关于拟常曲率流形的子流形的Simons型公式

对于浸入在常曲率流形中的超曲面,K.Nomizu and B.Smyth在[1]中计算其第二基本张量的长度平方的拉氏算子得到一个Simons型公式,运用这个公式,他们研究了在一些附加条件下R~(n 1)或S~(n 1)中超曲面的测定。J.Erbacher[2]和K.Yano and S.Ishihara[3]把[1]的结果推广到浸入在常曲率流形中余维为p(≥1)的子流形上去。本文把[2,3]的Simons型公式推广到拟常曲率流形的情形,用此公式我们求得拟常曲率流形的极小子流形为全测地子流形的一个充分条件,还给出这个公式的其他一些应用。     

r-循环阵的逆阵或广义逆阵

在应用数学和其他学科(如数理统计、固态物理等)中,都将遇到求循环阵的逆阵或广义逆阵的问题.如何求非奇异循环阵的逆阵?文[1]提出了一种算法而无证明,文[2]则给出了这种算法的一个证明,文[3]又提出一种新算法,但上述两种算法的计算量大,实际使用时是很繁的.针对这一情况,文[4]除了对[1]中提出的方法重新给了一个初等证明外,还导出了一些特殊循环阵的逆阵公式.关于求奇异循环阵的广义逆阵的问题,则除了[3]中给出了某类特殊的奇异循环阵的 Moor-Penrose 逆阵外,还未见到有文章论述求奇异循环阵的广义逆阵的一般方法.本文给出了 r-循环阵的逆阵或一个反射 g 逆阵的公式和具体算法.特别,这个公式可用来求通常的循环阵及反循环阵的逆阵和 Moor-Penrose 逆阵.文[3]、[4]中的各个公式可用本文的统一方法推广到 r-循环阵的情形.     

黎曼流形的一类变分问题与积分公式

<正> [1]中计算了常曲率空间中超曲面的平均曲率的任意函数的变分.本文把[1]的结果推广到常曲率空间的子流形和任意黎曼流形的超曲面.[1]的方法不能处理这两种情况.然后我们利用变分公式导出欧氏空间子流形的一组很一般的积分公式,包括 Minkowski公式,Gardner's 公式和[2]中诸公式作为特例.本文还讨论了变分问题(?)     

n-三角形网格中凸五边形、凸六边形的计数

1 引言 文献[1]利用数学归纳法给出了n-三角形网格中三边形、四边形的计数公式.本文将通过构造递推关系式给出n-三角形网格中凸五边形、凸六边形的计数公式.为此,先如[1]给出定义.     

Ramanujan公式与Riemann Zeta函数在正奇数点上的值

在Ramanujan的“Notebooks”[1]中,有以下包含Zeta函数在奇数点上的值的两个公式:其中Bi是Bernoulli数,正数α,β满足条件αβ=π~2,Σ′表示当k是奇数2m—1时,最后一项应是(—1)~mπ~(2m)B_(2m)~2/(m！)~2. Hardy[2]证明了公式(A).1972年E.Grosswald[3]证明了公式(B).在此以前,E.Grosswald[4]还给出了ζ(2k+1)的一个表达式. 本文的目的是:(1)用Hardy证明公式(A)的方法证明公式(B);(2)用Siegel证明Dedekind函数方程的方法[5]简便地证明公式(B);(3)由公式(B)导出ζ(2k+1)的表达式,并在此过程中得出一些其他关系式.     

新常数μ,θ和新公式π=(1/2)e~θ的含义与应用

作者在文献[1]和[2]中提出了新常数μ,θ和新公式π=1/2 e~θ.在此说明它的深层含义:新常数μ是隐藏在欧拉常数γ后面的常数;新常数θ是μ和γ的完美组合.新公式给出了π和e之间的实数关系,它不同于欧拉公式e~(πi)=-1的虚数关系.新公式的典型应用是π和e之间的转换,以及μ和γ之间的转换.本文利用μ的计算公式,进行计算机求解,通过新公式,能很快求出欧拉常数γ.本文对概率统计中很多常用公式,用e~(θ/2)号代替(2π)~(1/2),极大简化了这些公式.     

