MNDO study of reaction paths: Hydroboration of methyl cyanide

The hydroboration reaction of methyl cyanide has been investigated by the MNDO method. It has been shown that the reaction requires an activation energy of 25.3 kcal/mol and involves a four-center-like transition state in the rate-determining step. This reaction has been compared with the corresponding reaction of hydrogen cyanide, and the effect of methyl substitution on the reaction has been discussed. The charge-transfer effects accompanying the reaction have also been studied.     

Mechanistic Study on the Ozone‐Mercury Reaction and the Effect of Water and Water Dimer Molecules

The thermodynamics and mechanism of the reaction of elemental mercury with ozone has been studied computationally. The effect of water and water dimer molecules on the reaction has also been investigated. For dry reaction, we obtained two pathways and geometry optimization, atoms in molecules analysis and vibrational frequencies of all component of reaction have been used for confirming of reaction mechanism. Thermodynamic variable of reaction has been calculated. For the reaction in the presence of the water, our studies focus on ozone‐mercury complex reaction with water and water dimer and obtained the mechanism of reactions. Comparison of wet and dry reaction shows the energy profile of reaction decreases with water molecule correspond to experimental prediction. Calculated thermodynamic variable of all reaction shows the Gibbs free energy of reaction decreases with the number of water molecule.     

Kinetic study of Berthelot reaction steps in the absence and presence of coupling reagents

Several reaction steps in the Berthelot reaction for the determination of ammonia have been separately studied. A reaction order of two has been confirmed for the reaction between HOCl and NH(3). The rate constant for this reaction has been determined to be 3.2 x 10(6)l.mole(-1).sec(-1). The first evidence for the formation of benzoquinonechlorimine is presented. Pentacyanoferrate coupling reagents which accelerate the production of indophenol have been found to operate on the reaction between NH(2)Cl and phenol. The rate constant for the final step of the reaction sequence has been determined to be 5.3 x 10(-3)l.mole(-1).sec(-1). A reaction between chlorimine and pentacyanoferrate compounds has been found to be responsible for the formation of a green product in the presence of excess of coupling reagent.     

Synthesis of isoamyl acetate usin NaX and NaY zeolites as catalysts

A liquid phase esterification reaction between glacial acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol has been studied using NaX and NaY zeolites as catalysts. The influence of calcination temperature, the amount of catalysts, reaction temperature, time of esterification and the molar ratio of the reactants has been investigated. Water insoluble products have been isolated from the reaction mixture and analyzed for the ester. Both NaX and NaY are found to be active as catalysts in the reaction. However, their catalytic activity varies with the reaction conditions and their calcination temperature. The reaction has been found to be 100% selective to ester formation. Catalytic activity of the zeolites has been correlated with their surface acidity.     

Theoretical Study of the AICI Disproportionation Reaction Mechanism on the Al(100) Surface

The surface disproportionation reaction mechanism of aluminum subchloride on the aluminum (100) surfaces has been investigated by the plane-wave density functional theory (DFT).Three kinds of possible reaction mechanism of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100)surfaces have been taken into account. The structures of reactants and products have been optimized, transition states have been confirmed and activation energies have been calculated. The adsorption energy of reactants and desorption energy of products have been determined. All of these have been employed to confirm the reaction mechanism and the rate determining step of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces.     

Transformation of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-nitrophenyl)ethene in the Reaction with Nitrite Ion in Polar Aprotic Solvents

The reaction of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-nitrophenyl)ethene with sodium nitrite in polar aprotic solvents has been studied. Products of the reaction have been identified, and effects of different factors, including reactant dissociation and solvation, on the reaction rate constants have been analyzed. Thermodynamic parameters of the reaction have been determined, the multistep process has been simulated by quantum chemical calculations, and a plausible mechanism has been proposed.     

