丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛MoBiTeO/SiO2催化剂中Te组分的作用

用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Te含量的MoBiTeO/SiO2催化剂, 并用XRD、Raman、XPS、NH3-TPD、吡啶吸附FT-IR和催化剂性能评价等方法考察了Te组分对催化剂的结构、酸性及其丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛性能的影响. 结果表明, 催化剂中Mo氧化物与Te氧化物之间发生了相互作用, 通过形成Mo—O—Te 桥氧键生成了Te多钼酸盐物种,在一定程度上分散了Mo-O活性中心, 同时TeOx具有脱除丙烯α-H、插氧并将其转化为丙烯醛的功能, 因此, 在MoBiO/SiO2催化剂中添加Te组分使丙烯醛选择性有显著的提高. 但是Te的加入同时也使催化剂中B 酸增强, 这不利于丙烯醛生成. 因此, Te添加量有一最佳范围, nTe/nMo为0.05-0.1 时催化剂具有较好的催化性能.     

Mo-HMS的制备及其催化丙烯液相环氧化反应性能

采用一步水热法合成了Mo-HMS催化剂,并用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、激光拉曼光谱和紫外-可见光谱对催化剂的结构及表面钼物种进行了表征.结果表明,一步水热法可将Mo物种引入HMS载体中,而不破坏分子筛孔道结构,Mo物种在载体表面呈多种分布状态,包括单核的钼物种、聚集状态的多聚钼酸根离子(如Mo7O246)和晶相MoO3.与浸渍法制备的MoO3/HMS及溶胶-凝胶法制备的MoO3/SiO2相比,一步法可以使催化剂中MoO3晶相的含量分别下降39%和61%,在丙烯与异丙苯过氧化氢的环氧化反应中,Mo-HMS表现出最佳的催化性能.这可归结于Mo-HMS中Mo物种较高的分散度.     

丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛MoVTeO/SiO2催化剂结构与性能研究

考察了MoVTeO/SiO₂系列催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能,结合XRD,Raman和TPD等表征结果研究了催化剂结构、表面性质与催化性能之间的关系.结果表明,以Mo为主要活性组分的催化剂(MoV_0.2Te_0.1/SiO₂)具有较好的催化性能.在V,Te组分存在下,Mo物种的分散度和MoO₃的可还原性能提高.以表面钼酸盐和多钼酸盐类形态存在的高分散Mo物种有助于提高催化活性,而催化剂较弱的表面酸性对丙烯醛的生成有利.     

Mo/HZSM-5上甲烷芳构化的诱导期钼物种的部分还原和碳物种的沉积

在无氧条件下,Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表现出良好的催化甲烷芳构化性能.采用脉冲反应,TPSR,TPR,UV Raman,XRD和BET等手段研究了反应的诱导期.BET和XRD结果表明,钼物种较好地分散于分子筛的外表面和孔道内.TPSR和TPR结果表明,在苯产生之前催化剂上至少有两种不同形式的高价钼物种被部分还原.参照MoO3/Al2O3的TPR结果,认为这两种高价钼物种可能是以多聚酸盐和微晶形式存在的MoO3.UV Raman光谱表明,催化剂表面确实存在八面体配位的多聚酸盐铝物种;而XRD没有检测到微晶铝物种的存在.脉冲反应结果表明,预还原可以缩短反应诱导期,而某种类型积碳的存在对缩短反应诱导期更为有利.根据以上结果,认为诱导期是反应活性相逐渐形成的过程,包括高价钼物种的部分还原和碳物种的沉积,而后者可能对反应更为重要.     

MoPO／SiO2催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛

 研究了MoPO／SiO2催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛的催化性能．MoO／SiO2催化剂主要表现出对丙烷氧化脱氢的催化性能，在该催化剂中添加磷后，丙烷转化率和选择氧化产物丙烯醛的选择性明显提高．催化剂的X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、程序升温还原、吡啶吸附红外光谱和程序升温脱附等表征结果表明，MoO／SiO2催化剂主要含有MoO3晶相，添加磷后，形成了表面多钼酸物种，磷以PO4四面体结构存在于表面，可能形成部分Mo—O—P键，从而抑制了MoO3在MoPO／SiO2上的形成，起到分隔活性中心的作用．在MoO／SiO2催化剂中添加磷后，催化剂的B酸和L酸酸性均增强，有利于丙烷在MoPO／SiO2催化剂表面活性的提高．由此可见，催化剂表面结构和酸性的变化可能是导致MoPO／SiO2催化性能提高的原因．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MoO3-CeO2-SiO2氧化脱硫催化剂

采用溶胶.凝胶法制备了MoO3-CeO2-SiO2复合氧化物催化剂,通过X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行了表征.在温和条件(40℃,常压)下,以过氧化羟基异丙苯(CHP)为氧化剂,甲苯为溶剂,二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型硫化物,在固定床流动反应器上考察了该复合氧化物催化剂的氧化脱硫反应性能,并研究了催化剂中Mo/Si和Ce/Si摩尔比对反应活性的影响.结果表明,Mo物种主要以MoO3的形式存在,最佳Mo/Si和Ce/si摩尔比分别为0.1和0.02.适量CeO2的引入可以提高SiO2上MoO3的分散度.不含CeO2的催化剂中钼主要以高价态的钼离子(Mo6+)存在,添加CeO2后,可能有一定量的低价态的钼离子(MO3+)生成,MoO3-CeO2-SiO2催化剂高的氧化脱硫活性可能与Mo5+的存在有关.     

