"科学小明星"争夺战

关卡 1 涵涵非常喜欢上科学课,每次做实验、做模型他都最积极了,这一回也不例外.涵涵邀请好朋友楠楠一起组队,楠楠也很高兴,表示他俩的组合肯定"天下无敌"!     

1994年中国数学奥林匹克

１９９４年中国数学奥林匹克本栏特约主持人熊斌叶中豪１９９４年中国数学奥林匹克（第九届全国冬令营）于１９９４年１月１２日至１月１３日在上海复旦大学举行，除台湾省外的３０个省、市、自治区的代表队参加了角逐．香港、台湾、新加坡派观察员观摩了比赛．俄罗斯组队...     

第四届“泰迪杯”全国数据挖掘挑战赛成功举办

正2016年3月底,第四届"泰迪杯"全国数据挖掘挑战赛开赛。本届挑战赛由全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会主办,广州泰迪智能科技有限公司承办,广东省工业与应用数学学会和华南师范大学数学科学学院协办。竞赛是面向全国在校研究生和大学生的群众性科技活动,研究生、本科生、大专生都可以组队参赛,目的在于激励学生学习数据挖掘的积极性,提高学生利用数据分析方法解决实际问题的综合能力,鼓励广大学生踊跃参加课外科技活动,开拓知识面,培养创造精神及合作意识,推动数据挖掘技术在高校的     

三年级珠心算教学现状与改进策略

正从2013年9月开始,我们仪征市真州小学开始进行珠心算教学实验,短短6年间,一、二、三年级学生在仪征市3所实验学校中崭露头角,并多次代表仪征参加扬州市比赛。去年我校三年级两名学生和宝应校一名学生组队,代表扬州市参加了江苏省珠心算比赛,取得了小组第4名的好成绩。本文试从我校三年级珠心算教学实验现状出发,谈一谈我们的一些做法,请同行指教。一、教学现状学生珠心算能力的形成一般要经历四个阶段:实拨、空拨、看拨和想拨。学生从实实在在拨珠到头脑     

第九届全国研究生数学建模竞赛

<正>2012年12月8日在上海交通大学隆重举行了第九届"华为杯"全国研究生数学建模竞赛颁奖大会,至此2012年研究生数学建模竞赛已经成功落下帷幕.在竞赛的承办单位——上海交通大学的精心组织下,2012年的竞赛,共有30个省(市、自治区)的251所高校、研究所的2507队、7521名研究生,(其中包括384名博士生)参赛,规模空前.实践是检验真理的唯一标准,群众是权威的裁判员,时间是公正的法官.全国研究生数学建模竞赛九年来不断发展壮大的事实说明它确实在培养研究生创新能力方面发挥了积极的作用,成效是显著的.2012年竞赛的承办单位上海交通大学积极动员一批研究所组队参赛,中国科学院软件研     

一些组合地图新算法的实现

本文主要讨论组合地图列举问题.刘的一部专著中提出了一个判定两个地图是否同构的算法.该算法的时间复杂度为O(m2),其中m为下图的规模.在此基础上,本文给出一个用于地图列举以及进而计算任意连通下图的地图亏格分布的通用算法.本文所得结果比之前文献中所给结果更优.     

Propagation of traveling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equation through the implementation of the extended modi ed direct algebraic method

In this work,di erent kinds of traveling wave solutions and uncategorized soliton wave solutions are obtained in a three dimensional(3-D)nonlinear evolution equations(NEEs)through the implementation of the modi ed extended direct algebraic method.Bright-singular and dark-singular combo solitons,Jacobi's elliptic functions,Weierstrass elliptic functions,constant wave solutions and so on are attained beside their existing conditions.Physical interpretation of the solutions to the 3-D modi ed KdV-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation are also given.     

Sign-based Test for Mean Vector in High-dimensional and Sparse Settings

In this article, we introduce a robust sparse test statistic which is based on the maximum type statistic. Both the limiting null distribution of the test statistic and the power of the test are analysed. It is shown that the test is particularly powerful against sparse alternatives. Numerical studies are carried out to examine the numerical performance of the test and to compare it with other tests available in the literature. The numerical results show that the test proposed significantly outperforms those tests in a range of settings, especially for sparse alternatives.     

Multiple Positive Solutions for One Dimensional Third Order p-Laplacian Equations with Integral Boundary Conditions

In this paper,we consider the one dimensional third order p-Laplacian equation■u^′′(0)=0.By using kernel functions and the Avery-Peterson fixed point theorem,we establish the existence of at least three positive solutions.     

中国数学会举行第十次全国代表大会

中国数学会第十次全国代表大会暨2007学术年会11月2日在北京航空航天大学开幕,这是中国数学会历史上规模最大的一次全国代表大会.教育部副部长吴启迪、中国科协书记处书记冯长根、北京航空航天大学校长李未及中科院、科技部等单位的相关领导、嘉宾出席开幕式.     

