基于光梳状波的相干光正交频分复用-无源光网系统的算法

研究了基于光梳状波的正交频分复用-无源光网(OFDM-PON)下行相干检测实验系统的结构和数字信号处理算法,采用多波长的光梳状波发生器作为光线路终端光源,其中一个波长作为传输OFDM信号的信号光,相邻的光波长作为本振光。基于该系统,光网络单元端的相干接收可以实现光相位噪声抵消。由于没有载波偏移和光相位噪声,数字信号处理过程被简化。比较了导频辅助(PA)算法、最大似然(ML)算法和PA+ML算法3种相位估计算法的性能。研究结果表明,PA+ML算法能获得更好的性能,可以将导频子载波的数目减少至2,并且接收机灵敏度可提高至-30dBm。该OFDM-PON系统的硬件和软件设计有望成为下一代光接入网络的解决方案。     

大线宽相干光正交频分复用系统中盲相位噪声补偿

基于大线宽相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统,提出了一种可以有效克服符号判决错误的盲载波间干扰(ICI)相位噪声补偿算法。使用该算法之前,先使用无迭代盲(IFB)算法对公共相位误差(CPE)的相位噪声进行补偿。该算法采用了形式简单的代价函数,可大幅减小计算复杂度。该ICI相位噪声补偿算法包括粗略ICI和精细ICI相位噪声补偿两个阶段,先使用平均能量盲(Avg-BL)算法进行粗略ICI相位噪声补偿,再使用公共相位误差分割补偿(CPEC)算法进行精细ICI相位噪声补偿。该CPEC算法对粗略ICI相位噪声补偿后的频域数据进行判决,再将每个接收到的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)时域符号分割为一定数目的亚符号,从而求出每个亚符号中相位噪声的近似平均值。Avg-BL算法有效解决了CPEC算法中的符号判决错误传播问题;CPEC算法在时域OFDM亚符号分割数目较大的情况下,对ICI相位噪声具有较好的补偿效果。对50Gbit/s CO-OFDM系统在传输距离为100km的情况进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,与Avg-BL算法和CPEC算法等ICI相位噪声算法相比,所提算法具有较好的相位噪声补偿效果,且具有较高的频谱利用率。在该算法中,选择合适的时域OFDM亚符号分割数目,可取得较好的补偿效果,且算法复杂度并未显著增加。     

偏振分集相干光OFDM通信系统中的相位噪声消除

提出了一种基于偏振分集的相干光正交频分复用(OFDM)链路。然而相干检测对相位噪声比较敏感,偏振分集接收过程又会产生额外的乘性相位噪声,因此基于偏振分集相干光OFDM系统,提出了基于数字信号处理的相位噪声消除方案。在100km单模光纤中,以8Gbit/s的传输速率零误码传输16进制正交振幅调制OFDM信号,经相干检测之后,基于数字信号处理,对相干光OFDM信号完成了相位噪声消除,并对相位噪声消除后的信号星座图进行了实验结果分析。另外,还将经过相位噪声消除后的偏振分集相干光OFDM链路与其他相干光OFDM链路方案进行了性能对比,从而验证了此方案的优越性。     

基于时频域卡尔曼滤波的CO-OFDM系统相位噪声补偿算法

针对基于高阶正交幅度调制(QAM)的大线宽相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统,提出了一种基于时域和频域卡尔曼滤波(KF)联合估计的相位噪声补偿算法。所提算法在发射端插入时域训练符号和导频序列,在接收端基于训练符号进行频域卡尔曼滤波后得到信道估计值,进行时域扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)后得到相位噪声粗略估计值。时域相位噪声估计值为复数值,为获得较好的补偿效果,根据导频序列数目将每个OFDM符号分割为若干个亚符号。在导频序列处进行时域EKF,通过在每个亚符号最后一个导频处进行线性插值,得到每个采样点的相位噪声粗略估计值。对粗略相位噪声补偿后的频域数据进行预判决,并对时域相位噪声进行精细补偿。采用所提算法对传输速率为50Gbit·s-1、传输距离为100km的CO-OFDM系统进行了数值模拟,结果表明所提算法与其他方法相比取得了较好的补偿效果。对于激光器线宽为1 MHz(16QAM)和800kHz(32QAM)的CO-OFDM系统,误码率可达前向纠错上限。     