介孔纳米 MoPO-AlPO4 的制备及其对异丁烯选择氧化的催化性能

 分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和等体积浸渍法制备了 MoPO-AlPO4 催化剂, 考察了钼物种存在状态对催化剂晶格氧活性以及异丁烯选择氧化反应性能的影响. N2 吸附-脱附、X 射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜、X 射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、程序升温还原和微反实验结果表明, 与浸渍法制备的催化剂相比, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的 MoPO-AlPO4 催化剂为介孔纳米材料, 其比表面积和孔数量均有较大程度的提高. 在浸渍法制备的催化剂中, 钼物种以四面体 MoO42− 和八表面体 MoO66− 形式存在; 而在溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂中钼物种主要以四面体 MoO42− 的形式存在, 并有部分钼物种嵌入到了 AlPO4 骨架中. 钼物种的种类对异丁烯选择氧化反应的活性和选择性有较大影响, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂由于嵌入 AlPO4 骨架中钼物种的存在, 异丁烯选择氧化反应性能得到较大提高.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备负载磷钼杂多酸铵催化苯硝化反应

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载磷钼杂多酸铵催化剂（AMPA/SiO2）,采用X射线衍射和红外光谱测试技术对催化剂进行了表征,并初步评价了催化剂苯硝化反应催化性能。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的AMPA/SiO2保持了磷钼酸铵（AMPA）杂多酸盐的Keggin结构。AMPA以及AMPA/SiO2催化剂均表现出较强的苯硝化反应催化活性和100 ％的一硝基苯选择性,苯最高转化率为96 ％。反应后负载催化剂活性组分有所损失,但催化剂整体物相和结构没有发生明显变化。     

正丁烷在金属钼酸盐催化剂上的氧化脱氢

 用柠檬酸盐法合成了第一系列过渡金属(Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu和Zn)及Mg的钼酸盐催化剂,研究 了它们对正丁烷氧化脱氢反应的催化作用. 结果表明,这些钼酸盐催化剂的催化性能受阳离子的影响较大. CoMoO4催化剂具有最高的催化活性和较高的选择性,其催化性能与文献报道的对正丁烷氧化脱氢反应催化性能最好的ZrP2O7和Mg3V2O8催化剂大致相当; MgMoO4催化剂虽然选择性较高,但活性较低; Cr2(MoO4)3上基本没有C4烯烃生成; 其它钼酸盐催化剂对正丁烷氧化脱氢反应的催化活性和对烯烃的选择性都较低. XRD,NH3-TPD和H2-TPR的研究结果表明,催化剂为单一的钼酸盐晶相,催化剂的性能由其氧化还原性决定而与其表面酸量没有直接关系. 通过对产物分布的分析,提出了正丁烷在CoMoO4催化剂上的氧化脱氢反应途径. 在558 ℃,正丁烷发生氧化脱氢生成正丁烯和丁二烯以及氧化燃烧生成CO2三个平行竞争反应的竞争分率分别约为75%,10%和15%. 在正丁烷转化率较高的条件下,产物中的CO2主要来自C4烯烃的再氧化反应,而CO则完全来自C4烯烃的再氧化.     

Cu/MoO3-TiO2/SiO2上光催化CO2和C3H8合成异丁烯醛的研究

采用表面改性法和等体积浸渍法制备了金属修饰的负载型复合半导体材料Cu/MoO3-TiO2/SiO2, 用X射线衍射、 比表面积测定、 红外光谱、 拉曼光谱和紫外-可见漫反射等技术对固体材料的结构、 吸光性能和化学吸附性能进行了表征, 研究了该材料对CO2和丙烷合成异丁烯醛的光促表面催化规律. 结果表明, 半导体活性组分MoO3和TiO2在所制备的催化剂Cu/MoO3-TiO2/SiO2表面形成化学键, 并存在多种活性吸附位; 金属Cu的修饰拓展了固体材料对光源的响应范围, 提高了反应体系的吸光能力; 固体材料对CO2和丙烷的有效吸附使其在较低温度下就能促进异丁烯醛的紫外光化学合成, 反应选择性达到85％左右. 根据实验结果对光促CO2和丙烷表面催化合成异丁烯醛的机理进行了讨论.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。