光学材料 光学晶体、液晶

O722 2005053902 Hg1-xCdxTe／Cd1-zZnzTe的X射线反射率及半峰全宽的动 力学研究=X-ray reflectivities and FWHM of Hg1-x CdxTe／Cd1-zZnz Te materials[刊,中]／王庆学(中科院上海 技物所半导体材料与器件研究中心．上海(200083)),杨建 荣…∥光学学报．-2005,25(5)．-712-716 用X射线动力学理论计算了Hg1-xCdxTe／Cd1-zZnzTe 本征反射率曲线,研究了组分、膜厚分别对本征反射率和 半峰全宽的影响。结果表明Hg1-xCdxTe和Cd1-zZnzTe的 本征反射率和半峰全宽与材料组分和厚度有明显的依赖 关系,且该依赖关系取决于X射线在材料中的散射和吸收 的相对强弱。薄膜的厚度也是直接影响本征摇摆曲线峰 形、半峰全宽和反射率的重要因素,当薄膜厚度小于穿透 深度时,表征本征反射率曲线的各个参量均与薄膜厚度有 直接的关系。对于(333)衍射面,碲镉汞材料厚度大于7 μm后,本征反射率和半峰全宽将不再发生明显变化。图6 参13(杨妹清)     

MgxZn1-xO单晶薄膜的结构和光学性质

用等离子辅助分子束外延(P-MBE)的方法,在蓝宝石c平面上外延生长了MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜。在0≤x≤0．2范围内薄膜保持着ZnO的纤锌矿结构不变。X射线双晶衍射谱的结果表明生长的样品是单晶薄膜。据布喇格衍射公式计算得到,随着Mg含量的增加,薄膜的品格常数C由0．5205nm减小到0．5185nm。室温光致发光谱出现很强的紫外近带发射(NBE)峰,没有观察到深能级(DL)发射,且随着Mg的掺入量的增加,紫外发射峰有明显的蓝移。透射光谱的结果表明,合金薄膜的吸收边随着Mg离子的掺入逐渐向高能侧移动,这与室温下光致发光的结果是相吻合的,并计算出随着x值增加,带隙宽度从3．338eV逐渐展宽到3．682eV。通过研究Mg0.12Zn0.88O样品的变温光谱,将紫外发射归结为束缚在施主能级上的束缚激子发射。并详细地研究了在整个温度变化过程中,束缚激子的两个不同的猝灭过程以及谱线的半峰全宽与温度变化的关系。     

Hg1-xCdxTe/Cd1-zZnzTe的X射线反射率及半峰全宽的动力学研究

X射线衍射摇摆曲线的计算机模拟是一种获得材料晶体质量参量的有效方法，其中材料本征摇摆曲线的计算是计算机模拟的基础。用X射线动力学理论计算了Hg1-xCdxTe和Cd1-zZnzTe本征反射率曲线，并研究了组分、膜厚分别对本征反射率和半峰全宽的影响。结果表明Hg1-xCdxTe和Cd1-zZnzTe的本征反射率和半峰全宽与材料组分和厚度有明显的依赖关系，且该依赖关系取决于X射线在材料中的散射和吸收的相对强弱。薄膜的厚度也是直接影响本征摇摆曲线峰形、半峰全宽和反射率的重要因素，当薄膜厚度小于穿透深度时，表征本征反射率曲线的各个参量均与薄膜厚度有直接的关系。对于(333)衍射面，碲镉汞材料厚度大于7μm后，本征反射率和半峰全宽将不再发生明显变化。     

等离子MOCVD系统生长ZnO薄膜掺N2和掺NH3特性比较

利用MOCVD方法生长了高质量的ZnO薄膜材料,分别通过N2和NH3对c面和R面蓝宝石衬底上生长的ZnO薄膜材料进行了掺杂行为研究.掺N2时,X射线衍射半峰全宽仅为0.148°,室温光荧光发光峰位于3.29eV,半峰全宽～100meV,电阻率由0.65 Ω·cm增大到5×l04Ω·cm.掺NH3时,X射线衍射峰半峰全宽0.50°,样品为弱p型,电阻率为102Ω·cm,载流子浓度为1.69×1016 cm-3.同时我们还观察到弱p型材料很容易退化成n型高阻材料.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Zn1-xMgxO薄膜及其发光性质

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在玻璃衬底上制备了Zn1-xMgxO(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7)薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)谱测试结果发现:在0.10.3时出现MgO立方相。薄膜光致发光谱研究表明紫外发光峰随Mg含量的增加向短波方向移动,且随着退火温度的升高发生明显蓝移,禁带宽度增大。但是退火温度为590℃的样品较560℃样品的发光峰出现红移。     