CO-OFDM系统基于时频域卡尔曼滤波的相位噪声补偿算法

本文基于高阶正交幅度调制(QAM)和大线宽的相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统,提出了一种基于时域和频域卡尔曼滤波联合估计的相位噪声补偿算法。该算法在发射端时域插入训练符号和导频序列,首先在接收端基于训练符号进行频域卡尔曼滤波得到信道估计。其次进行时域扩展卡尔曼滤波得到相位噪声粗略估计值。因此时相位估计值为复数值,为获得较好的补偿效果,根据导频序列数目,将每个OFDM符号分割为若干个亚符号。同时在导频序列处进行时域扩展卡尔曼滤波,通过在每个亚符号最后一个导频处进行线性插值得到每个采样点的相位噪声粗略估值。将粗略相位噪声补偿后的频域数据进行预判决后,最后进行时域相位噪声精细补偿。基于50Gb/sCO-OFDM系统传输100km进行了仿真验证,该算法较其他方法相比取得了较好的补偿效果。在激光器线宽为1MHz且16QAM以及线宽为800KHz且32QAM两种情况下,误码率性能可达前向纠错(FEC)上限。该算法能极大促进CO-OFDM系统在长距离接入网和城域网中的应用。     

光相位调制器和光强度调制器产生40GHz光载OFDM毫米波信号的传输性能比较

实验研究了分别采用光相位调制器和光强度调制器产生40GHz光载正交频分复用(OFDM)信号的毫米波光纤无线通信(ROF)系统,并比较了二者的传输性能。在中心站,将20GHz的射频(RF)正弦波信号与2.5Gb/s的OFDM信号混频后驱动相位调制器或强度调制器进行双边带(DSB)调制,产生的光载OFDM信号的毫米波经标准单模光纤(SSMF)传输到基站。在基站,经光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)滤除中心载波后的光调制信号经光电检测器转换成电调制信号,再与射频信号混频,恢复出基带OFDM信号,而分离出来的中心载波信号可以用于实现波长重用。实验验证了OFDM信号峰值-平均(峰均)功率比大小对系统误码率的影响。实验结果显示,在大入纤功率情况下,相位调制和强度调制产生的毫米波光信号经过50kmSSMF传输后,其功率代价分别为小于0.5dB和大于1dB。说明光相位调制器产生光载毫米波加载OFDM信号在光纤中的传输性能优于光强度调制器。     

用于FTN系统的二阶导频辅助载波相位恢复算法

针对超奈奎斯特系统引入的码间干扰使载波相位估计难度增大的问题，提出了一种二阶电域导频辅助载波相位估计方案，将导频辅助相位噪声补偿模块与基于Viterbi的最大似然相位估计模块级联，牺牲约1.7%的带宽开销，可以有效克服超奈奎斯特系统引入的码间干扰，对激光器线宽导致的相位噪声进行准确估计。在调制格式为16进制正交幅度调制的超奈奎斯特系统中，经仿真验证可知：该算法在加速因子不超过Mazo极限时可以有效跟踪相位噪声；在加速因子低至0.833、误码率为2×10^-2、光信噪比代价为1 dB的条件下，该算法能容忍的最大线宽乘积为5×10^-4；相较于一阶导频辅助载波相位恢复算法，该算法具有更大的线宽容忍度，所需的光信噪比也更小。     

