The compounds and the phase diagram of MoO3-Rich Bi2O3MoO3 system

The equilibrium phase diagram between 0 and slightly above 50 mole% Bi₂O₃ in the Bi₂O₃MoO₃ system has been studied by differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction measurements on fused mixtures and single crystals. The results confirm the existence of the four compounds α (Bi₂O₃·3MoO₃), β (Bi₂O₃·2MoO₃), γ (Bi₂O₃·MoO)₃ and ? (～1.3Bi₂O₃·MoO₃) in the system. However, the phase diagram as well as the nature of melting of the α and γ were found disagreed with previous results. The γ compound melts incongruently at 947°C, whereas the α compound melts congruently at 662°C. The crystal class and lattice parameters of the compounds were determined based on the single crystal as well as powder pattern techniques. The results show that all four compounds have the monoclinic structure. The unit cell parameter of the β, γ, and ? compounds were found to be quite different from previously reported data. The lattice parameters obtained from X-ray analysis were also verified by density measurements of the single crystals. The polymorphism of the compounds was also investigated with single crystal samples. No polymorphic transformations for the α, β, and γ phases were detected in the work.     

Formation of hexagonal MoO3 upon the decomposition of silica-supported ammonium paramolybdate

Upon the decomposition of silica-supported ammonium paramolybdate, hexagonal MoO₃ is formed at 300–350 °C. Irreversible transformation of hexagonal to rhombic MoO₃ is observed with increasing calcination temperature. The hexagonal MoO₃ structure is probably stabilized by the insertion of ammonium and silicon ions into the lattice of molybdenum trioxide.

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, , 300–359 °C . MoO₃ . MoO₃, , MoO₃.

     

CeOx-supported monodispersed MoO3 clusters for high-efficiency electrochemical nitrogen reduction under ambient condition

Developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is essential for the electroreduction of N₂ to NH₃.Here,highly monodispersed MoO₃ clusters loaded on a coral-like CeO_xcompound with abundant oxygen vacancies are successfully prepared by an impregnation-reduction method.The MoO₃ clusters with small sizes of 2.6±0.5 nm are induced and anchored by the oxygen vacancies of CeO_x,resulting in excellent nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)performance.Additionally,the synergistic effects between MoO₃ and CeO_xlead to a further improvement of the electrochemical performance.The as-prepared MoO₃-CeO_xcatalyst shows an NH₃ yield rate of 32.2 μg h^-1 mg^-1 cat and a faradaic efficiency of 7.04%at-0.75 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode)in 0.01 M Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline.Moreover,it displays decent electrochemical stability over 30,000 s.Besides,the electrochemical NRR mechanism for MoO₃-CeO_xis investigated by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.N-H stretching,H-N-H bending,and N-N stretching are detected during the reaction,suggesting that an associative pathway is followed.This work provides an approach to designing and synthesizing potential electrocatalysts for NRR.     

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Li,Cr-containing molybdates Li3Cr(MoO4)3, LiCr(MoO4)2 and Li1.8Cr1.2(MoO4)3

Single crystals of LiCr(MoO₄)₂, Li₃Cr(MoO₄)₃ and Li_1.8Cr_1.2(MoO₄)₃ were grown by a flux method during the phase study of the Li₂MoO₄-Cr₂(MoO₄)₃ system at 1023 K. LiCr(MoO₄)₂ and Li₃Cr(MoO₄)₃ single phases were synthesized by solid-state reactions. Li₃Cr(MoO₄)₃ adopts the same structure type as Li₃In(MoO₄)₃ despite the difference in ionic radii of Cr³⁺ and In³⁺ for octahedral coordination. Li₃Cr(MoO₄)₃ is paramagnetic down to 7 K and shows a weak ferromagnetic component below this temperature. LiCr(MoO₄)₂ is isostructural with LiAl(MoO₄)₂ and orders antiferromagnetically below 20 K. The magnetic structure of LiCr(MoO₄)₂ was determined from low-temperature neutron diffraction and is based on the propagation vektor . The ordered magnetic moments were refined to 2.3(1) μ_B per Cr-ion with an easy axis close to the [1 1 1¯] direction. A magnetic moment of 4.37(3) μ_B per Cr-ion was calculated from the Curie constant for the paramagnetic region.The crystal structures of the hitherto unknown Li_1.8Cr_1.2(MoO₄)₃ and LiCr(MoO₄)₂ are compared and reveal a high degree of similarity: In both structures MoO₄-tetrahedra are isolated from each other and connected with CrO₆ and LiO₅ via corners. In both modifications there are Cr₂O₁₀ fragments of edge-sharing CrO₆-octahedra.     

