氟化物对幼年大鼠骨矿物质和血微量元素的影响及其相关性研究

为探讨氟化钠对幼年大鼠血清4种微量元素和骨矿物质含量的影响,以及大鼠骨矿物质和血清微量元素的相关性,将80只2月龄SPF级SO大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分成8组：对照（幼年CS、成年AS）组和用药组（幼年高氟组CHS、幼年低氟组CLS、成年高氟组AHS、成年低氟组ALS、幼年长期高氟组HS、幼年长期低氟组15）。对照组灌胃生理盐水,用药组分别按相应时间给予不同剂量的NaF灌胃,测定了大鼠尺骨和血清中的Ca、P、Fe、Zn含量。结果表明,（1）血清微量元素：①与cs组相比,CHS组和CLS组的磷（P）分别增加100．0％和193．8％（P〈0．05）。②与AS组相比,HS组的Ca、Zn分别下降了20．5％和40．0％,而P则增加了74．0％（P〈0．05）;Ls组的Zn下降了33．3％（P〈0．05）。与HS组比较,CHS组的Ca增加22．3％。③与LS组比较,CLS组的P和Zn明显增加49．2％和28．5％（P〈0．05）。（2）骨矿物质：①与As组相比,HS组的Ca分别下降了23．9％（P〈0．05）,Zn则增加了36．1％（P〈0．05）。②与HS组相比,CHS组的Ca和Fe分别增加了42．3％和36．05％,Zn下降了38．6％（P〈0．05）。（3）骨矿物质和血清微量元素的相关性：骨Ca和血Ca、骨P和血P、骨Zn和血Zn、骨Fe和血Fe的相关系数分别为0．435、0．347、0．136和0．059（P〉0．05）。提示长期使用氟化钠,可以导致幼年大鼠血中微量元素代谢紊乱,骨矿物含量降低,但未确定大鼠骨矿物含量和血微量元素具有相关性。     

珠海市儿童营养性贫血与血清微量元素变化的分析

为探讨儿童营养性贫血的发病与造血相关微量元素铁、铜、锌、铅的关系 ,测定了 72例轻、中度营养性贫血患儿的血清铁、铜、锌、铅 ,并与 3 2例健康儿童进行比较。结果表明 ,贫血组儿童血清铁、铜、锌含量明显降低 ,但铁、铜有显著性差异 (t =5 0 1 3、 2 2 40 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,锌无显著性差异 (t=1 645 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,血铅含量明显增高 ,差异显著 (t=3 0 93 ,P <0 0 5 )。贫血与血清铁含量呈正相关 ,且有显著意义 (r =0 3 1 6,P <0 0 1 ) ,与血清铜、锌含量呈正相关 ,但无显著意义 (r=0 1 89、 0 0 2 0 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,与血清铅水平呈负相关 ,但无显著意义 (r =-0 0 1 8,P >0 0 5 )。提示在临床营养性贫血的诊治中 ,要注意相关微量元素水平的检查及合理调整     

丙型病毒性肝炎感染者头发中部分微量元素的研究

为探讨丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染者头发部分微量元素含量的变化,用原子吸收分光光度计分别测定了HCV感染者和正常人头发中的微量元素Zn、Fe、Se含量。结果表明,抗-HCV阳性组及HCV患者组发Zn含量低于正常对照组,经统计学检验,具有高度显著性差异(P<0.01);而丙肝患者组的Fe含量显著高于健康对照组。丙肝患者组头发Se含量低于健康对照组,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。提示微量元素Zn、Fe、Se与病毒性肝炎存在密切关系。     

面膜中微量元素的ICP-MS定量方法及其吸收率研究

以5种面膜为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术,通过外标法对面膜中的12种微量元素进行定量分析,建立了敷面膜时间与微量元素含量的关系曲线,探究面部皮肤对微量元素的吸收率。结果表明:5种面膜中均检出的微量元素含量由高到低为Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、Hg,含量为0.027~5.209 mg/kg;人体面部皮肤对Se、Zn和Fe的吸收率较高,对Sn、Al的吸收率较低。该定量方法简单、快速、准确可靠,可为面膜中微量元素的研究及面膜的安全有效使用提供实验依据。     