CO-FBMC/OQAM系统导频辅助的时域相位噪声补偿

针对相干光偏移正交调幅技术的多载波滤波器组传输(CO-FBMC/OQAM)系统,提出一种基于导频的时域相位噪声补偿算法。建立一个时域相位噪声补偿模型,即相位噪声用时域扩展的离散余弦变换(DCT)近似,相位噪声包括公共相位误差(CPE)和非CPE相位噪声,它们均可通过估计DCT系数来获得。为了计算这些DCT系数,先用基于导频的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)估计CPE,然后将CPE补偿后一部分判决错误概率较高的数据舍弃,仅保留余下的CPE补偿后数据进行预判决用以预估发送端数据,最后在波特率为32 GBaud的背对背CO-FBMC/OQAM系统中对所提算法进行仿真验证。结果表明,对比一种改进的盲相位搜索(M-BPS)算法,所提算法仅有0.5%～2.0%的频谱效率下降。针对64阶QAM、子载波数M=256或512的系统,所提算法的线宽延迟乘积容忍度仍远大于M-BPS算法,但其复杂度仅为M-BPS算法的1/2。     

基于单边带调制单载波频域均衡技术的研究

单载波频域均衡技术在无线通信中是极为成熟且研究广泛的信道均衡及补偿技术,该技术采用高速数字信号处理将电信号从时域变换到频域进行均衡补偿。在光纤通信系统中,提出采用单载波频域均衡技术对接收信号进行电域色散补偿,在10 Gb/s的单边带幅移键控(ASK)调制光信号经过50,80和100 km普通单模光纤传输之后,验证了频域均衡对色散补偿的效果。其中单边带ASK调制光信号基于有限冲击响应希尔伯特变换,利用一个双臂马赫-曾德尔(MZ)调制器级联一个相位调制器来产生。结果证明,频域均衡模型能有效提高眼图开启度和降低时钟抖动,随着传输距离的增加,改善效果更加显著。最后在分析系统均衡和补偿效果参数的基础上,得出了实现最佳频域均衡效果的单边带调制点。     

相干光正交频分复用系统中射频导频和扩展卡尔曼滤波联合的相位噪声补偿算法

针对大线宽和高阶圆形正交幅度调制(C-QAM)的相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统,提出一种基于射频导频(RF-Pilot)和时域扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合的相位噪声补偿算法。该算法通过在接收端预设的RF-Pilot进行时域相位噪声粗补偿,并进行信道估计和均衡。再对信道均衡后的频域数据进行预判决,结合判决后的时域数据和信道均衡后的时域数据,进行扩展卡尔曼滤波,实现相位噪声的最终补偿。基于传输速率为50Gb·s~(-1)和传输距离为100km的CO-OFDM系统在C-16QAM和C-32QAM两种调制格式下进行了算法的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该算法相较于原RF-Pilot算法,具有较好的相位噪声补偿效果,且频谱利用率并未显著降低,算法复杂度并未显著增加。激光器线宽为2.1MHz,且使用C-32QAM时,该相位噪声算法补偿的误码性能可达到前向纠错上限,从理论上证明使用该算法可提高CO-OFDM系统对激光器线宽的容忍度,线宽较宽的廉价分布式反馈激光器可作为CO-OFDM系统的发射端光源和接收端本地振荡。该算法能扩展大线宽CO-OFDM系统在长距离接入网和城域网中的应用。     

Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modulation

We demonstrate a multicarrier QKD protocol for continuous-variables (CV) using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique which was employed in frequency domain. The multicarrier communication formulates sub-channels from OFDM technique and physical quantum channel, each dedicated to the transmission of a subcarrier CV. In the OFDM-CVQKD scenario, the input quantum states of the legal parties are granulated into subcarrier CVs, at the receiver, the subcarriers are decoded by an unitary CV operation, which results in the recovered single-carrier CVs. Compared with the device of the multichannel parallel CVQKD protocol that utilizes N arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWG) in optical domain, this protocol shows better feasibility of implementation from both equipment and technique. We derive the formulas of the secret key rate, moreover, analyze the security in the finite-size through the OFDM-CVQKD scheme. Simulation results indicate that the OFDM-CVQKD scheme leads to improved secret key rates and higher tolerable excess noise in comparison to single-carrier CVQKD. Particularly, the secret key rate of the 64 subcarrier CVQKD has increased by roughly an order of magnitude of the single-channel CVQKD, whereas the tolerable excess noise can be controlled in a small range. The results reveal that the OFDM-CVQKD protocol provides a feasible framework for the experimental implementation of an unconditionally secure communication over standard telecommunication networks.     