Synthesis and crystal chemistry of NH3(MoO3)3

NH₃(MoO₃)₃ crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group $\text{P6}{}_3\text{m}$, lattice constants a = 10.568 Å, c = 3.726 Å, and Z = 2. The crystal structure has been determined by Patterson synthesis and refined assuming isotropic temperature factors to a final conventional R value of 0.085. The structure shows a three-dimensional arrangement built up of double chains of distorted MoO₆ octahedra, parallel to the [001] direction. The octahedral double chains are linked among each other through common oxygen atoms. In addition to the shared oxygen atoms, each molybdenum is coordinated to one terminal oxygen. MoO distances range from 1.645 to 2.378 Å and OMoO angles from 74.3 to 114.3°. These results are consistent with the fact that molybdenum in high-valence states shows octahedral coordination with terminal oxygens.     

Preparation of MoO3/g-Al2O3 catalyst by the reaction of a-boehmite with MoO3/H2O slurry - dual role of MoO3 as active phase and texture stabilizer during calcination

Summary Catalyst MoO₃/g-Al₂O₃ was prepared by the reaction of a-boehmite with molybdic acid in slurry MoO₃/H₂O followed by calcination. The deposited MoO₃ functioned as thermal stabilizer and inhibited sintering of Al₂O₃ phase during calcination. After calcination at 550 and 650^oC the surface area of Al₂O₃ obtained from a-boehmite was 207 and 172 m² g^-1, respectively, and of MoO₃/Al₂O₃ obtained from MoO₃/a-boehmite was 323 and 285 m² g^-1, respectively. On the other hand, molybdic acid did not work as peptization agent and the mechanical strength of MoO₃/Al₂O₃ was not higher than of Al₂O₃. The catalyst was sulfided and its activity in thiophene hydrodesulfurization was tested; it exhibited about the same activity as reference industrial MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst.     

Synthesis of Cr2(MoO4)3

Studies on the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction leading to Cr₂(MoO₄)₃ have been made using X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The apparent activation energy, E=285±22 kJ/mol has been calculated, based on the Ginstling-Brounstein diffusion controlled model.     

High surface area MoO3/TiO2 hydrodesulfurization catalysts

The catalytic combustion of benzene over SBA-15-supported copper oxide has been investigated. The SBA-15-supported copper oxide catalysts have been prepared by the precipitation-deposition method, and characterized by XRD, BET and TPR. In the CuO/SBA-15 catalysts, the catalytic activity increases with increasing copper oxide loading ratio. Metallic Cu is much more active than copper oxides. When the reduction temperature increases to 500°C the benzene conversion increases until the maximum vlaue is obtained. Further increase in the reduction temperature to 600°C results in a decrease of benzene conversion.     

Thermal activation of Al2O3 supported MoO3 and WO3 metathesis catalysts

Alumina-supported MoO₃ and WO₃ catalysts were activated for the metathesis of propene by thermal treatment in Ar. Temperatures up to 1140 K are required for catalysts with low metal contents. These exhibit the highest specific activities though they are known to be highly resistant to reduction. It is proposed that the active sites are formed from Mo(VI) and W(VI) species under the conditions employed.

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MoO₃ WO₃, Al₂O₃, . 1140 . , , . , , Mo W.

     

Acidity and oxidation activity of MoO3?UO3/SiO2 catalysts

The effect of UO₃ on the acidity of MoO₃–UO₃/SiO₂ catalysts has been studied by means of infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. The surface acidity exhibited a maximum for the same U/(U+Mo) atomic ratio (=0.11) that yielded a maximum in total conversion for isobutene oxidation. The catalytic properties for oxidation are discussed in terms of the acidic properties of the samples.