MOCVD外延Hg_(1-x)Cd_xTe/Cd_(1-y)Zn_yTe薄膜的光致发光

利用Raman显微镜系统对两块用MOCVD方法在Cd0 96Zn0 0 4 Te衬底上生长的Hg0 8Cd0 2 Te外延薄膜样品在光谱范围 5 0～ 5 0 0 0cm-1进行了测量 ,在其中的一块样品上首次发现了 1 4 3eV至 1 93eV范围内出现的具有周期结构的光致发光峰 ,该发光峰对应的能带中心位于Hg0 8Cd0 2 Te外延层导带底上方 1 73eV ,在另外一块外延薄膜样品中仅观察到四个Raman散射峰 ,没有周期结构的发光峰。为了分析上述光致发光的起因 ,对两块样品进行了X射线的双晶回摆曲线样品结构分析 ,得出样品在 1 4 3eV至 1 93eV范围的光致发光峰是由于改进MOCVD生长工艺提高了样品的结构质量所致 ,通过分析指出该光致发光峰是来源于Hg0 8Cd0 2 Te外延层中的阴性离子空位的共振能级。     

Fe掺杂ZnO纳米球的光学特性

采用微乳液法制备了Fe掺杂ZnO纳米球材料(Zn1-xFexO,x=0.1),利用XRD和TEM对制备样品的结构、形貌进行了表征。在室温下,测得材料宽化的吸收光谱。用325nm的激光激发,测量了ZnO纳米球的光致发光光谱,低强度激发时观察到半峰全宽较窄、峰值波长为385nm的紫光峰和半峰全宽较宽、峰值波长约625nm的深能级发光峰;两峰的发光强度和峰位随着激发光功率密度的变化而变化,但变化规律不同。所合成材料的吸收和发光性质与Fe掺杂相关。     

MgxZn1-xO薄膜的光致发光性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶旋涂的方法在Si(100)衬底上成功制备了MgxZn1-xO薄膜.通过对样品的X射线衍射花样进行分析,发现制得的样品都有明显的C轴取向.掺入Mg后C轴参数逐渐变小,这表明Mg离子进入了ZnO晶格.随着镁的掺入,其光致发光谱中的紫外发射峰的峰位发生明显蓝移,从3.28eV线性地变化到3.45eV.值得注意的是,掺入镁离子后,薄膜的紫外发光和可见发光的强度都显著高于ZnO.     

MgZnO半导体材料光致发光以及共振拉曼光谱研究

用分子束外延设备在c面蓝宝石衬底上生长得到高质量Mg x Zn1-x O薄膜。X射线衍射显示,当Mg摩尔分数在0~32.7%范围内时,薄膜保持六方结构,(002)衍射峰半高宽为0.08°~0.12°,薄膜结晶质量与现有报道的最高水平相当。随着薄膜中Mg含量的增加,紫外发光峰由378 nm蓝移至303 nm。对Mg0.108Zn0.892O薄膜变温光致发光光谱的研究发现,束缚激子发光随温度变化存在两个不同的猝灭过程。对不同Mg含量薄膜共振拉曼光谱的研究发现,A1(LO)声子模频移与Mg含量在一定范围内呈线性关系,这为确定Mg x Zn1-x O薄膜中的Mg含量提供了一种简单高效的方法。通过拉曼光谱与X射线衍射对比研究发现,拉曼光谱在确定MgZnO材料相变时具有更高的灵敏度。最后,研究了Mg0.057Zn0.943O薄膜的变温共振拉曼光谱,对A1(LO)和A1(2LO)声子模随温度而变化的现象给出了一定的理论解释。     

Fe,Co共掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及发光特性研究

采用溶胶凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备了Fe,Co共掺Zn0.9FexCo0.1-xO(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.07)系列薄膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)和光致发光(PL)谱对薄膜样品的表面形貌、晶体结构、成分和光学性能进行了研究.XRD结果表明所有ZnO薄膜样品都呈六方纤锌矿结构,在样品中没有观察到与Fe和Co相关的团簇,氧化物及其他杂相的衍射峰,表明共掺杂改善了Fe或Co在ZnO的分散性.XPS测试结果揭示样品中Co离子的价态为+2价;Fe离子的价态为+2价和+3价共存,但Fe相对浓度的增大导致Fe3+含量增加.所有样品的室温光致发光谱(PL)均观察到紫外发光峰和蓝光双峰,其中Fe,Co共掺ZnO薄膜的紫外发光峰较本征ZnO出现蓝移,蓝光双峰峰位没有变化,但发光强度有所减弱;而掺杂ZnO薄膜的绿光发光峰几乎消失.最后,结合微结构和成分分析对薄膜样品的发光机理进行了讨论.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.