Insights into the reaction mechanism between propadienylidene and ethylene: a DFT study

The reaction mechanism between propadienylidene and ethylene has been systematically investigated employing the B3LYP/6-311++G** and MP2/cc-pVTZ levels of theory to better understand the reactivity of propadienylidene with unsaturated hydrocarbons. Geometry optimization, vibrational analysis, and energy property for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface have been calculated. Two important initial reaction complexes characterized by three- and four-membered ring structures have been located firstly. After that, three different products possessing three-, four-, and five-membered ring characters have been obtained through three reaction pathways. In the first reaction pathway, a three-membered ring alkyne compound has been obtained. As for the second reaction pathway, it is a diffusion-controlled reaction, resulting in the formation of the four-membered ring conjugated diene compound. A five-membered conjugated diene compound has been obtained in the third reaction pathway, which is the most stable product in the available products thermodynamically. On the other hand, the second reaction pathway is the most favorable reaction to proceed kinetically.     

Kinetics of phenol oxidation with ozone in a thin layer on a solid surface

Ozone has been reacted with phenol in thin supported layers, and the dynamics of this reaction has been investigated. The stoichiometry of this reaction coincides with the stoichiometry of the same reaction in solution. Specific reaction rate (β) has been determined for various phenol conversions. The effective rate constant of the reaction, estimated by extrapolating β to zero reaction time, is significantly higher than the rate constant of the reaction in solution. The reaction between ozone and phenol is diffusion-controlled. The reaction products form a barrier layer, which protects the deeper phenol layers against ozone. The barrier layer is as thick as 8–15 phenol monolayers.     

Determination of azo compounds with N-bromosuccinimide in acetic acid medium

The bromination reaction of azo compounds with N-bromosuccinimide in acetic acid medium has been studied. Some reaction products have been isolated and reaction mechanisms suggested. The reaction study has been applied for the determination of 2-10 mg of azo compounds. The maximum deviation of the results from the theoretical value is generally within +/- 1%.     

四氢萘与香豆素反应研究——Ⅱ. 进一步的动力学探讨

本文对四氢萘和香豆素的反应动力学和反应机理作了研究。实验结果表明, 反应遵从二级反应动力学, 通过协同反应机理进行, 反应中间物是二氢萘。本文提出了二步反应机理, 并对该机理作了进一步讨论和研究。     

硼氢化反应机理Ⅳ——甲基腈硼氢化反应的反应途径解析(英文)

利用量子化学从头计算法ＲＨＦ／４－３１Ｇ基组对ＣＨ３ＣＮ＋ＢＨ３反应进行了理论研究．ＩＲＣ分析表明：甲基腈与甲硼烷通过“类四中心”过渡态,直接加成生成产物．计算的活化能是３４６２６８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．计算发现在反应途径中,ＢＨ３分子片随着与ＣＨ３ＣＮ分子片的接近经历一个由电子受体到电子授体的变化,并用前线轨道理论作了解释．     

Mechanistic study of the oxidation of -ascorbic acid by chloranil at the nitrobenzene water interface

The redox reaction between -ascorbic acid in water and chloranil in nitrobenzene has been studied by means of polarography with an ascending water electrode as well as cyclic voltammetry with a stationary interface. Through accurate measurement of the limiting currents, it has been suggested that the redox reaction should be a two-electron reaction rather than a one-electron reaction described previously. A spectrophotometric technique has also been used to observe that the redox reaction proceeds spontaneously under certain conditions even without electrochemical control. Based on these findings, it has been concluded that the present heterogeneous charge transfer reaction is the ion transfer of chloranil semiquinone radical, which is driven by the homogeneous electron transfer between ascorbic acid and chloranil in the aqueous phase.     