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UO₃ MoO₃–UO₃/SiO₂ . U/(U+Mo)=0,11, . , .

     

Products of V2O5?MoO3 catalyst reduction with benzene in the absence of oxygen

In the products of V₂O₅–MoO₃ catalyst reduction with benzene in the absence of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were detected in all the reduction region of the catalyst. Maleic anhydride is formed at the beginning of the reduction (first several pulses), and p-benzoquinone was detected in some experiments at the very beginning (in the first few pulses). The remaining products, which were detected in catalytic oxidation of benzene, such as phenol, hydroquinone, biphenyl and acrylic acid, were absent in all the reduction region.

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V₂O₅–MoO₃ - . ( ) , , - , -. , , , , , .

     

Phase formation in the K2MoO4-Lu2(MoO4)-Hf(MoO4)2 system and the structural study of triple molybdate K5LuHf(MoO4)6

Interactions in the ternary system K₂MoO₄-Lu₂(MoO₄)₃-Hf(MoO₄)₂ have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis. A new triple (potassium lutetium hafnium) molybdate with the 5: 1: 2 stoichiometry has been found. Single crystals of this molybdate have been grown. Its X-ray diffraction structure has been refined (an X8 APEX automated diffractometer, MoK _α radiation, 1960 F(hkl), R = 0.0166). The trigonal unit cell has the following parameters: a = 10.6536(1) ?, c = 37.8434(8) ?, V = 3719.75(9) ?, Z = 6, space group R c. The mixed 3D framework of the structure is built of Mo tetrahedra sharing corners with two independent (Lu,Hf)O₆ octahedra. Two sorts of potassium atoms occupy large framework voids. Original Russian Text ? E.Yu. Romanova, B.G. Bazarov, R.F. Klevtsova, L.A. Glinskaya, Yu.L. Tushinova, K.N. Fedorov, Zh.G. Bazarova, 2007, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 815–818.     

Electronic structures and X-ray photoelectron spectra of MoO2 and Li2 MoO4

Electronic structures of MoO₂ (4d²) and molybdatc (4d^o) are calculated by the discrete-variational Xα method employing [Mo₂O₁₀^12? and [MoO₄]^2? clusters. The calculations indicate that the Mo—O bond is more covalent in the molybdatc than in MoO₂. Level structures for the valence band region arc in agreement with XPS spectra of MoO₂ and Li₂MoO₄.     

The support and characterization of C60 and MoO3 on Al2O3

A new type of catalyst from supporting C₆₀ on MoO₃ and Al₂O₃ has been prepared. The effect of different order of impregnation and calcination atmosphere on catalyst are investigated by the solution test in toluene, UV-VIS spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results show that when the catalyst was prepared by supporting MoO₃ on C₆₀/Al₂O₃ and calcined in N₂, there is a stronger interaction between C₆₀, MoO₃ and Al₂O₃, but when supporting C₆₀ on MoO₃/Al₂O₃, the interaction is relatively weak. We consider that in the former method a new complex, Mo–C₆₀–O–Al, is formed.     

MoO3氧化物掺杂改善LiFePO4 / 乙炔黑电化学性能研究

采用MoO₃氧化物前驱物对磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)进行少量的掺杂，并用XRD、SEM、CV及恒流充放电测试对产物进行了研究。研究表明，少量的掺杂并未影响到LiFePO₄的晶体结构，但却能够在一定程度上改善LiFePO₄的电化学性能。其中650 ℃焙烧的1% Mo掺杂的LiFePO₄材料性能较好，该材料在以0.2 C的倍率充放电时，充放电曲线具有平稳的电压平台和较大的充放电容量，首次放电容量能达到     

The role of acidity of MoO3?SiO2 and WO3?SiO2 catalysts

The acidity of various MoO₃–SiO₂ and WO₃ catalysts has been measured by means of ammonia adsorption. Whereas the acidity of silica and pure metal oxides is very low, an increase of surface acidity results from a reaction between silica support and metal oxides. A significant correlation between surface acidity and catalytic activity for aromatization of lower olefines could be found.

