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1.
Inhaltsübersicht. Die Reaktion von Difluorhalogenmethanen, CF2X2, mit Phosphanen, R3P, in Gegenwart von Metallen und Carbonylverbindungen, R″R′CO, führt zur Bildung geminaler Difluorolefine, R″R′C=CF2. Die sorgfältige Untersuchung der Einzelschritte dieser komplexen Reaktion zeigt, daß intermediär Difluorhalogenmethylphosphoniumhalogenide, [R3P–CF2X]X, und Difluormethylenphosphorane, R3P – c??-F2, gebildet werden. Die Phosphoniumsalze sind stabil und können als kristalline Substanzen isoliert werden. Durch Metalle oder Phosphene werden sie zu den instabilen Difluormethylenphosphoranen reduziert. Diese zersetzen sich beim Fehlen geeigneter Reaktionspartner in Phosphan und Difluorcarben, CF2. Ihre Bildung durch Addition von CF2 an R3P ist nicht möglich. Mit Halogenwasserstoffen bilden sie Difluormethylphosphoniumsalze, [R3P-CHF2]X. Formation and Stability of Difluoromcthylene Phosphoranes, R3P —c?F2 In the presence of metals and carbonyl compounds, R″R′CO, the reaction of difluoro-halomethanes, CF2X2, with phosphanes, R3P, leads to the formation of geminal difluoroolefins, R″R′C=CF2. Our investigations have proved that difluorohalomethylphosphonium halides, [R3P–CF2X]X, and difluoromethylene phosphoranes, R3P–C??F2, are formed intermediately. The phosphonium salts are stable. They can be isolated as crystalline substances. They are reduced by metals or phosphanes forming unstable difluoromethylene phosphoranes as intermediates. These decompose into phosphane and difluorocarbene, CF2, if suitable reactants are absent. Their reaction with hydrogen halides, HX, yields difluoromethylphosphonium salts, [R3P–CHF2]X. The formation of difluoromethylene phosphoranes by addition of CF2 to R3P is not possible.  相似文献   

2.
Phosphonium Salts with Hydrogen Dihalide Anions HCl2?, HBr2?, HI2?, or HBrCl? Phosphonium hydrogen dihalides [R3PR′][XHY] (X = Y = Cl, Br, I; X = Br, Y = Cl) resp. [R3PH]HBr2 are obtained as extremely hydrolyzable crystals by reaction of phosphonium halides or tertiary phosphanes with hydrogen halide. According to IR spectroscopic results the solid compounds mostly contain anions [XHX]? with symmetric hydrogen bonds. In solution 1H NMR measurements show a slight (X = Cl, Br) or considerable (X = I) dissociation according to HX2? ? X? + HX. On heating the solid compounds decompose with formation of hydrogen halide and [R3PR′]X or [R3PH]X. In this process the hydrogen bromidechlorides [R3PR′][BrHCl] exclusively eliminate HCl. NMR studies (1H und 31P) with solutions containing [R3PH]HBr2 (R = phenyl, 1-naphtyl) or HBr and Ph3P in varying molar ratios show that a fast proton exchange between the competing Lewis bases R3P and Br? exists.  相似文献   

3.
On the Reaction of Halomethylphosphonium Halides, [R3PCYnX3–n]X, with Phosphanes, R′3P The results of the reaction of 19 different halomethylphosphonium halides, [R3PCYnX3–n]X (R = Ph, n-Bu, Me2N, Et2N; Y = H, F; X = Cl, Br, I; n = 0–2), with Ph3P, n-Bu3P, and (R2N)3P are presented. As reaction products bisphosphonium salts, [R3P? CYnX2–n? PR′3]X2, and phosphoranylphosphonium salts, [R3P=CY? PR′3]X, or reduced (halo)methyl-phosphonium salts, [R3PCHYnX2–n]X, are obtained. [Ph3PCBrF2]Br and [Bu3PCBrF2]Br react with R′3P by trans-alkylation forming [R′3PCBrF2]Br. The factors influencing the course of the reaction are discussed.  相似文献   