城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价指标与评价方法

定量的评判城市老旧居住小区整体交通环境质量并进而科学有效的提出老旧小区交通环境更新与改善措施,对城市老旧居住小区交通环境进行了调查,明确了老旧居住小区存在的突出交通问题,并提出了城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价的指标体系,包括行人跨路出行指数、无人行道路段长度占比、停车泊位供需比、路内非法停车占比、平均停车步行距离、泊位数量户数比、人均步行空间、无障碍通道、盲道设置比例、非机动车泊位供需比、地面停放车辆数小区面积比、外部穿行交通周转量小区面积比等。并给出了具体指标的计算方法与获得办法。以长沙市四个典型老旧居住小区为例,对评价方法进行了论证,并得到城市老旧居住小区存在的一般问题,包括人车混杂、人车交织现象严重,停车泊位短缺、车辆乱停乱放,交通设施、特别是弱势群体交通设施缺乏。给出的评价指标、评价方法与结论可为城市老旧小区改造更新,特别是其中很重要的交通环境更新提供决策依据。     

The generalized hierarchical product of graphs

A generalization of both the hierarchical product and the Cartesian product of graphs is introduced and some of its properties are studied. We call it the generalized hierarchical product. In fact, the obtained graphs turn out to be subgraphs of the Cartesian product of the corresponding factors. Thus, some well-known properties of this product, such as a good connectivity, reduced mean distance, radius and diameter, simple routing algorithms and some optimal communication protocols, are inherited by the generalized hierarchical product. Besides some of these properties, in this paper we study the spectrum, the existence of Hamiltonian cycles, the chromatic number and index, and the connectivity of the generalized hierarchical product.     

Analysis of the Stress State of the Surface Layer of a Polymeric Mass upon Filling of Bulky Compression Molds

The stress state of the surface layer of a polymeric mass during filling of bulky compression molds is analyzed. It is shown that, at particular rheological characteristics of the mass, temperature, and filling rates, cracking of the surface layer occurs, which leads to defects in the finished products. A physical analysis of this process makes it possible to conclude that the cracks arise due to the normal stresses operating in the front region of the moving polymeric mass. It is found that, under certain flow conditions, areas with a pressure lower than the atmospheric one appear on the surface of the polymer. If the tensile stresses arising in these local regions are higher than the tensile strength of the mass, the continuity of the composition is broken in the direction determined by the greatest rate of the normal deformation. To confirm the reliability of the crack-formation mechanism proposed, the distribution of the pressure and normal stresses over the free surface is calculated based on a numerical method. These calculations show that, by comparing the stress level achieved in the front region with the tensile-strength characteristics of the polymeric composition, it is possible to predict, with a sufficient accuracy, the possibility of crack formation in the surface layer of such a mass under given flow conditions and thus to solve the question on flawless manufacturing of products.     

Utilization and maintenance in a model with scrapping

We consider a productive asset, called equipment or capital good, and we examine the properties of, as well as the interactions between, the operating policies, which are determined by its optimal utilization and maintenance, and the capital policy of scrapping, which defines the optimal time when the productive asset is retired from its current use. Starting with an abstract model and using the approach of optimal control, initially we characterize the various types of equipment by assigning to them a single total profit index, which indicates how the above policies affect the flow of operating revenues plus capital gains or losses. This index is a function of market-determined prices. So using it we then investigate how the operating and capital policies are influenced by the rate of discount, the price of new equipment, and the rise or fall of the price of new equipment relative to the value of its output. Among other interesting results, we find that the effects of these prices on the nature and interactions of optimal policies depend crucially on whether the equipment is of the usual profit making type, where output is the main source of revenue, or of the antique type, where the main source of revenue is capital gains.     

Quality rating of a metal matrix-diamondcomposite from its thermal conductivity and electric resistance

The efficiency of hot-pressed diamond-containing composite materials (DCM) for various tool applications is greatly affected by microdefects, namely, the residual porosity of the metal matrix, damaged diamond grains, and imperfect diamond-matrix interfaces. An instrumental evaluation of these microdefects, predetermining the quality of a tool equipped with DCM, is rather difficult due to the small size, the nonstandard shape, and the strong heterogeneity of specimens. Proposed here is an alternative, nondestructive technique of DCM quality rating, which includes the measurement of electric resistance and thermal conductivity of diamond-containing composites and processing the obtained data by the methods of composite mechanics. It exploits the fact that diamond, being a dielectric, possesses an extremely high thermal conductivity, which allows estimating the residual porosity of a sintered metal matrix from the ratio of specific electric resistances, one being measured and another predicted by a theory. These data, in turn, are utilized to predict the thermal conductivity ofDCMwith an imperfect matrix. Matching with experiments, after solving the inverse problem gives the thermal resistance of diamond-matrix interface, which, within the frame work of the given model, simulates the damage of both the diamond grains and their bonds with the matrix. Thus, the numerical rating of quality is given in terms of two dimensionless parameters. The first one, 0 < K < 1, reflects the quality of the sintered metal matrix, whereas the second one, 0 < R <1, is an aggregate measure of the integrity of diamond grains and the perfection degree of composite interfaces. The quite satisfactory agreement observed between the theory and experiment confirms the efficiency of the technique and the reliability of the data obtained. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 361–374, May–June, 2006.     