基于数字相干叠加的相干光正交频分复用系统中光纤非线性容忍性研究

光正交频分复用系统中的光纤非线性效应制约着系统进一步的扩容. 针对此问题, 提出一种数字相干叠加的方法, 用于提高相干光正交频分复用系统对光纤非线性的容忍性. 仿真中, 5通道的波分复用下偏振复用相干光正交频分复用系统的每个通道传输四进制正交振幅调制映射的71.53 Gbit/s信号在光纤中传输400 km. 首先, 通道间隔为25 GHz, 与传统相干光正交频分复用系统相比, 色散补偿前后, 使用数字相干叠加的相干光正交频分复用系统的信噪比分别提升了6.02 dB和9.05 dB, 最佳入纤光功率均增大了2 dB; 其次, 通道间隔为50 GHz, 色散补偿前后, 信噪比分别提升了4.9 dB和8.75 dB. 通过理论推导及仿真, 验证了所提方法能有效消除相干光正交频分复用系统的一阶非线性失真, 进而提高系统对光纤非线性的容忍性.     

Pilot-based cross-phase modulation compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing long-haul optical communications systems

A pilot-based nonlinearity compensator (PB-NLC) is shown in this Letter to be an effective method for compensating cross-phase modulation (XPM) in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. An unmodulated pilot tone is transmitted at the center of each OFDM channel to detect phase errors caused by the Kerr effect, which converts intensity fluctuations from all channels to phase errors. The pilots are then used to cancel the XPM phase errors for each OFDM channel at the receiver after each channel's self-phase modulation (SPM) has been compensated, using its intensity waveform to determine its SPM. Numerical simulations of a 58 Gb/s single polarization 2375 km system with inline dispersion compensation show that the signal quality, Q, at the optimal launch power is increased by 2.4 dB if SPM compensation is used before the PB-NLC. This contrasts with only a 0.9 dB improvement if the PB-NLC is used without an SPM compensator for the same link. This shows the PB-NLC can effectively mitigate XPM but not SPM.     

Guard-band influence on orthogonal-band-multiplexed coherent optical OFDM

Coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been demonstrated beyond 100 Gb/s using orthogonal band multiplexing (OBM). OBM-OFDM gives a multitude of benefits in implementing high-speed optical OFDM transmission. We investigate the system sensitivity to the guard band of OBM-OFDM. The result suggests that when the guard band equals a multiple of the subcarrier spacing, the Q penalty practically vanishes. We also show that two OFDM bands can be demodulated simultaneously with one fast Fourier transform, owing to interband orthogonality, and its performance is almost the same as one-band detection.     

Signal restoration in intensity-modulated optical OFDM access systems

It is well known that deliberate signal clipping in an intensity-modulated (IM) laser transmitter helps to overcome the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system performance limitation that is related to the signal high peak-to-average power ratio. The amplitude of a clipped OFDM signal has to be optimized in order to minimize the optical power that is required to achieve a specified system performance. However, the signal clipping introduces nonlinear distortion (so-called clipping noise) and leads to a system performance penalty. In this Letter, the performance of the IM optical OFDM system with digital baseband clipping distortion in the transmitter and clipping noise compensation by means of signal restoration in the digital signal processing unit of the system receiver is analytically evaluated. It is demonstrated that the system bit-error ratio can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude, from 10(-3) to 3.5×10(-5), by applying only the first iteration of the signal restoration algorithm proposed in this Letter. The results of the analytical analysis are verified with brute-force numerical simulations based on direct error counting.     