A new approach for determination of crustal and trace elements in airborne particulate matter

An ICP-OES procedure was developed for fast and accurate determination of various crustal (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si) and trace elements (Ba, Cu, Mn, Na, K, Sr, Ti, Zn) in airborne particulate matter. The method is based on a preliminary treatment of the aerosol samples with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide at elevated temperature leading to a mineralization of the organic sampling substrate, dissolution of soluble material and homogeneous suspension of the remaining non-soluble fraction. After dilution the derived slurry solutions were measured using ICP-OES. The reproducibility of analysis given as the relative standard deviation (% RSD) varied between 3.2 and 6.8% for bulk constituents such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg and Si whereas values ranging from 3.5 to 9.1% were obtained for trace metals present with distinctly lower abundance in PM10 (e.g. Ba, Cu, Mn, Sr, Zn). The limits of detection (LOD) calculated as three times the standard deviation (3σ) of the signal derived from filter blank samples ranged from approximately 1?ng?m^?3 (Sr) to 71?ng?m^?3(Ca). The developed procedure was evaluated by comparing the obtained results with the findings derived for the same set of aerosol samples analyzed using a microwave procedure for sample dissolution with subsequent ICP-OES analysis. Finally the developed procedure was applied for the analysis of crustal and trace elements in PM10 samples collected at an urban site (Getreidemarkt, Vienna) and a rural site (Hartberg, Styria), in Austria. The concentrations of the investigated crustal elements varied between some hundred ng?m^?3 and few µg?m^?3 with highest concentrations for Fe and Si, distinctly reduced concentrations ranging from some ng?m^?3 (Sr) to more than hundred ng?m^?3 (K) were found for trace elements. Observed PM10 concentrations were found to be in accordance to literature findings from urban sites in central Europe.     

Trace analysis of glasses by magnetically enhanced rf GDMS

A radiofrequency (rf) glow discharge ion source coupled to a commercial double-focusing mass spectrometer was used for the direct trace element analysis of glass samples. By utilizing an additional ring-shaped magnet located behind the flat sample in an rf glow discharge ion source compared with a configuration without a magnet, the sputtering and ionization efficiency of glass samples was enhanced and the detection power for trace elements was improved. The detection limits for elements determined by rf glow discharge mass spectrometry at low mass resolution (m/Δm = 300) are 10–100 ng/g. Possible interferences of atomic ions of analyte and molecular ions which limited the determination of some elements (e.g. Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn) could be resolved at the mass resolution of m/Δm = 3000. The detection limits for these elements were found to be about 100 ng/g. Relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) for all elements of interest with respect to Sr (internal standard element) were determined in the range of 0.2–3.     

血清六种微量元素与胃癌的相关性

为研究胃癌患者血清微量元素与胃癌的相关性 ,探讨其在胃癌诊断中的应用 ,取甘肃省武威市 2 0例胃癌患者血清作为胃癌组 (C组 ) ,3 0例当地健康志愿者血清作为对照组 (N组 ) ,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪 (ICP -AES)进行了 6种微量元素的测定 ,并将结果用SPSS软件作统计分析。结果表明 ,胃癌组血清微量元素值高于对照组的元素有Cu、Cu/Zn、Fe (P <0 0 1 ) :低于对照组的元素有Zn、Mn (P <0 0 5 )。经Logistic回归分析 ,进入方程的为Zn元素 (P<0 0 5 )。多种微量元素联合诊断胃癌的准确率为 87% ,误诊率为 8%。提示 ,甘肃省武威市胃癌患者血清中Cu、Cu/Zn、Fe的升高以及Zn、Mn的降低与胃癌的发生具有相关性。其中Zn与胃癌的发生关系最为密切 ,且Zn降低可能为胃癌发生的癌前因素。测定血清微量元素值可以作为早期诊断胃癌的一种工具。     

Trace and major elements in serum of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia

Summary Major and trace elements were determined in serum of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) using total reflection X-ray fluorescence induced by synchrotron radiation (SRTXRF). CML affects 1 to 2 people per 100,000 and accounts for 7-20% cases of leukemia. It was possible to determine the concentrations of the following elements: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Rb. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) it was observed that the contents of the P, S, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and Rb elements differed significantly at a = 0.05 between groups of healthy subjects and CML patients and also genders (males and females).     

