飞秒受激拉曼光谱技术

飞秒受激拉曼光谱（femtosecond stimulated raman spectroscopy,FSRS）是一种新型的非线性振动光谱技术.它使用两束重叠的窄带拉曼泵浦和宽带探测脉冲激光束,利用外差式检波方法在探测光方向上进行信号探测.FSRS既可以用来探测分子电子基态的振动动力学,也可以用来探测分子电子激发态的振动动力学,比如同质异构类反应.即使荧光背景很强的分子,也可以用FSRS来研究.FSRS可以用三阶微扰的波包图像来描绘.单从相位匹配条件出发,共有48项对应于FSRS过程,但是其中只有8项满足共振条件.可以用3种方法来描述这8项：双时间线拉曼图、封闭时间路径环路图和四波混频的能级图.进一步分析表明,这8项可以分成4类,即SRS（I）,SRS（II）,IRS（I）和IRS（II）,其中SRS代表受激拉曼散射,IRS代表反转拉曼散射.SRS（I）可以用来解释自发拉曼散射,但是其余的SRS（II）、IRS（I）和IRS（II）三项只在受激拉曼光谱中存在.FSRS光谱中SRS（I）过程产生的是斯托克斯拉曼谱线,而IRS（I）过程则产生的是反斯托克斯谱线.其余的两项SRS（II）和IRS（II）只是产生很宽的背景基线,基本和我们感兴趣的观测量不相关.使用简谐振动模型,我们可以得到三阶微扰极化率的四时间相关函数的解析表达式.我们讨论了FSRS光谱之所以能够得到高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率的物理原理.在文章中,我们还就以下研究做了计算与实验结果的比较：（a）荧光性罗丹明6G的共振FSRS谱和（b）CDCl3分子非共振脉冲泵浦光制备的相干振动态的二维FSRS谱.计算得到的结果与实验十分吻合,同时在理论上证明了CDCl3二维FSRS光谱中级联效应是占主导作用的.     

异硫氰基孔雀石绿受激拉曼光谱研究

本文报道了具有时间分辨能力的全频宽带受激拉曼（BBSRS）系统和关于异硫氰基孔雀石绿（MGITC）受激拉曼光谱（sRs）的研究．BBSRS系统的探测光为450-800nm宽带连续白光,泵浦光为280～900nm范围内连续可调谐的ps窄带可见光（带宽≈7．5cm-1,脉宽≈2．5ps）．在合适的泵浦波长下,该系统可同时获取拉曼损失和拉曼增益光谱．MGITC的SRS研究结果表明,当拉曼损失谱峰出现在最大吸收波长（≈627nm）时,共振SRS谱峰强度最大;当泵浦或增益谱峰在最大吸收波长附近时,未观察到明显的共振拉曼信号;共振峰强度随浓度增大而增大,随泵浦功率增大而迅速增大,后趋于饱和;共振和非共振峰强在延时零点附近达到最大值,并随延时绝对值的增大而减小．     

相干拉曼散射显微术

相干拉曼散射显微术（Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy）是一类植根于拉曼散射的光学显微成像方法,主要包含相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering,CARS）和受激拉曼散射（Stimulated Raman Scattering,SRS）两种方法.CARS/SRS显微术通过探测目标分子特定的振动来提供成像所需的衬度,通过非线性光学过程大大提高了检测的灵敏度,同时本征地具备三维成像能力.CARS和SRS显微术可以对脂类等不易被标记的物质成像,还可以很好地通过选择振动光谱,对生物体内特定小分子物质如药物等,以及生物大分子如核酸、蛋白质等进行无需标记的成像,因此成为极有潜力的活体（invivo）成像手段.本文主要介绍了CARS和SRS显微术的基本原理、实验操作及其在化学和生命科学中的应用.     

利用飞秒受激拉曼光谱研究9-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)久洛啶中分子内扭转电荷转移和异构化动力学（英文）

本文利用飞秒受激拉曼光谱结合量子化学计算研究了9-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)久洛啶分子在环己烷、四氢呋喃和二甲基亚砜溶剂中的激发态结构动力学.实验中观测到该分子的氢原子离面振动模式以及双腈基(C≡N)对称/反对称伸缩振动模式,这两种振动模式的发现意味着该分子在光激发后将沿C₇=C₈双键和C₄-C₇单键进行扭转,即通过异构化和分子内扭转电荷转移两种无辐射弛豫方式有效地淬灭局域性激发态上的粒子数.在非极性溶剂中,光激发导致局域性激发态的粒子数布居,其中一部分粒子数通过异构化以无辐射形式弛豫回基态;此外,虽然非极性溶剂中没有出现分子内电荷传递中间态,部分局域性激发态粒子数直接通过荧光发射弛豫回到基态,另一部分局域性激发态粒子数则通过分子内扭转电荷转移过程无辐射弛豫回基态.在极性溶剂中,光激发导致局域性激发态粒子数布居,其中一部分粒子数通过异构化无辐射弛豫回基态;另一部分局域性激发态的粒子数通过超快的分子内电荷传递过程弛豫至分子内电荷传递发光态,分子内电荷传递态上的粒子数一部分通过荧光发射弛豫回到基态,另一部分...     

