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通常情况下,评价光学成像系统像质的几个重要参数,如能量集中度(Strehl比)、分辨率、焦深等,都是以标量衍射理论为基础进行计算和分析的.考虑光波的矢量偏振特性,尤其是在高数值孔径系统中,标量衍射的精度已不能满足精度要求.本文讨论了在采用矢量衍射计算方法基础上,上述成像参数的变化,所讨论系统入瞳面各点为偏振方向一致的线偏光或部分偏光,以便于考察偏振对所述成像参数的影响,通过公式推导和数值计算,得出了由于偏振的影响.系统衍射斑能量极大值变小,像面和偏振平行方向分辨率降低,分辨率出现各向异性,只有系统焦深受偏振影响较小.而这些矢量效应会随着系统数值孔径的提高而愈加明显,因此在分析处理数值孔径较高的光学系统时必须使用矢量衍射方法.最后讨论了轴外点衍射斑的计算. 相似文献
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用矢量衍射方法分析了线偏振光入射到带有三环位相型光瞳滤波器的高数值孔径物镜时,焦点的轴向和横向光强分布.数值模拟结果表明,高数值孔径物镜聚焦时需同时考虑光强的轴向和横向分布.通过加入三环位相光瞳滤波器,在实现横向超分辨的同时实现了光学系统轴向焦深扩展和轴向光强分布平坦化,并且位相调制深度变化时,会出现轴向焦移现象.对三环位相光瞳滤波器结构进行了优化,得出了优化结果.
关键词:
光学超分辨
扩展焦深
位相型光瞳滤波器
矢量衍射方法 相似文献
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干涉测量的方法已被广泛应用于光学系统的波前测试中。但是由于高数值孔径的标准具加工成本高、风险大,使用干涉测量的方法对高数值孔径光学系统进行测试存在困难。运用相位复原技术对高数值以小孔衍射光束作为高精度测试基准波前进行孔径光学系统波前测试,可以解决上述问题。对不同频率波前形成的点扩散函数模拟,分析了实际测试所需的实验条件。由于缺乏高精度的对比实验条件,引入一种新的误差分析方法,搭建检测平台完成对显微镜光学系统的波前测试。通过验证实验,证明了该测试方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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波前编码系统相位板视场效应的消除 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过在光学系统的光阑面上加入一个非球面相位板,使得光学系统的成像对离焦不敏感.但当入射视场角较大时,图像的边缘发生变形且难以恢复.针对此问题,提出了两种解决方案,方案一是把相位板移至光路中光线较为平缓的区域,但不是系统的光阑位置;方案二是保持相位板位置不变,优化整个光学系统,使相位板前的光线能够平缓地入射到相位板.实验中对一个EFL=12.5 mm,F/#=1.3,半视场角为13.5°的波前编码实际系统进行仿真比较,得出方案二可以有效地消除波前编码相位板引入的视场效应. 相似文献
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高斯光束通过含失调窄缝光阑的失调光学系统的传输特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用硬边窄缝光阑的近似展开式和适用于失调光学系统的广义衍射公式,得出了高斯光束经含失调窄缝光阑的失调光学系统传输的近似解析式。模拟结果表明输出光束场分布与光束参量、光阑尺寸、ABCD矩阵元、光阑失调量和光学系统失调量有关。针对给定的光学系统和高斯光束定量分析了各失调量对输出光束场分布的影响,结果表明:光阑横向位移、光学系统横向位移和角位移均引起垂直于z轴截面内明显的光强非轴对称分布。当光阑半宽度为1 mm时,光阑的衍射作用使腰斑半径为0.5 mm的高斯光束产生-1.586π~1.465π范围的相对相移,且光阑横向位移、光学系统横向位移和角位移均引起焦平面前后相对相移的迅速变化。随光阑宽度变小,各失调量对输出光束特性的影响越明显。 相似文献
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提出了一种基于非正交二元相位板的阵列光镊系统,此系统可以实现对非正交排列的多个粒子的稳定捕获。通过对高数值孔径物镜在紧聚焦条件下的傅里叶变换理论和遗传算法来设计二元相位,优化得到具有不同分束比的,具有高衍射效率、高均匀度的归一化相位转折点,进而根据相位转折点设计出具有不同倾斜角度的非正交二元相位板。利用此二元相位板可以获得高数值孔径物镜聚焦下的各种非正交分布的阵列光斑。利用此类非正交阵列光斑,在光镊实验中实现了对二氧化硅微球的稳定捕获。理论模拟与实验结果表明,此方法可以实现对非正交排列的大量粒子的稳定捕获,在纳米粒子阵列的外延生长领域有着良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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In view of second-order coherence theory, the generalized diffractive axicon illuminated by partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beams is analyzed. An analytical equation for focal depth of axicon without aperture illuminated by spatial partially coherent GSM beam is derived. We showed that the off-axis images can be evaluated by using the method of stationary phase at any correlation state, hence we demonstrated that the intensity distribution of diffracted beam is a superposition of Bessel Beams of various orders. We also showed that the diffracted beam is nondiffractive only on the boundaries of the focal depth. 相似文献
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The phase behavior of the three Cartesian components of the electric field in the focal region of a high-numerical aperture focusing system is studied. The Gouy phase anomaly and the occurence of phase singularities are examined in detail. It is found that the three field components exhibit different behaviors. 相似文献
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DiffractivelenswithbinaryphaselevelstogeneratetwofocusesLONGPin;LIUJie;SHIWenmin;HSUDahsiung(DepartmenfofAppliedScienceandTec... 相似文献
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菲涅耳型衍射光学元件的研究 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
本文在衍射理论基础上,深入分析了菲涅耳型衍射光学元件的特性,针对连续及二元浮雕结构,建立了位相深度因子(M),波长匹配系数(α)与衍射效率的关系式,对影响衍射效率的因素进行了讨论.研究了设计与工艺的匹配问题,建立了数值孔径,最小特征尺寸与衍射效率的关系,为不同波段衍射光学元件的应用,及设计和评价衍射光学元件提供了有效的理论方法.本文最后举例分析了用于白光波前传感器中的小数值孔径微透镜列阵的性能,并对衍射效率及传递函数两个综合指标进行了测量. 相似文献