Trace enrichment with activated carbon and determination of trace metals in high-purity zinc and zinc(II) nitrate

A method is described for the enrichment and determination of trace metals such as Ag, Bi, Cu, Co, Cd, In, Pb, Ni, Tl, Fe and Hg, present as impurities in high-purity zinc and zinc(II) nitrate. When the sample solution, after addition of potassium ethyl xanthate, is filtered through a small filter paper coated with 50 mg of activated carbon, the trace elements are quantitatively adsorbed on the carbon. The trace elements (with the exception of Hg) are dissolved off with nitric acid and determined by atomic-absorption or emission spectrometry. Mercury is evaporated at 650 degrees and determined by flameless atomic-absorption. In 10 g of Zn oe 50 g of Zn(NO(3))(2).6H(2)O the limit of detection is 0.1-60 ppM and the coefficient of variation was 2.7-20%.     

甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清铜、锌、铁、钙、镁的研究

为研究甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清中 5种微量元素的变化及其与甲状腺功能激素间的关系 ,用分光光度分析和放射免疫分析分别检测了 1 2 2例甲状腺疾病患者血清中微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg含量和血清中甲状腺激素 (T3、T4 )水平。结果表明 ,甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清中Cu、Ca元素水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,Zn元素水平明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,Fe、Mg元素两组比较无统计学意义 ;血清Cu与T3、T4 浓度呈现一定程度的正相关 ,提示微量元素在甲状腺激素的合成、代谢和生物作用中可能有重要意义 ,甲状腺功能亢进症患者过多释放甲状腺素导致血清中元素的异常变化 ,此变化既能反映病人机体代谢紊乱程度 ,同时也可作为病情控制的参考指标。     

示波极谱法快速测定高纯阴极铜中的痕量碲

本文提出了一个快速测定高纯阴极铜中痕量碲的新方法，采用铁氰化钾－亚铁氰化钾沉淀分离铜基体使微量碲分离，并用催化示波极谱测定之，效果良好。     

乙型肝炎患者头发中微量元素含量研究

通过检测37例乙型肝炎患者与45名正常对照组头发中的锌、铁、铜3种微量元素的含量,观察了乙型肝炎患者体内微量元素的变化情况。结果表明,乙型肝炎患者Zn含量显著低于正常对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05);Fe含量与正常对照组比较显著升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);Cu含量与正常对照组比较,无明显差异(P>0.05)。微量元素与乙型肝炎存在着密切的联系。     

微量元素与小儿支气管肺炎关系的探讨

为研究微量元素与小儿支气管肺炎的关系,对32例支气管肺炎患儿及20例健康儿童进行了全血微量元素检测分析.结果表明,支气管肺炎患儿的全血锌、铁含量明显低于健康儿童（P＜0.01）.提示支气管肺炎患儿部分微量元素含量存在异常,建议支气管肺炎患儿常规检查微量元素.     

8味补阴药补阳药中微量元素Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu的测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对补阴药石斛、玉竹、北沙参、女贞子和补阳药肉苁蓉、杜仲、菟丝子、补骨脂8味中药进行Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu含量测定。结果表明,以平均值而论Mg、Cu含量补阴药与补阳药相当,Fe、Ca含量补阴药低于补阳药,Zn、Mn含量补阴药高于补阳药。以每味中药而论,补阳药菟丝子Fe含量最高,是其他几味中药的近10倍,补阴药石斛Zn、Mn含量最高,是其他几味中药的3~10倍。补阴药、补阳药药效是相对的,但本实验测定各微量元素含量并没有呈现相对性,因此,补阴药、补阳药的药效与Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu微量元素的相关性有待于进一步研究。     

Determination of trace levels of iron in a seawater sample using isotope dilution/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