曲边三角形域上具有高代数精确度的边界插值公式

1 曲边三角形上的边界插值公式 P.Barhill,G.Birkhoff,W.J.Gordon,梁学章等在[1]—[6]中已经得到一系列有用的具有一次、二次代数精确度的边界插值公式,但是,上述所有的工作其插值区域均     

巧用拼图游戏验证平方差公式

平方差公式是指两数和与这两数差的积等于这两个数的平方差.公式为a2-b2=(a-b)(a+b).利用拼图游戏来验证平方差公式增强了学习的趣味性,也给了公式的几何直观解释.文[1-2]给出四种构造方法,本文将再给出三种不同的构造方法,并结合文[1-2]中的两种     

复函数的微分中值公式

<正> 实分析中有一套重要而优美的微分中值公式,我们希望复分析中也有相应的结果.本文在[1]的基础上得到关于复分析的一个概括性的微分中值公式,由它可导出与实分析中值公式类似的若干复分析微分中值公式.文[1]给出定理1.设函数 f(z)在区域 A 内解析,a 为 A 内任意一点,那么对于点 a 的某邻域     

等变示性式和它的积分公式

在[1]中,我们给出了一个黎曼流形的一般示性式的积分公式.本文我们将推广[1]中的结果,从普通上同调论推广到等变上同调论.     

Riemannian Submersions with Discrete Spectrum

We prove some estimates on the spectrum of the Laplacian of the total space of a Riemannian submersion in terms of the spectrum of the Laplacian of the base and the geometry of the fibers. When the fibers of the submersions are compact and minimal, we prove that the spectrum of the Laplacian of the total space is discrete if and only if the spectrum of the Laplacian of the base is discrete. When the fibers are not minimal, we prove a discreteness criterion for the total space in terms of the relative growth of the mean curvature of the fibers and the mean curvature of the geodesic spheres in the base. We discuss in particular the case of warped products.     

Nonlinear Electromagnetic Delay of Electromagnetic Signals Propagating in the Magnetic Meridian Plane of Pulsars and Magnetars

We analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the magnetic meridian planes of neutron stars with a strong magnetic field in the framework of the parameterized post-Maxwellian electrodynamics of the vacuum. The origin of these electromagnetic waves is the curvature emission of X-rays and gamma rays from high-energy electrons in the vicinity of the magnetic poles of neutron stars. We show that in the case of a slowly varying intensity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the delay of the slow normal mode of electromagnetic waves relative to the fast mode results in a shift of the time dependence of the intensity of the detected radiation with one polarization relative to that of the radiation with the orthogonal polarization. In the case of single X-ray or gamma-ray pulses, the delay effect results in the polarization of the detected pulse varying during the pulse length, the leading edge of all pulses being polarized normally to the magnetic equator plane of the neutron star. We note that the modern level of the experimental technique, in principle, allows observing the manifestations of the delay effect for signals of different polarizations.     

Seepage of a gas condensate mixture when using the geoloosening method

The problem of the seepage of a two-phase multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture for evaluating the efficiency of the use of the geoloosening method in gas condensate deposits is considered. The geoloosening method is a technology for increasing the productivity of wells, developed at the Institute of Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and it ensures an increase in the permeability of the critical zone of a well because of directed relief of the stratum. The initiation of the geoloosening process requires the creation of deep depressions at the well bottom and, as a result, there is an accumulation of retrograde condensate in the neighbourhood of the well, which leads to a decrease in the phase permeability with respect to the gas. It is necessary to take account of the existence of these two processes, which are mutually counter directed from the point of view of the change in permeability, when this method is used for gas condensate deposits. Due to the change in the chemical composition of the mixture in the condensation process and the action of capillary forces, the gas content at each point and each instant is not the equilibrium content and, consequently, cannot be directly determined from the phase diagram of the substance. A differential scheme is used to describe the seepage of the mixture, according to which, unlike an integral scheme, the relation for the transition into the liquid phase is specified for increments and not for the pressure and volume values themselves. Numerical calculations of the steady seepage of a hydrocarbon mixture are carried out for the necessary depression levels for the conditions in the Astrakhan gas condensate deposit and the effectiveness of the use of the geoloosening method there is demonstrated.     

Prediction of the deformation properties of a polymeric composite with a granular-fibrous filler

Conclusion A variant of calculation of the characteristics of the deformation properties of a hybrid composite containing a complex disperse filler in the form of granular particles and short fibers was proposed. The effect of aggregation of the granular filler, the statistical distributions of the fibers by lengths and orientation in the material, and the anisotropy of the fibers are taken into consideration in the calculation. The statistical distribution of the orientation of the fibers is given by a function proportional to the distance from the center to the surface of a triaxial ellipsoid in the corresponding direction. The uniform random distribution of the fibers in bulk and in the plane is a special case of this distribution. The results of the analysis of the effect of the parameters of the statistical distributions of the length and orientation of short fibers on the elasticity characteristics of a composite are reported. The dependence of the creep of the composite on the ratio of the concentration of the components of the complex filler was determined, and the efficiency of partial replacement of a granular filler by a short-fiber filler to inhibit creep of the composite was demonstrated. The possibilities of predicting the long-term creep were experimentally confirmed on the example of LDPE filled with ground limestone and short glass fibers.Presented at the Sixth All-Union Conference on the Mechanics of Polymer and Composite Materials (Riga, November, 1986).Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 5, pp. 898–909, September–October, 1987.     