1-甲基-3,5-二苯基吡唑啉在氯化铜催化下的氧化脱氢反应(Ⅱ)——计量反应与氧分子的作用阶段

我们在合成1-甲基-3,5-二苯基吡唑(MDPP)的过程中,发现氯化铜、氯化钴等化合物对1-甲基-3,5-二苯基吡唑啉(H₂MDPP)的氧化脱氢反应具有优异的催化性能,对以氯化铜为催化剂的反应机理进行了初步研究,获得了反应过程中形成铜(Ⅱ)H₂MDPP、铜(Ⅱ)MDPP和铜(Ⅱ)H₂MDPP分子氧配合物的证据。另外,在催化氧化反应体系中曾检测到一价铜,这显然是氯化铜的还原产物,故本文对氯化铜与H₂MDPP的计量反应及在催化反应中氧分子参与作用的阶段进行了研究。     

Exact quantum and TST-CEQ study of the collinear reaction O+HCl

Exact quantum calculations of reaction probabilities have been carried out using hyperspherical coordinates for the collinearr reaction O+HCl(v <1) -OH(v'<1)+Cl . A generalized LEPS potential energy surface with a barrier height of 8.12 kcal/mol has been used in the calculations. According to the calculated results we found that (1) the reaction probability oscillates with energy, (2) the reaction probability shows vibrational adiabaticity, although it is poorer than that for symmetric reaction Cl + HC1. The analysis of resonance has also been done. The reaction rate constants and average cross sections have been calculated by TST-CEQ method. The rate constants are in agreement with that by QCT and smaller than the experimental one. Finally, the threshold has been estimated and is in good agreement with that of the literature.     

离子交换树脂催化合成甲基丙烯酸莰醇酯

以大孔强酸性离子交换树脂为催化剂合成甲基丙烯酸莰醇酯。研究了催化剂种类、用量及反应温度诸因素对反应的影响。实验结果表明，D001-cc树脂催化效果较好;树脂用量增加、反应温度提高均可提高反应速度;该树脂可反复使用。还研究了反应动力学，确定其为二级反应，求得其表观活化能为13.81千卡／摩尔。     

硅烯与乙烯环加成反应的理论研究

用从头计算方法研究了单重态硅烯与乙烯的环加成反应，得到了此反应可行的反应机理．并用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应的热力学函数和动力学性质．     

铁(III)催化多卤代变色酸双偶氮胂类试剂的褪色反应特性及其应用

本文研究了铁(III)催化H2O2还原多卤代变色酸双偶氮胂类试剂(PHA)的褪色反应动力学行为, 测定了反应级数和反应活化能, 获得了经验速率方程, 探讨了反应机理, 稳态处理后的动力学方程与经验速率方程相吻合, 说明了机理的合理性。并以三氯偶氮胂为指示反应试剂, 测定了人发中痕量铁的含量, 得到了满意的结果。     

Mechanism of the reaction of CO with NO on palladium catalysts

A mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of CO + NO + (O₂) on palladium catalysts and the elementary stages of the reaction have been subjected to thermodynamic analysis. A kinetic model of the reaction has been constructed. The model of the reaction CO + NO has been analyzed in comparison with the reaction CO + O₂; the existence of a multiplicity of stationary states and critical transitions in the system CO + NO has been demonstrated. Numerical calculation has explained the accelerating influence of oxygen and the inhibiting influence of CO on the rate of the reaction CO + NO, observed experimentally.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 484–489, July–August 1987.     

Über die Reaktion von Alkalihexafluorosilicaten mit Aluminiumoxid

On Reactions of Alkali Hexafluorosilicates with Aluminum Oxides The reaction of Na- and K-hexafluorosilicates and α- or γ-Al₂O₃ has been investigated. Final reaction products are fluoroaluminates and alumosilicates. The reaction mechanism has been discussed. Influence of reaction parameters like time, temperature, layer thickness, and the effect of admixtures (fluorides, SiO₂) have been regarded. Tablet-reactions show the introduction of reaction by Si? F species.     

YDHC-10催化剂用于不饱和植物油脂肪酸氢化工艺条件的研究

采用自制的催化剂YDHC-10对氢化工艺条件进行了研究。找出了植物油脂肪酸氢化时,氢化压力2MPa、氢化温度180-200℃、氢化时间60min以及催化剂浓度对植物油脂肪酸氢化的影响．