An analytical method for trace levels of iron in a seawater sample using isotope dilution ICP-MS was developed. Preconcentration of iron and the removal of major elements in seawater such as alkali and alkaline-earth elements can be carried out quickly using a chelating resin disk by adjusting the sample pH to 3. The collision cell option of the ICP-MS instrument method was used to improve the performance of the instrument for iron measurements since ArO and ArN interferences could be reduced using this analytical method. About 4 ml min(-1) helium, as the collision gas, were introduced into the cell. 40Ar14N and 40Ar16O which interfere with 54Fe and 56Fe in water had their amounts decreased by 5 orders of magnitude. Then, the isotope dilution method was used for iron determination below ng g(-1) level of trace iron in four environmental reference materials (river water standard sample JAC-0031 (Japan Soc. for Analytical Chemistry), estuarine standard sample SLEW-2 (NRC Canada) and seawater standard samples CASS-3 and NASS-5 (NRC Canada)) were measured. Good agreement between analytical results and certified values of reference materials was obtained, which confirmed the effectiveness of this method.     

Simultaneous determination of seven trace impurities (Al, As, Cr, Fe, Ti, V and Zr) in high-purity nickel metal and nickel oxide by coprecipitation and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Nickel is not coprecipitated with lanthanum hydroxide in ammonium hydroxide solution because it forms rapidly soluble nickel ammine complexes. This behaviour is used for the separation of Ni matrix from trace elements. These are simultaneously and quantitatively coprecipitated with lanthanum hydroxide at pH 10.0 and separated from the Ni matrix. Seven trace elements (Al, As, Cr, Fe, Ti, V and Zr) in Ni metal and 3 certified elements (Cr, Fe and Ti) in a standard reference material of nickel oxide have been simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).     

2型糖尿病患者血清微量元素分析

为探讨2型糖尿病与患者血清微量元素的关系,对105例2型糖尿病患者血清Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Ca进行了观察,并与正常对照组做比较,各指标间做相关分析,结果表明,2型糖尿病患者血清Zn、Cr含量明显低于对照组,Cu的含量明显高于对照组,Fe、Mg、Ca的含量两组无差异。提示糖尿病患者体内微量元素的含量与糖尿病具有密切的关系。     

头发中微量元素含量与乙型肝炎关系的研究

通过检测60名乙型肝炎患者与55名正常对照组头发中的Zn、Mn、Cr、Fe、Cu、Se 6种微量元素的含量,观察了头发微量元素的变化情况与乙型肝炎的关系。结果表明,Zn、Mn、Se含量显著低于正常对照组,有显著或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);Fe与正常对照组比较显著升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);Cr、Cu与正常对照组比较,无明显差异(P<0.05)。故微量元素与乙型肝炎存在着密切的联系,对乙肝患者须关注其微量元素含量的变化。     

Polyacrylic acid-modified alumina for solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of trace iron and chromium from plant samples

A new method is presented for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Fe(III) and Cr(III) by using polyacrylic acid-alumina as a sorbent. The separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated, including effect of pH, flow rate, elution conditions, sample volume, and interfering ions. At pH 4, the maximum sorption capacities of Fe3+ and Cr3+ were 8.0 and 13.0 mg/g, respectively, by the column method. The linearity was maintained in the concentration range of 0.175-6.0 x 10(3) ng/mL for iron and 0.175-8.0 x 10(3) ng/mL for chromium in the original solution. The RSD values under optimum conditions were +/- 1.73 and +/- 1.28% for 2.0 microg/mL Fe and Cr, respectively. The preconcentration factor was 400 for both of the elements, and detection limits were 0.025 and 0.023 ng/mL for Fe and Cr in the original solutions. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of Fe and Cr in plant samples.     

川崎病患儿微量元素的变化

为研究微量元素与川崎病的关系,对17例川崎病患儿及17例健康儿童进行了全血5种微量元素检测分析。结果表明,川崎病患儿的全血锌、铁含量明显低于健康儿童(P<0.05)。提示川崎病患儿部分微量元素含量存在异常,建议对川崎病患儿检查微量元素。