薄壁曲梁的稳定极限承载力

曲梁极限承载力涉及弯扭强度和稳定两方面的问题．尤其是曲梁进入弹塑性阶段后,截面上弯曲应力和扭转应力将不再保持原有的比例关系,问题变得更为复杂．水平曲梁在弹性和弹塑性阶段工作特性的研究成果为其工程应用提供了理论依据．在总结不同曲梁稳定极限承载力公式的基础上,通过对已有有限元计算结果的非线性回归,得到了工程实用的曲梁极限承载力估算公式．     

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研制和开发了曲梁以及复合曲梁测量应力的创新实验装置, 通过该实验的设计、开发和应用,可以验证它的创新性和综合性,找出曲梁、复合曲梁与直 梁的诸多不同之处. 把该实验用于测试由钢制成的、钢与铜两种材料制成的,具有直角梯形 截面的简支梁在拱顶处受垂直集中力作用时的正应力和切应力,计算结果表明,理论解和实 验值吻合得很好.     

曲梁剪应力和径向应力的积分方程解

直接对曲梁剪应力的积分方程进行求解。得到剪应力和径向应力计算的一般公式．最后给出计算实例．     

曲梁的剪应力

<正> 材料力学中推导了曲梁的正应力公式,对于剪应力,通常不予考虑,或者采用直梁的剪应力公式.文献[1]讨论了曲梁的剪应力,但该书的公式是有缺陷的.本文仍用材料力学方法推导曲梁的剪应力公式,所得结果,形式简单,便于与直梁沟通.最后,对矩形     

浅曲梁大变形分析的杂交应力法

本文基于增量余能原理,导出了用于曲梁几何非线性分析的假定应力杂交模型。根据单元体边界和内部位移的协调内插以及满足单元体内应力平衡的应力分布假定,列出了有限元公式,而最后的矩阵公式中只包含节点未知位移。由此我们建立了二节点、十二个自由度的曲梁单元。由于曲梁几何形状的简单性,我们采用了完全满足应力平衡方程的一致模式。梁单元的有关公式都是在更新的拉格朗日坐标系统(Updated Lagfangjan system)中建立的。最终的数值计算结果表明,用杂交应力模式分析粱结构的大变形是很有效的。     

双轴对称截面薄壁圆弧曲梁的弹性稳定平衡方程

基于薄壁构件分析的基本假定,采用双轴对称截面薄壁圆弧曲梁的精确翘曲位移表达式,导出了曲梁考虑几何非线性情况下的总势能,根据欧拉公式得到了曲梁的稳定平衡方程。推导中采用横截面线性和非线性总应变为零的假定,从而无需考虑横向应力的影响,对应变高阶项采用合理的简化处理,使理论推导过程简单明了。在理论推导的基础上分析了简支拱在均布径向荷载和两端等弯矩荷载作用下的平面内和平面外屈曲问题,并与其他研究者的结果进行了比较,追溯了各理论结果存在差别的根源,论证了本文理论推导过程的合理性。使用通用有限元软件ANSYS进行了模拟,与本文的分析结果一致,证明了所得公式的正确性。通过一些无碍结果的近似使所得公式形式简洁,便于在工程中应用。     

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用有限元法分析了开口薄壁圆弧曲梁的非线性弹性屈曲，并通过对有限元计 算结果的非线性回归分析，给出了开口薄壁曲梁极限承载力的实用估算公式.     

不同心曲梁的正应力计算

同心曲梁(指内外缘具有同一曲率中心的曲梁,图1)受弯曲时,截面上某点的正应力一般按下式计算: 文献[1,4]给出了矩形截面同心曲梁按公式(1),(2)的计算结果与弹性理论解的比较,两者甚为接近。 在工程上,也有很多曲梁,例如大型压力管道分叉处的加固梁等,其内外缘的曲率中     

带集中质量的旋转柔性曲梁动力学特性分析

本文对带集中质量的平面内旋转柔性曲梁动力学特性进行了研究.基于绝对节点坐标法推导出曲梁单元,其中该曲梁单元采用Green-Lagrangian应变,并根据曲梁变形前后的曲率变化和曲率的精确表达式计算了曲梁单元弹性力所作的虚功.通过虚功原理,利用δ函数和中心刚体与悬臂曲梁之间的固支边界条件,建立了带集中质量的旋转柔性曲梁非线性动力学模型.基于该模型,本文仿真计算了悬臂曲梁的纯弯曲问题和带有刚柔耦合效应的旋转柔性曲梁动力学响应问题,以此分别讨论了所提出曲梁单元的收敛性和动力学模型的正确性.进一步应用D’Alembert原理,将旋转曲梁等效为带离心力的无旋转曲梁,通过线性摄动处理得到系统的特征方程,以此分别研究了旋转角速度、初始曲率和集中质量对曲梁动力学特性的影响.最后重点分析了旋转曲梁的频率转向和振型切换问题,并阐述了两者之间的相互关系.研究结果表明:随着旋转角速度的增大,曲梁的频率特性与直梁的频率特性相近,以及曲梁拉伸变形占主导的模态振型会提前.     

考虑自平衡条件T形曲梁的静力学特性分析

为了准确分析T 形曲梁的静力学特性,该文考虑了剪滞翘曲应力自平衡条件、剪力滞后和剪切变形等因素的影响. 同时为了更好地反映T 形曲梁翼板的位移变化,4 个广义位移函数被引入,分析中以能量变分原理为基础建立了T 形曲梁静力学特性的控制微分方程和自然边界条件. 算例中,分析了剪滞翘曲应力自平衡条件、不同载荷形式和曲梁半径R 等因素对T 形曲梁静力学特性的影响,该文解析解与有限元数值解吻合更好,说明了该文方法的有效性.     

