The effect of heating rate on the microstructure and properties of high magnetic permeability MnZn-ferrites

In this paper the effect of the heating rate, during the final firing step, on the microstructure and initial magnetic permeability of high permeability MnZn-ferrites is reported. Increased heating rates result in higher density, coarser microstructure and higher magnetic permeability, independent of the particularly chosen process conditions such as prefiring temperature or compaction pressure. As also found, increased heating rates retard densification and grain growth, thus sintering, during the heating stage. This has the consequence that more powder sintering activity is being preserved within the microstructure of the compact. Subsequently, during the dwell time at the top temperature, densification and grain growth take place at higher rates resulting finally to increased density, coarser microstructure and higher magnetic permeability. The results indicate that shortening of the duration of the firing curves in high permeability MnZn-ferrites, without deteriorating the magnetic properties is possible through the heating rate.     

Low sintering temperature MnZn-ferrites for power applications in the frequency region of 400 kHz

In this paper, the effect of cubic zinc metaborate Zn₄O(BO₂)₆ on the sintering of MnZn-ferrites for medium frequency power applications is investigated. Zinc metaborate is synthesized in the laboratory using zinc oxide and boric acid as metal precursors. As observed, when zinc metaborate is added to the MnZn-ferrites at an optimum amount of 0.02 wt%, it significantly enhances densification and therefore allows, for a given density, reduction of the firing temperature by almost 200 °C. MnZn-ferrites exhibiting power losses of 70 mW/cm³ (measured at a frequency of 400 kHz, magnetic field 50 mT and temperature of 90 °C) are synthesized from conventionally milled powders with average particle diameter 0.6 μm, compacted and fired at 1100 °C. Identical experiments conducted under the same conditions on specimens without zinc metaborate additions revealed power losses greater than 300 mW/cm³, because of insufficient densification.     

一维负磁导率材料中的缺陷效应

理论和实验已经表明，金属开口谐振环（split ring resonators,简称SRR）可以实现材料的有效磁导率μeff在某一频率范围内为负.采用波导法实验研究了不同几何尺寸的六边形SRR在X波段微波作用下的近邻相互作用.实验发现，相同尺寸的六边形SRR周期性排列而成的一维负磁导率材料存在一个谐振频率；当缺陷谐振环引入一维负磁导率材料时，主谐振频率和缺陷环谐振频率同时发生移动；主谐振频率和缺陷环谐振频率的移动量随缺陷与双环谐振频率之差的增加而减小，当缺陷环谐振频率与双环谐振频率接近时，环间的相互作用增强，频率的移动量增大. 关键词： 负磁导率 缺陷效应 开口谐振环     

二维负磁导率材料中的缺陷效应

研究了以金属铜六边形开口谐振环为基元的二维负磁导率材料的缺陷效应.利用电路板刻蚀 技术制备了二维负磁导率材料样品.采用波导法测量了点缺陷和线缺陷对二维负磁导率材料X 波段(8—12GHz)微波透射行为的影响.实验发现，无缺陷的二维负磁导率材料样品存在一个 谐振频率，在稍大于该谐振频率的极窄区域内表现为负磁导率.点缺陷和线缺陷SRR的引入导 致材料主谐振峰的强度下降、谐振频率发生移动，品质因数Q显著下降.缺陷的存在破坏 了材料的周期性结构，从而引起其谐振峰的谐振强度和谐振频率发生变化.缺陷效应的研究 不 关键词： 负磁导率 缺陷效应 开口谐振环     

The effect of dopants on the texture formation in MBE-grown polysilicon films

The texture of polysilicon films as a function of doping impurities and growth temperature was studied.     

Reentrant spin glass behavior and large initial permeability of Co0.5−xMnxZn0.5Fe2O4

A series of polycrystalline ferrites having nominal chemical composition Co_0.50−xMn_xZn_0.5Fe₂O₄ (0<x<0.4) have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique. The XRD analysis confirms single phase cubic spinel structure for all compositions. Lattice constant increases from 0.84195 to 0.84429 nm with the increasing Mn content and obeys Vegard's law. The average grain size increases by increasing both Mn content and sintering temperatures. Room temperature saturation magnetization increases for x=0.1 and decreases for increasing Mn content. The coercivity decreases with increasing Mn content due to the decrease of anisotropy constant. A reentrant spin glass behavior of these samples is observed from the zero field cooled magnetization measurements. The real part of the initial permeability increases by increasing both Mn content and sintering temperatures. This is due to the homogeneous grain growth and densification of the ferrites. The highest initial permeability 137 is observed for x=0.4 sintered at 1573 K on the other hand, the highest relative quality factor (2522) is obtained for the sample Co_0.2Mn_0.3Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ sintered at 1523 K. The Mn substituted Co_0.50−xMn_xZn_0.5Fe₂O₄ ferrites showed improved magnetic properties.     