Rolling-ball method for estimating the boundary of the support of a point-process intensity

We suggest a generalisation of the convex-hull method, or ‘DEA’ approach, for estimating the boundary or frontier of the support of a point cloud. Figuratively, our method involves rolling a ball around the cloud, and using the equilibrium positions of the ball to define an estimator of the envelope of the point cloud. Constructively, we use these ideas to remove lines from a triangulation of the points, and thereby compute a generalised form of a convex hull. The radius of the ball acts as a smoothing parameter, with the convex-hull estimator being obtained by taking the radius to be infinite. Unlike the convex-hull approach, however, our method applies to quite general frontiers, which may be neither convex nor concave. It brings to these contexts the attractive features of the convex hull: simplicity of concept, rotation-invariance, and ready extension to higher dimensions. It admits bias corrections, which we describe and illustrate through implementation.     

邻避冲突中的利益相关者演化博弈分析——以污染类邻避设施为例

工业化、城市化进程的加快在推进社会经济发展的同时,也催生了公民权利意识和环保意识的觉醒。在整体利益与局部利益、经济利益与环境利益等一系列矛盾交织的宏观背景下,继劳资纠纷、征地拆迁之后,污染类邻避设施成为诱发群体性事件的关键因子。因此,探究政府、邻避设施营建企业与周边民众三方间利益关系,理清相关主体的利益诉求对于邻避冲突的预防和处置具有重要实践意义。本文基于利益相关者理论,探究污染类邻避设施相关利益主体在冲突中所扮演的角色和发挥的作用,进而从博弈论视角出发构建政府、邻避设施营建企业和周边民众之间的三方演化博弈模型。在此基础上,通过对政府、营建企业和周边民众的稳定演化博弈策略选择分析,得出推动博弈三方向演化稳定策略点收敛的条件。利用Matlab对三方演化模型模拟仿真,结果表明政府采取不监管策略、营建企业采取合作策略及周边民众采取不抵抗策略是邻避冲突中三方利益相关者演化博弈的稳定策略点;高强度的政府奖励力度有利于促进营建企业采取合作策略,而抑制周边民众抵抗行为策略的选择;营建企业的经济补偿对于降低民众抵抗力度具有临界点,只有高额的经济补偿才会激励民众选择不抵抗的行为策略;而周边民众的抵抗力度对营建企业的策略选择无显著影响。本文研究结果对邻避冲突中相关利益主体起到一定启示作用:第一,政府作为邻避设施建设的监管者,应注重把握监管力度,完善公众参与渠道,降低个体风险感知;第二,营建企业作为邻避设施建设的实施者,应积极采用环保技术,构建科学利益补偿机制;第三,周边民众对于邻避设施的“落地”发挥关键作用,应加强自身公共理性,合理评估邻避风险,自觉维护社会公共利益。     

乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估方法

针对乡村绿色生态旅游特征,并考虑旅游者个体感受与群体效益,本文从乡村绿色生态旅游开发与适宜评级概念出发,提出乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估模型与方法。首先,从等级评估的概念与内涵出发,刻画乡村绿色生态旅游适宜评级问题,避免混淆旅游适宜评级和排序两个本质不同的问题。然后,构建乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级评估指标及隶属函数,提出评估指标的熵权确定方法。其次,提出乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估模型与二元语义等级评估方法。最后,通过案例研究和比较分析,说明本文所提模型与方法的合理性、可行性与实用性。     

Moment information for probability distributions,without solving the moment problem,II: Main-mass,tails and shape approximation

How much information does a small number of moments carry about the unknown distribution function? Is it possible to explicitly obtain from these moments some useful information, e.g., about the support, the modality, the general shape, or the tails of a distribution, without going into a detailed numerical solution of the moment problem? In this, previous and subsequent papers, clear and easy to implement answers will be given to some questions of this type. First, the question of how to distinguish between the main-mass interval and the tail regions, in the case we know only a number of moments of the target distribution function, will be addressed. The answer to this question is based on a version of the Chebyshev–Stieltjes–Markov inequality, which provides us with upper and lower, moment-based, bounds for the target distribution. Then, exploiting existing asymptotic results in the main-mass region, an explicit, moment-based approximation of the target probability density function is provided. Although the latter cannot be considered, in general, as a satisfactory solution, it can always serve as an initial approximation in any iterative scheme for the numerical solution of the moment problem. Numerical results illustrating all the theoretical statements are also presented.     

Calculation of damage and of force relaxation in amorpho-crystalline polymers

The dynamics of damage and of the relaxing force in amorpho-crystalline polymers under constant strain are calculated using the formulas for the probability of rupture of a deformed polymer molecule and a model representation of amorphous interlayers. The main parameters of the model are the maximum and minimum possible deformations of molecular chains, the energy of rupture activation, the function of the chain length distribution, the temperature, the macroscopic strain, and the relative dimensions of the amorphous interlayer. The conformity of the theoretical model and the association of the relaxation spectrum with the internal molecular and structural characteristics of the material are established.Zhambyl Technical Institute of Light and Food Industry, Taraz, Kazakhstan. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 499–508, July–August, 1999.