硒化镉量子点膜的拉曼光谱及拉曼成像分析

研究了CdSe量子点膜的Raman光谱,发现CdSe量子点的横模(TO)振动活性较强,表面模(SO)、纵模(LO)振动不明显。比较了量子点、氧化三辛基膦及十六胺的Raman光谱,证明量子点表面大部分区域被十六胺及二辛胺修饰。在此基础上,对量子点膜的TO模振动及C-H弯曲振动峰进行了Raman成像分析,并与明场图像进行了对比,表明拉曼成像信号对量子点膜的表面变化非常敏感。     

反向泵浦的受激喇曼光声光谱

An improved experiment setup for Stimulated Photoacoustic Raman Spectroscopy（PARS）was reported. The employed two laser beams,unlike general arrangement of propagating in the same direction,counterpropagated with each other. This arrangement can eliminate the limitation that the small Raman shift could not be measured with general arrangement. Therefore,this improved setup was especially useful for measuring the PARS spectrum with small Raman shift,such as the pure rotational Raman spectrum. In the experiment,taking CH4 molecules as a research object,one laser was fixed at 532. 1 nm while another tunable dye laser scanned. The PARS spectrum of CH4 molecules for the v1 ,v2 and v3 bands was recorded in the two wavelength ranges of 625-642 nm and 573-589 nm,and the results agreed well with those obtained by Spontaneous Raman Scattering（ORS）technique,confirming the validity of the improved experimental setup.     

量子耗散与量子输运的级联方程组方法

级联方程已成为研究量子开放系统的稳态性质和动力学过程的重要方法。本文旨在系统综述量子耗散和量子输运的级联方程组方法的建立、发展以及在理论、算法和应用方面的一些最新进展。级联方程形式理论的建立以影响泛函路径积分为基础,并具有数值上的高效性和应用上的灵活性,可用于研究分子体系的复杂动力学过程以及强关联电子体系中的量子输运。其级联耦合结构以非微扰的方式揭示了多体相互作用、体系-环境耦合、非马尔可夫记忆等的综合效应。作为应用示例,我们采用级联方程模拟了生物光富集体系的二维相干动力学光谱以及含时电子输运过程中的动态近藤效应。     

多原子体系非绝热动力学的近似理论方法

非绝热动力学普遍存在于光物理和光化学过程中。描述非绝热跃迁需要处理电子-原子核间的相互耦合运动。由于计算量随体系尺度增大剧烈增长,准确的量子动力学计算目前只适用于描述小分子体系。为了研究多原子分子体系的非绝热过程,近年来发展了一些基于量子-经典动力学近似方法。本文将对典型的这类方法包括经典Ehrenfest方法、面跳跃方法、基于Wigner表示的混合量子-经典方法进行简要的介绍,并讨论如何将量子-经典动力学方法与电子结构从头算手段相结合,模拟非绝热过程。重点阐明各种方法的基本思想和优缺点,并对该领域的发展进行展望。     

对氨基苯硫酚分子的表面增强拉曼光谱及等离激元光催化反应

对氨基苯硫酚(PATP)是表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究中最重要的探针分子之一. PATP吸附体系具有非常特征且异常强的SERS信号, 但人们对其SERS信号的理解仍存在较大争议. 本文结合文献, 总结了我们为了理解PATP分子异常的SERS光谱所开展的系统的理论和实验工作. 首先介绍PATP的SERS增强机理方面开展的理论工作, 研究表明PATP分子的异常SERS信号不是来自PATP分子本身, 而是来自其表面催化偶联反应产物二巯基偶氮苯(DMAB). 通过实验和DMAB合成两个方面, 验证了DMAB是异常SERS信号的根源. 其次总结了各种实验条件对PATP转化为DMAB的影响, 并从实验和理论两个角度探讨PATP的表面催化偶联反应机理. 最后, 通过对PATP体系的SERS和等离激元增强化学反应的总结, 展望表面等离激元增强化学反应的未来发展方向.     