The topology of the zero-level lines of the components of the acceleration vector in subsonic flows

The steady subsonic flow past bodies of finite dimensions, when the stream is unbounded and uniform at infinity is considered. The structure formed by the stationary points (points where both components of the acceleration vector vanishes), by the zero-level of the components of the acceleration vector emerging from them and the body past which the flow occurs is studied. It is shown that each of the above-mentioned lines must reach the surface of the body past which the flow takes place. This fact, in particular, enables one to estimate the overall number of streamlines with zero curvature emerging from the stationary points in terms of the number of zeros of the curvature of the streamlines on the body around which the flow takes place, including the branch points of a dividing streamline. With a view to refining the above mentioned number of zeros, the known solution for the neighbourhoods of the branch points of a streamline is considered and the singularity of the flow in the neighbourhoods of points of discontinuity of the curvature of the wall around which the flow occurs is investigated. In order to illustrate the above, certain properties of the flow past convex bodies are refined and a fairly broad class of so-called convex-concave bodies with zero angle of tapering of the trailing edge is constructed and considered. It is shown that, for this body, there are not more than four zeros of the curvature of the streamline and, as a consequence, there are no branch points of the isobars and isoclines in the flow field, including at infinity, an infinitely distant point is the sole stationary point and, most important of all, in the case of the flow past the given bodies the values of the circulation and the lifting force cannot vanish. The mathematical apparatus employed is based on the equations of gas dynamics constructed earlier for certain combinations of the components of the acceleration vector.     

An investigation on the influence of slot injection/suction on the spreading of a thin film under gravity on a rotating disk

We investigate the influence of slot injection/suction on the axisymmetric spreading of a thin film under the influence of gravity and rotation. The effects of surface tension are ignored. We allow a very thin film to precede the bulk of the fluid to overcome the singularity which arises as a consequence of applying the no-slip boundary condition. We show how the width of the slot and magnitude of the injection/suction influences the height of ridges and depth of cavities on the profile of the free surface of the thin film. Rotation increases the depth of the cavities and the height of the ridges as compared to the effects of gravity alone. The presence of rotation also results in the formation of a breaking wave.     

The thermodynamically consistent equations of a thermoelastic saturated porous medium

A phenomenological model of a porous medium saturated with fluid is considered with in the framework of the hypothesis of interpenetrating continua. Assuming that there are no phase transitions, that the contribution of pulsations to the stress tensor and kinetic energy is small, and the components of the medium are in thermal equilibrium, mass, momentum and energy equations and a law of conservation of compatibility of the deformations and velocities are formulated. Using a representation of the force of interaction of the components in the form of the sum of equilibrium and dissipative components, a new form of inequality is obtained for the rate of entropy production. A definition of a thermoelastic saturated porous medium is given. The symmetry group of such a medium is considered as a set of two groups, corresponding to the symmetry of the skeleton and the fluid. It is shown that, in the class of thermoelastic porous media with an arbitrary type of symmetry of the skeleton, the saturating fluid can only be an ideal fluid, while the thermodynamic potentials and the porosity, stresses and entropies determined by them do not depend on the temperature gradient and the relative fluid velocity. It is found that the condition of incompressibility of only one of the components of the medium leads to the elimination of the porosity from the governing relations, rather than to kinematic limitations. The limitations imposed on the governing relations by the principle of thermodynamic consistency and the requirement of independence of the choice of the frame of reference are investigated. A form of the governing relations, necessary and sufficient to satisfy these principles, is obtained. It is shown that the Biot equations are one of the forms of thermodynamically consistent governing relations. A thermodynamic validation of the effective-stress tensor is given.     

Identification and orbit determination of a tethered satellite system

Orbital motion of a tethered satellite system, composed of two satellites and an inextensible tether, is considered by using a perturbed two-body model. This approach is adopted so that the determination of the orbit of one of the satellites can be attempted without using observations of the motion of the other satellite in the system. The identification of the tethered condition of the system using observations of only one of the satellites in the tethered satellite system is considered. The characteristics of the `tether perturbed' motion of the observed satellite are investigated. Estimation of the state of the system using near perfect data is also illustrated. Observations of one satellite provide the entire state of the system and a parameter involving the ratio of the masses of satellites and the tether length.