Polarization shift keying (POLSK) phase diversity homodyne system with multiplying detection in coherent optical communications

We propose a Polarization Shift Keying (POLSK) phase diversity homo-dyne system with multiplying detection in coherent optical communications. The proposed system uses only one of three Stokes parameters, which is the phase difference between two orthogonal polarizations. Although such systems using only one Stokes parameter are very sensitive to polarization fluctuation, the proposed system becomes insensitive to the linear polarization fluctuation by using the multiplying detection with a combination of in-phase and quadrature optical signal components on two orthogonal polarizations. Furthermore, insensitivity to phase noise and offset frequency and attractiveness due to homodyne type in high-speed transmissions are maintained. The most attractive feature of the proposed system is that neither a polarization controller nor electronic feedback loop for matching the state of polarization (SOP) between transmitted and local oscillator (LO) optical signals is needed. We theoretically analyze the receiver sensitivity and the power penalties of the proposed system for the cases of the elliptical SOP of received optical signals and the imbalance optical 90° hybrid.     

正交频分复用无源时间反转信道均衡方法研究

针对水声信道多途信号引起的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)水声通信系统符号间干扰的问题,提出了无源时间反转均衡的方法,将发送的探测信号时间反转与OFDM信号做卷积,利用无源时间反转镜的时间聚焦原理减小信道多途带来的符号间干扰,在OFDM符号中不使用导频的情况下实现信道均衡,简化了均衡步骤并提高了OFDM符号频带利用率。分析比较了无源时反均衡方法与最小平方信道均衡在水声多途信道下的误码性能。仿真研究和湖上实验表明,无源时反信道均衡算法可以有效的减小多途信道对OFDM水声通信系统带来的影响。     

基于注入半导体激光器的微波副载波相位调制信号产生

光载无线技术是解决终端超宽带无线通信的重要方法,光信号与微波/毫米波信号的融合处理技术在光-无线的数据格式转换中至关重要.提出了一种基于相位调制信号光注入Fabry-Perot型半导体激光器实现微波副载波相位调制信号产生的方法.光学注入半导体激光器的输出光场会产生一周期(P1)振荡效应, P1振荡产生的边带实现了相位调制信号光的调制分量的放大,被放大的调制分量与注入光载波在激光器腔内拍频形成微波副载波.注入光相位的变化导致新产生的微波副载波相位变化, 实现了注入信号光相位信息转化为微波副载波相位信息.本系统完成1.3 Gb/s, 2.7 Gb/s, 2 Gb/s光相位调制信号到微波副载波相位调制信号的转换,并测量了微波的单边带相位噪声. 通过光电转换和电域混频将还原出的光基带信号与原信号进行逻辑对比,证明了数据信息转换的正确性.     

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demultiplexer using slab star coupler-based optical discrete Fourier transform circuit

We demonstrate an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demultiplexer with an optical discrete Fourier transform circuit fabricated using silica planar lightwave circuit technology. This compact device can process an arbitrary number of subcarriers. The operation of a ten-channel device is demonstrated by demultiplexing a 100 Gbit/s (10 subcarrier × 10 Gbits/s) OFDM signal. We also discuss a main factor affecting characteristics degradation of the device.     

Fiber nonlinearity mitigation by PAPR reduction in coherent optical OFDM systems via biased clipping OFDM

A new method incorporating biased clipping orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is presented, which mitigates fiber nonlinear effects in a long-haul coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) system. Under the scheme of the method, the wanted signal carried by odd subcarriers is orthogonal to clipping noise and a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) performs the optimal OFDM signal up-converter from the radio frequency (RF) domain to the optical domain. Analysis and simulation results show that fiber nonlinear effects can be effectively mitigated by reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in biased clipping CO-OFDM system. The nonlinearity threshold (NLT) is improved by 5 dB with a reach of 240 km. With a fiber length up to 800 km, system Q value is improved by approximately 2.3, 1.2, and 0.6 dB at a chromatic dispersion of 6, 12, and 16 ps/(nm·km), respectively. Additionally, system Q reaches the maximum when direct currect (DC) bias is equal to the mean value of the OFDM waveform.