受激辐射耗尽超分辨显微成像的研究进展及应用

荧光显微镜凭借其非接触、无损伤、可实时探测生物样品内部等优点,成为生命科学研究中不可或缺的工具,但是Abbe光学衍射极限的存在限制了其对亚细胞尺度生化过程的进一步研究。作为突破光学衍射极限的远场光学显微镜,受激辐射耗尽(Stimulated Emission Depletion,STED)超分辨荧光显微术,因其超高时空分辨率和三维层析能力,成为备受关注的新型成像和分析表征工具。本文结合我们课题组在STED显微成像研究方面的工作,综述了近年来STED显微成像技术的研究进展及其在细胞成像中的应用。     

Efficient Coherent Population Transfer of D2 Molecules by Stark-induced Adiabatic Raman Passage

Preparation of a high flux of hydrogen molecules in a specific vibrationally excited state is the major prerequisite and challenge in scattering experiments that use vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules as the target. The widely used scheme of stimulated Raman pumping suffers from coherent population return which severely limits the excitation efficiency. Re-cently we successfully transferred D₂ molecules in the molecular beam from (v=0, J=0) to (v=1, J=0) level, with the scheme of Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage. As high as 75% of the excitation efficiency was achieved. This excitation technique promise to be a unique tool for crossed beam and beam-surface scattering experiments which aim to reveal the role of vibrational excitation of hydrogen molecules in the chemical reaction.     

Stimulated Raman laser excitation of spontaneous resonance Raman scattering

The efficient conversion of the second and third harmonics of a Nd YAG laser to near UV radiation in the 395–500 nm range by stimulated Stokes (and anti-Stokes) Raman scattering (SRS) in a 1 m Raman oscillator containing compressed H₂ or D₂ is used as an excitation source for spontaneous resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS). SRS excited RR spectra are shown for the anion radical of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ).     

Adiabatic Terminator for Fermionic Hierarchical Equations of Motion

The hierarchical equation of motion method has become one of the most popular numerical methods for describing the dissipative dynamics of open quantum systems linearly coupled to environment. However, its applications to systems with strong electron correlation are largely restrained by the computational cost, which is mainly caused by the high truncation tier \begin{document}$ L $\end{document} required to accurately characterize the strong correlation effect. In this work, we develop an adiabatic terminator by decoupling the principal dissipation mode with the fastest dissipation rate from the slower ones. The adiabatic terminator leads to substantially enhanced convergence with respect to \begin{document}$ L $\end{document} as demonstrated by the numerical tests carried out on a single impurity Anderson model. Moreover, the adiabatic terminator alleviates the numerical instability problems in the long-time dissipative dynamics.     

聚光光伏系统散热研究进展

对聚光光伏系统的发展过程进行了回顾.根据电池和聚光系统分类介绍了相匹配的散热冷却方式.电池组合方式简单、聚光倍数低的系统,使用传统风冷、水冷的被动散热即可满足要求;电池组合方式复杂、聚光倍数高的系统,常利用液浸冷却、射流冲击、通道冷却或多方法组合的新型冷却方式.指出在控制成本的前提下,选择系统可靠性高、结构简单的换热方...     

Stimulated Raman investigation of CO2-laser-excited SF6

Stimulated Raman spectroscopy is used to probe the photoexcitation dynamics of CO₂-laser-excited SF₆ in a molecular free-expansion jet. Time-dependent depletion of rotational levels in the ground state is observed by monitoring the ν₁ Raman spectrum at various delay times after the CO₂-laser excitation pulse. Optical Stark shifts are also seen, at short delay times, arising from resonances of the IR laser pulse with ν₃ transitions from both ground and ν₁ = 1 states. Molecules excited to the ν₃ = 1 level are detected by scanning the ν₁ + ν₃ ? ν₃ hot band. A direct determination of the anharmonicity X₁₃ = ?2.910 ± 0.002 cm^?1 is thus obtained.     

Expanding the Range of Bioorthogonal Tags for Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Multiplex optical detection in live cells is challenging due to overlapping signals and poor signal-to-noise associated with some chemical reporters. To address this, the application of spectral phasor analysis to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for unmixing three bioorthogonal Raman probes within cells is reported. Triplex detection of a metallacarborane using the B−H stretch at 2480–2650 cm⁻¹, together with a bis-alkyne and deuterated fatty acid can be achieved within the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum. When coupled to imaging in the high-wavenumber region of the cellular Raman spectrum, nine discrete regions of interest can be spectrally unmixed from the hyperspectral SRS dataset, demonstrating a new capability in the toolkit of multiplexed Raman imaging of live cells.