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Wanrong Gao 《Optics Communications》2010,283(23):4572-4581
The effects of position-dependent correlations between the x- and y-components of the partially coherent incident electromagnetic beam on the spectral intensity distribution in the focal plane and along the z-axis of an optical imaging system with a high-numerical aperture are studied. The electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beam is employed as an example to illustrate the analysis. 相似文献
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G. A. Lenkova 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2016,121(2):310-321
Methods for monitoring the optical power of artificial refractive eye lenses (intraocular lenses) based on measuring focal lengths in air and in medium are analyzed. The methods for determining the refraction of diffractive–refractive lenses (in particular, of MIOL-Akkord type), with allowance for the specific features of the diffractive structure, are considered. A computer simulation of the measurement of the focal length of MIOL-Akkord lenses is performed. The effective optical power of the diffractive component of these lenses is shown to depend on the diaphragm diameter. The optimal diaphragm diameter, at which spherical aberrations do not affect the position of foci, is found to be 3 mm. Possible errors in measuring the focal lengths are analyzed, and the necessary corrections that must be introduced into measurement results and calculations of refractions are determined. 相似文献
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The generalized cylindrical vector beam is just a linear combination of radial and azimuthal polarization. For radially polarized light in the focal plane, there are two electric field components, the radial component and z-component whose magnitude increase with the increase of numerical aperture. By contrast, for azimuthally polarized light in the focal plane, there is only one electrical field component in the azimuthal polarization, it is easy to understand the difference between the two polarization effects. In this paper, we demonstrate how this phenomenon can be harnessed to make a properly selected polarization component to achieve high focal depth in high numerical aperture systems. Numerical simulations show that the evolution of the focal shape is very considerable by changing polarization rotation angle of the generalized cylindrical vector beam. And some interesting focal spots and focal split may occur. And if the ratio of radial and azimuthal polarization is set properly by changing the polarization rotation angle, a largest focal depth is achieved. The tunable range of the focal depth is very considerable. The ratio of radial and azimuthal polarization is different in different NA optical system for obtaining the largest focal depth. We will denote a technique of polarization-assisted high focal depth in high numerical aperture systems. 相似文献
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A dual focus property and an extended depth of focus were verified by a new type of diffractive lens displaying on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) devices. This type of lens is useful to read information on multilayer optical discs and tilted discs. The radial undulation of the phase groove on the diffractive lens gave the dual focus nature. The focal extension was performed by combining the dual focus lens with the axilens that was invented for expanding the depth of focus. The number of undulations did not affect the intensity along the optical axis but the central spot of the diffraction pattern. 相似文献