Solutions of the integral equations for shearing stresses in two-material curved beams

In the same way as shearing stresses for curved beams made of one material, the problem of evaluating the shearing stresses of composite curved beams is also reduced to one of solving the integral equations. Solving directly two integral equations can derive the formulae of shearing stresses, which satisfy not only the equilibrium equations but also the static boundary conditions on the boundary surfaces of the beams. The present analysis will be used to investigate the shearing stresses of a cantilevered curved beam made of two materials, which is loaded by a concentrated force at its free end. The comparison between the numerical results of shearing stresses obtained using the equations developed in this paper and a three-dimensional finite element analysis shows excellent agreement.     

Explicit solutions for shearing and radial stresses in curved beams

In this paper the formulae for the shearing and radial stresses in curved beams are derived analytically based on the solution for a Volterra integral equation of the second kind. These formulae satisfy both the equilibrium equations and the static boundary conditions on the surfaces of the beams. As some applications, the resulting solutions are used to calculate the shearing and radial stresses in a cantilevered curved beam subjected to a concentrated force at its free end. The numerical results are compared with other existing approximate solutions as well as the corresponding solutions based on the theory of elasticity. The calculations show a better agreement between the present solution and the one based on the theory of elasticity. The resulting formulae can be applied to more general cases of curved beams with arbitrary shapes of cross-sections.     

Interface crack problems for mode Ⅱ of double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials

The fracture problems near the interface crack tip for mode Ⅱ of double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials are studied. The mechanical models of interface crack for mode Ⅱ are given. By translating the governing equations into the generalized bi-harmonic equations,the stress functions containing two stress singularity exponents are derived with the help of a complex function method. Based on the boundary conditions,a system of non-homogeneous linear equations is found. Two real stress singularity exponents are determined be solving this system under appropriate conditions about himaterial engineering parameters. According to the uniqueness theorem of limit,both the formulae of stress intensity factors and theoretical solutions of stress field near the interface crack tip are derived. When the two orthotropic materials are the same,the stress singularity exponents,stress intensity factors and stresses for mode Ⅱ crack of the orthotropic single material are obtained.     

CLOSED-FORM SOLUTIONS FOR ELASTOPLASTIC PURE BENDING OF A CURVED BEAM WITH MATERIAL INHOMOGENEITY

The elastoplastic pure bending problem of a curved beam with material inhomo- geneity is investigated based on Tresca＇s yield criterion and its associated flow rule. Suppose that the material is elastically isotropic, ideally elastic-plastic and its elastic modulus and yield limit vary radially according to exponential functions. Closed-form solutions to the stresses and radial displacement in both purely elastic stress state and partially plastic stress state are presented. Numerical examples reveal the distinct characteristics of elastoplastic bending of a curved beam composed of inhomogeneous materials. Due to the inhomogeneity of materials, the bearing capac- ity of the curved beam can be improved greatly and the initial yield mode can also be dominated. Closed-form solutions presented here can serve as benchmark results for evaluating numerical solutions.     

Interface crack problems for mode II of double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials

The fracture problems near the similar orthotropic composite materials are interface crack tip for mode Ⅱ of double disstudied. The mechanical models of interface crack for mode Ⅱ are given. By translating the governing equations into the generalized hi-harmonic equations, the stress functions containing two stress singularity exponents are derived with the help of a complex function method. Based on the boundary conditions, a system of non-homogeneous linear equations is found. Two real stress singularity exponents are determined be solving this system under appropriate conditions about bimaterial engineering parameters. According to the uniqueness theorem of limit, both the formulae of stress intensity factors and theoretical solutions of stress field near the interface crack tip are derived. When the two orthotropic materials are the same, the stress singularity exponents, stress intensity factors and stresses for mode II crack of the orthotropic single material are obtained.     

Analytical formulation of stresses in curved composite beams

Summary This paper outlines an analytical method for computing normal and shear stresses generated in a curved laminated beam under bending loads. Each cross section is assumed to be symmetrical and loads are applied in the plane of symmetry. We build a statically admissible stress field in order to plot normal and shear stress distributions. Received 5 March 1997; accepted for publication 18 September 1997     

A cracked beam or plate transversely loaded by a stamp

In this paper the problem of an infinite elastic beam or a plate containing a crack is considered. The medium is loaded transversely through a stamp which may be rigid or elastic. The problem is a coupled crack-contact problem which cannot be solved by treating the crack and contact problems separately and by using a superposition technique. First the Green's functions for the general case are obtained. Then the integral equations for a cracked infinite strip loaded by a frictionless stamp are obtained. With the question of fracture in mind, the primary interest in the paper has been in calculating the stress intensity factors. The results are given for a rigid flat stamp with sharp edges and for an elastic curved stamp. The effect of friction at the supports on the stress intensity factors is also studied and a numerical example is given.     

含弧形裂纹复合陶瓷强度的尺度效应

认为含弧形裂纹复合陶瓷由随机方向的三相胞元与有效介质构成,用细观力学的方法研究了复合陶瓷的损伤失效和强度。首先确定三相胞元的外载应变,再依据复合陶瓷在损伤过程中的细观应力场和广义热力学力,计算出三相胞元内基体和颗粒的损伤等效应力,当基体和颗粒的损伤等效应力分别等于两者的极限应力时,得到基体和颗粒的破坏应力。然后,根据混合型应力强度因子计算弧形裂纹扩展时的能量释放率,进而得到界面的破坏应力。最后综合考虑基体、颗粒和和界面损伤影响,获得含弧形裂纹复合陶瓷的宏观强度及其尺度效应。