may be increased about 23.6% and the EEC may be increased about 4 orders of magnitude at ρ/μe = 1.0 × 106 mol/cm3 and T9 = 1. On the other hand, the discrepant factor shows that our results are in good agreement with FGP’s when B < 109 T . But the difference will be increased with increasing SMF.     

Consonant identification in noise by native and non-native listeners: effects of local context

Speech recognition in noise is harder in second (L2) than first languages (L1). This could be because noise disrupts speech processing more in L2 than L1, or because L1 listeners recover better though disruption is equivalent. Two similar prior studies produced discrepant results: Equivalent noise effects for L1 and L2 (Dutch) listeners, versus larger effects for L2 (Spanish) than L1. To explain this, the latter experiment was presented to listeners from the former population. Larger noise effects on consonant identification emerged for L2 (Dutch) than L1 listeners, suggesting that task factors rather than L2 population differences underlie the results discrepancy.     

When Is the Substitution Structure Not Reliable?

Highly precise rotational constants are often used in the substitution method (through Kraitchman's equations) to calculate atomic coordinates with an allegedly marvelous precision. The accuracy of Kraitchman's equations is investigated and it is found that it deteriorates when the mass of the molecule increases, the smallest coordinates being the least accurate as expected, but also coordinates larger than 0.5 Å might be badly in error. This explains the discrepant results found in the literature for many large molecules. A possible remedy to this problem is to use the mass-dependent methods.     

基于复杂性测度的高温气冷堆模拟机运行模式识别及诊断研究

本文通过对高温气冷堆模拟机在运行过程中的12组状态参数进行分析,研究了反应堆在正常运行状态、 余热排出系统空气侧温度上升和一回路突然泄漏三种条件下系统的复杂度和稳健性等指标的变化. 研究表明,在条件发生改变时,高温气冷堆模拟机系统的复杂度有非常明显的变化,且不同条件下, 对于系统复杂性影响显著的参数也不相同.此外,反应堆模拟机中各系统间耦合计算与相互反馈机理的作用, 在系统的稳健度上也有很明显的体现.这些成果表明,复杂性分析方法在系统状态监测和 危机预警领域可以发挥重要的作用.