M6ssbauer studies on the shape effect of Fes4.94Si9.6sA15.38 particles on their microwave permeability4

Ball milling for long time （such as 10, 20, and 30 h） can transform Fe84.94Si9,68A15.38 alloy powders with irregular shapes into flakes. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and M6ssbauer measurements have proven that the unmilled particles and the flakes obtained by milling for 10 h have the same D03-type superlattice structure. The flakes obtained by milling for 20 h and 30 h have the same disorder a-Fe（Si, A1） structure. There are more than 6 absorption peaks in the transmis- sion MSssbauer spectra （TMSs） for the particles with D03-type superlattice structure, which can be fitted with 5 sextets representing 5 different Fe-site environments. However, only 6 TMS absorption peaks have been found for particles with a disorder a-Fe（Si, A1） structure, which can be fitted with the distributions of M6ssbauer parameters （Bhf, isomer shift）. The TMS results show that the flaky particles have a stronger tendency to possess the planar magnetic anisotropy. As the result, the flakes have larger microwave permeability values than particles with irregular shapes. The conversion electron M6ssbauer spectra （CEMSs） also show the significantly different Fe-sites environments between the alloy surface and the inside.     

Effect of sintering temperature on structural and magnetic properties of NiCuZn and MgCuZn ferrites

The low temperature microwave sintered NiCuZn and MgCuZn ferrites with compositions Ni_0.35Cu_0.05Zn_0.60Fe₂O₄ and Mg_0.35Cu_0.05Zn_0.60Fe₂O₄ were synthesized by conventional mixed oxide method. NiCuZn and MgCuZn ferrite samples obtained showed better sintered densities at 950 and 900 °C, respectively. The scanning electron micrographs of both the ferrite samples appear to be very much similar. The magnitude of initial permeability of MgCuZn ferrite samples is found to be obviously higher than those of NiCuZn ferrite samples at all sintering temperatures. This is mainly due to the fact that MgCuZn ferrite has smaller magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant and magnetostrictive constant. NiCuZn ferrites have higher saturation magnetization than MgCuZn ferrites, which is due to the higher magnetic moment of NiCuZn ferrites. Our results indicate that the microwave sintering method seems to be a potential technique in the MLCI technology.     

磁性多孔纳米片微波磁导率的微磁学研究

本文基于微磁学理论模拟了多孔α-Fe纳米片的微波磁性能. 与无纳米孔洞的纳米片对比, 发现由于纳米孔洞的引入导致退磁能发生改变, 破坏了纳米片原有的磁畴分布, 使纳米片内部存在数目更多、体积更小、局域有效场强不同的磁畴, 从而增加了高频磁损耗峰的数目. 由于部分损耗峰的相互交叠, 为在10–30 GHz范围拓宽电磁波吸收的带宽提供了潜在可能性. 模拟结果表明多孔纳米片的磁损耗峰数目、强度、峰宽和频率分布受孔洞排布方式和孔洞数目的影响. 由于纳米孔洞的存在可以降低材料的密度, 模拟结果表明多孔α-Fe纳米片可用于开发吸收频段宽、重量轻的电磁波吸收材料.     

掺杂对硅烯的性能影响

硅烯是单原子层的硅薄膜,具有类石墨烯结构.因此拥有与石墨烯相似的各种奇特的热学、化学、光学和电学性质.近年来,硅烯引起了研究者的广泛关注,作为一种新型的二维狄拉克电子材料,硅烯在理论计算和实验上都取得了不少新的进展.本文主要在前人对硅烯实施边缘钝化、掺杂、外加电场、加应力或者表面官能团修饰和吸附等研究的情况下,结合当前硅烯的研究发展趋势,重点研究了不同掺杂对硅烯性质的影响,并探讨硅烯在未来硅基电子器件的应用前景.     

从电磁感应定律看负磁导率的产生过程

以左手材料中产生负磁导率的开口谐振环结构模型为例,从磁导率的定义出发,借助于电磁感应定律,推导了负磁导率的产生过程.     

Evolution of magnetic permeability and magneto-impedance effect in composite wires with insulator layer

CuBe/Insulator/NiCoP composite wire was prepared by electroless deposition on an insulated CuBe core with a diameter of 90 μm. The conversion relationship between the magneto-impedance and effective magnetic permeability of the composite wire was derived from an energy conversion model. The evolution of the magnetic permeability and the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect were investigated. The results show that a distinct GMI effect can be obtained at relatively low frequency. The largest GMI ratio is 240% at 600 kHz, and the maximal field sensitivity is 34%/Oe.     

On the effective permeability of a heterogeneous porous medium: the role of the geometric mean

This paper uses experimental data derived from surface permeability tests conducted on a bench-scale 508?mm cuboidal sample of Indiana Limestone. These results are used in combination with computational modelling to test the hypothesis that the geometric mean is a good proxy to represent permeability when the spatial distribution of the permeability for the heterogeneous rock, with no evidence of hydraulic anisotropy or fractures, is log-normal. The predictive capabilities of the geometric mean as a measure of the effective permeability are further assessed by examining specific examples where three-dimensional flows are initiated in the heterogeneous domain and where the equivalent homogeneous problem gives rise to purely circular flows that have exact solutions. The approach is also applied to examine a hypothetical hydraulic pulse test that is conducted on a cuboidal region with sealed lateral boundaries, consisting of the experimentally measured heterogeneous distribution of permeability and an equivalent homogeneous region where the permeability corresponds to the geometric mean.     