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MoO₃–SiO₂ WO₃ . SiO₂ . , SiO₂ . .

     

高活性耐硫MoO3改性NiO-Al2O3催化剂用于焦炉煤气甲烷化

采用双水解共沉淀法结合浸渍法合成了系列的MoO₃改性的xMoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂(x%为MoO₃的质量分数),利用固定床装置对催化剂的甲烷化反应活性和耐硫性能进行评价,并对失活前后催化剂进行详细表征。结果表明,随着MoO₃含量的升高MoO₃改性后的催化剂甲烷化活性有所下降,但MoO₃的掺杂显著提升了催化剂的耐硫性能。催化剂低温甲烷化活性降低的原因在于MoO₃负载量的增加降低了催化剂的活性比表面积,但MoO₃的引入也为硫化物提供了一个竞争吸附位点,进而延缓了活性位点的硫中毒过程。当MoO₃负载量(质量分数)为12.5%时,12.5MoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂在143 mg·m^-3 H₂S/H₂气氛下运行时间长达7 h,远高于其他催化剂。12.5MoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂吸收硫的量(质量分数)达到0.71%,是NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂硫吸附量的1.48倍。XPS表征进一步发现12.5MoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂表面生成的MoS₂最多,这说明在此负载量下Mo优先吸附了更多的硫而保护了活性位点。此外,MoO₃负载量为12.5%时,MoO₃在催化剂表面接近单层分散阀值,当竞争吸附发生时,为硫化物提供更多的吸附位点。     

高活性耐硫MoO3改性NiO-Al2O3催化剂用于焦炉煤气甲烷化

采用双水解共沉淀法结合浸渍法合成了系列的MoO₃改性的xMoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂(x%为MoO₃的质量分数),利用固定床装置对催化剂的甲烷化反应活性和耐硫性能进行评价,并对失活前后催化剂进行详细表征。结果表明,随着MoO₃含量的升高MoO₃改性后的催化剂甲烷化活性有所下降,但MoO₃的掺杂显著提升了催化剂的耐硫性能。催化剂低温甲烷化活性降低的原因在于MoO₃负载量的增加降低了催化剂的活性比表面积,但MoO₃的引入也为硫化物提供了一个竞争吸附位点,进而延缓了活性位点的硫中毒过程。当 MoO₃负载量(质量分数)为 12.5% 时,12.5MoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂在 143 mg·m^-3 H₂S/H₂气氛下运行时间长达7 h,远高于其他催化剂。12.5MoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂吸收硫的量(质量分数)达到0.71%,是NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂硫吸附量的1.48倍。XPS表征进一步发现12.5MoO₃/NiO-Al₂O₃催化剂表面生成的MoS₂最多,这说明在此负载量下Mo优先吸附了更多的硫而保护了活性位点。此外,MoO₃负载量为12.5%时,MoO₃在催化剂表面接近单层分散阀值,当竞争吸附发生时,为硫化物提供更多的吸附位点。     

Subsolidus phase equilibrium in Cs2MoO4-Al2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2 system and crystal structure of new ternary molybdate Cs(AlZr0.5)(MoO4)3

The subsolidus area of Cs₂MoO₄-Al₂(MoO₄)₃-Zr(MoO₄)₂ system was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. Two new molybdates with component molar ratios of 1: 1: 1 (S₁) and 5:1:2 (S₂) were synthesized for the first time. The crystallographic parameters of the 5:1:2 compound were determined. Solution- melt crystallization and spontaneous nucleation yielded crystals of new 1:1:1 cesium aluminum zirconium molybdate Cs(AlZr_0.5)(MoO₄)₃. Its formula unit and crystal structure were refined by X-ray diffraction (1592 reflections, R=0.0249). Trigonal crystals: a=12.9441(2) ?, c=12.0457(4) ?, V=1747.86(7) ?³, Z = 6, space group R $ \bar 3 $ \bar 3 . The three-dimensional combined framework of this structure is formed by MoO₄ tetrahedrons linked through common vertices to (Al,Zr)O₆ octahedrons. Cesium atoms occupy large cavities of the framework. Crystallographic position M(1) is occupied by randomly distributed Al³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ cations.