水合碳铝酸钙的性质及脱硅反应研究

应用XRD、IR和TG-DTA分析等手段考察了脱硅剂水合碳铝酸钙的性质及其在铝酸钠溶液中的行为。发现水合碳铝酸钙在90℃不含硅的铝酸钠溶液中稳定,加热30min晶型未发生改变。提出了水合碳铝酸钙的合成机理和脱硅机理。认为水合碳铝酸钙是一种高水合、分散度高的含钙化合物,晶面间距大,脱硅反应在水合碳铝酸钙层间进行,因此脱硅反应速度快,脱硅活性高。硅对其晶型的转变起着关键作用。     

Ca-Al水滑石的制备及其在铝酸钠溶液中的脱硅

控制铝酸钠溶液中硅的含量在氧化铝工业中是非常重要的.本文以制碱工业中的副产物氯化钙为原料合成了两种Ca-Al水滑石,Friedel盐和Kuzel盐,并以合成的两种盐为脱硅剂对铝酸钠溶液的脱硅进行了研究.考察了脱硅温度、脱硅时间、苛性比(铝酸钠溶液中Na2O与Al2O3的摩尔数比)、铝酸钠溶液浓度、初始硅量指数(铝酸钠溶液中Al2O3与SiO2的质量比)及Ca-Al水滑石的添加量对脱硅效果的影响,并对Ca-Al水滑石与CaO的脱硅效果进行了比较.实验结果表明用Ca-Al水滑石作为脱硅剂时,可使硅量指数由75提高到600以上.Ca-Al水滑石的脱硅效果优于CaO,而Kuzel盐优于Friedel盐.动力学结果表明Friedel盐脱硅反应对SiO2的浓度是一级反应,表观活化能为17.3kJ/mol.通过XRD对脱硅产物进行了分析,并探讨了Ca-Al水滑石的脱硅机理.     

铝酸钠溶液脱硅的研究进展

对硅在铝酸钠溶液中的存在状态,深度脱硅机理和研究进展,碱法生产氧化铝过程中铝酸钠溶液脱硅的重要性以及铝酸钠溶液脱硅的研究方向进行了综述。     

纳米La203合成过程热力学及试验研究

本文对溶胶-凝胶法合成La2O3合成过程进行研究,计算了La(NO3)3和La(OH)3的热力学数据.在此基础上,对氧化镧的合成过程进行热力学进行了分析,确定了合成工艺条件,并采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了纳米氧化镧粉末.     

中水处理废弃含钙污泥的再利用研究

对首都钢铁厂中水处理废弃的含钙污泥进行了综合利用分析,并作为固硫剂进行了型煤固硫研究.对比研究结果表明,该含钙工业固体废弃物固硫率稳定在70%-75%,将其作为型煤固硫剂是较为合适的综合利用方法,可以就地取材作为二次资源再利用,能达到较理想的环境效益和经济效益.     

CaO含量对高钠煤灰熔融特性的影响

为研究CaO含量对高钠煤灰熔融特性的影响,配制了不同CaO含量的高钠合成灰并对灰熔融温度(AFTs)进行了测试,利用Fact Sage 7.0提供的热力学数据库对灰熔融过程进行了模拟,分析不同CaO含量的高钠合成灰的矿物质变化,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合成灰的矿物质组成及微观形貌进行了研究。结果表明,随着CaO含量的增加,灰熔融温度先降低后提高。添加CaO同时影响含钙矿物质与含钠矿物质的存在形式与相对含量。在1 000℃下,含钙矿物质由钙长石依次转化为钙铁榴石、硅灰石、钙黄长石、硅钙石和原硅酸钙,含钠矿物质由钠长石转化为霞石。二元相图和似三元相图的结果表明,液相线温度随CaO含量的变化趋势与灰熔融温度相同。对本研究中的煤种,当CaO含量高于40%时,可以有效提高灰熔融温度。     

多级孔Beta沸石合成研究进展

沸石分子筛是许多工业过程中不可缺少的催化剂。其中,Beta沸石因其具有三维大微孔结构而成为生产广泛并且具有重要工业意义的沸石材料之一。与传统微孔Beta沸石相比,多级孔Beta沸石具有更小的空间位阻,更高的传质效率等诸多优点,从而能减少其在作为催化剂时积碳的形成,从而延长催化剂的使用寿命,提高催化剂利用效率。本文以Beta沸石为代表,从“自下而上”（直接合成）和“自上而下”（后期修饰）两种策略详细地介绍了多级孔沸石合成的研究进展,对硬模板剂法、软模板剂法、无介孔模板剂法、脱铝法和脱硅法进行了全面的介绍,并简要介绍了多级孔Beta沸石的特点,最后总结了各种合成方法的优点及存在的问题并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

双功能单体法制备磁性葡萄糖分子印迹聚合物及其吸附性能研究

采用表面分子印迹技术,以改性的磁纳米球作为载体,双功能单体分别为刀豆凝集素和3-氨基苯硼酸,交联剂为N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,引发剂为过硫酸铵,采用二次接枝法成功合成了双功能单体的磁性葡萄糖分子印迹聚合物(MMIPs).通过多种表征技术:X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜,红外光谱,振动样品磁强计,热重分析仪对合成的聚合物进行了表征分析.通过吸附动力学、热力学模型对实验数据进行拟合,探究了反应的吸附机理和吸附过程.合成的MMIPs的印迹因子能达到2.93,吸附量为9.112 mg/g.对其类特异性吸附的探索使得合成的聚合物还可应用于富含糖苷类化合物的提取与分离.     

热力学基本原理在Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米磁性材料合成中的应用

探讨了热力学基本原理及判据,以及如何利用吉布斯自由能判断变化的方向和限度;并对Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米磁性材料合成过程中的热力学行为进行了较详细的研究。通过热力学分析,认为可以利用歧化反应及以Fe~(2+)离子作为起始物合成Fe/Fe_3O_4磁性材料。     

二苯甲酰-D-酒石酸分子印迹整体柱的制备及其色谱性能

采用紫外光谱法选择丙烯酰胺为功能单体,以二苯甲酰-D-酒石酸(D-DBTA)为模板分子,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂,甲苯和十二醇为混合致孔剂,用原位分子印迹技术,合成了D-DBTA分子印迹整体聚合物。在优化色谱条件的基础上,25min内基本实现了DBTA消旋体的手性分离,分离度达1.25。对色谱分离过程中的热力学进行分析,在所考察的温度范围内,色谱分离存在两种不同的热力学过程,且两者与范特霍夫方程能够很好地吻合。在这两种热力学过程的转换温度处,分离因子α达最大值。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。