超声对硫酸钙结晶过程影响的研究

研究了超声对硫酸钙结晶过程的影响。实验表明，与对比样相比，超声可以明显缩短成核时间，改变结晶量，影响结晶在不同方向的成长速度，使结晶的形状比例(长／宽)减小。粒度分布的定量测定和计算显示，超声使硫酸钙结晶粒度分布范围由200μm缩小到100μm，体积平均直径从69．9μm降到26．59μm；硫酸钙的成核速率提高2．74倍，但结晶成长速率减少到对比样的40．9％。两者番加的结果体现为结晶过程总速率的增加。     

Experimental research on fibrin clot permeability with albumin present

Fibrin clots are characterized by low permeability, which affects the spatial aspects of the coagulation process. Between blood plasma albumins noncovalent interactions are possible. The hypothesis that albumin accumulates in clots was examined. It was shown that albumin can not bind with fibrin clots in noticeable quantities, i.e., its presence has no impact on clot permeability neither during formation nor after-wards. During filtration at the free clot boundary a hardening zone resembling compacted clots in its permeability is formed.     

电磁超材料中负磁导率对负介电常数的影响

为深入了解电磁超材料中物质间相互作用关系,理论分析了金属导体线阵列宏结构嵌入单负磁导率媒质中时其等效介电常数的变化特性。数值计算和电磁仿真方法相结合,讨论了单负磁导率媒质和单负介电常数媒质的相互作用关系,提出了减小其相互作用的解决方法。仿真结果显示：将金属线阵列直接嵌入到单负磁导率媒质中时,电磁超材料传输特性在整个频段内为传输禁带;将金属线裹附一层绝缘材料后,传输禁带变为传输通带,这表明金属线阵列和单负磁导率媒质之间必须加入一种绝缘材料才能合成双负的电磁超材料。     

垂直入射条件下厚金属环结构的负磁导率与左手材料行为

用矩形波导法实验研究了微波垂直入射于具有一定厚度的金属铜圆环结构的微波电磁响应行为.结果表明,当金属铜环的厚度增加到一定值时,在中心频率为145GHz处出现透射禁带,并且相位在透射禁带处发生跃变.采用双各向异性媒质理论计算了铜圆环结构的磁导率随频率变化关系,在透射禁带处磁导率为负.对厚金属圆环与金属线一一对应组合的样品,微波沿环面垂直入射时测量到左手透射通带和相位超前,通带带宽达到15GHz,强度为-21dB. 关键词： 负磁导率 垂直入射     

Vascular permeability in cancer and infection as related to macromolecular drug delivery, with emphasis on the EPR effect for tumor-selective drug targeting

Tumor and inflammation have many common features. One hallmark of both is enhanced vascular permeability, which is mediated by various factors including bradykinin, nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite, prostaglandins etc. A unique characteristic of tumors, however, is defective vascular anatomy. The enhanced vascular permeability in tumors is also distinctive in that extravasated macromolecules are not readily cleared. We utilized the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of tumors for tumor selective delivery of macromolecular drugs. Consequently, such drugs, nanoparticles or lipid particles, when injected intravenously, selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and remain there for long periods. The EPR effect of tumor tissue is frequently inhomogeneous and the heterogeneity of the EPR effect may reduce the tumor delivery of macromolecular drugs. Therefore, we developed methods to augment the EPR effect without inducing adverse effects for instance raising the systemic blood pressure by infusing angiotensin II during arterial injection of SMANCS/Lipiodol. This method was validated in clinical setting. Further, benefits of utilization of NO-releasing agent such as nitroglycerin or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were demonstrated. The EPR effect is thus now widely accepted as the most basic mechanism for tumor-selective targeting of macromolecular drugs, or so-called nanomedicine.     

The origin dependence of the material constants: the permittivity and the inverse permeability

New derivations of origin-independent expressions for the electric permittivity are presented, starting either from the response function of the current density that defines the absorption coefficient, or from the off-resonance single-photon scattering amplitude that leads to the Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula. The resulting expression for the permittivity is compared with earlier work on the origin dependence of the material constants. Different origin-independent expressions for the permittivity, the inverse permeability and the magnetisability are calculated and discussed. By considering electromagnetic plane waves in the absence of external sources, the macroscopic Maxwell equations are used to describe the response of matter to external fields. In combination with the constitutive relations, a wave equation expressed in terms of the material constants is derived. It is shown that the different definitions of the material constants lead to the same wave equation. The non-uniqueness of the definitions of the material constants is discussed in this context. Finally, based on the discussions, we propose a possible unique, origin-independent definition of the material constants.     

A new numerical method for the analysis of the permeability anisotropy ratio

By combining the lattice Boltzmann method with the three-dimensional computer-simulated images of porous media,a new numerical experimental methodology is used to determine the permeability anisotropy ratio of porous media.The results compare well with the laboratory experimental data.