4.
A kinetic study of the reaction of [M(C10H12 · OCH3)(P)]+ complexes (M = Pd, Pt; PP = 1,2-bisdiphenylphosphinoethane; C10H12 = endo-dicyclopentadiene) with hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br) in aqueous methanol at 35° C is described. The proposed mechanism involves slow formation of the solvato species [M(C10H12)(solv.)(P)]2+ followed by fast reaction with X- to give M(PP)X2.  相似文献   

5.
Methylene-diphosphorus Halides The synthesis of methylene-bridged diphosphorus halides of the type X2P(Z)CH2PX2, X2P(Z)CH2P(Z)X2 and F4PCH2P(Z)X2(with X = F, Cl; Z = O, S) as well as the preparation of the fluorophosphorane F4PCH2PF4, and of the two anions, [F5PCH2PF5]2? and [F5PCH2P(O)F2]?, is reported.  相似文献   

6.
Fluoridolysis of N-Phosphoryl Phosphazenes In the reaction of the N-phosphoryl phosphazenes X3P?N? P(Y)X2 (X = Cl, PhO, Et2N, CF3CH2O, PrS, Ph; Y = O, S) ( 1 – 18 ) with Et3N · nHF (n ≈? 3 or 0.6) fluoro derivatives of N-phosphoryl phosphazenes (see table 2) as well as N-phosphorylated imiddotetrafluorophosphates, [F4P?N? P(Y)Cl2]? (Y = O, S), and imidopentafluorophosphates, [F5P? N? P(Y)X2]2? or [F5P? NH? P(O)X2]? (see table 3), are formed. t-BuNHPCl2?N? POCl2 reacts in acetonitrile with Et3N or i-Pr2EtN to form a product, representing probably the diazadiphosphetine ( 5 b ).  相似文献   

7.
Geometry and thermodynamic characteristics of complexes X2MYH2 (M = Al, Ga, In; X = F, Cl, Br, I; Y = N, P, As) and their components were found by the B3LYP density functional method with the LANL2DZ(d,p) basic set. The nitrogen complexes X2MNH2 have a planar structure, whereas the phosphorus and arsenic complexes are pyramidal. Upon HX elimination, the dissociation energy of the M-Y bonds considerably increases (by 150-270 kJ mol- 1), which makes the dissociation of X2MYH2 into components thermodynamically unfeasible even at temperatures about 1000°C. A linear correlation between the dissociation enthalpies of M-Y bonds in the X3MYH3 and X2MYH2 complexes was found for each central atom M, which makes it possible to estimate the dissociation enthalpies of coordination-unsaturated compounds of the Group IIIa elements from the dissociation enthalpies of their coordination-saturated analogs. The enthalpies of dimerization of X2MYH2 fall in the range from 40 (Y = P, As) to 260 kJ mol- 1 (Y = N), which makes the process X3MNH3 = [X2MNH2]2 + HX with the retention of the metal-nitrogen bond more favorable than the dissociation of the initial complex into the components. Thus, dimers [X2MNH2]2 can be intermediates in chemical deposition of nitrides from the gas phase of donor-acceptor complexes.  相似文献   

8.
Summary The products from the reaction oftrans-dioxobis(ethylenediamine)rhenium(V) halides with hydrogen halides have been investigated. Dilute (2M) and concentrated hydrochloric acid react with (ReO2en2)Cl in the cold to give ReO(OH)enCl2 and IRe(OH)2enCl2]Cl respectively, while with hot 6M HCl [ReOCl5]2– is formed. Dilute solutions of HX protonate [ReO2en2]X (X = Br and I) giving [ReO(OH)en2]X2 which are converted slowly into ReO(OH)enBr2 and [ReO(OH)en2](I3)2. Hot and concentrated solutions of HX reduce Rev in (ReO2en2 )X (X = Br and I) giving enH2(ReBr6) and ReI4en. The thermal decomposition of (ReO2en2)X (X = Cl, Br and I) has been studied by thermogravimetry and a polymeric compound, Re2O7en2, has been isolated by heating (ReO2en2)X at 200°. The compounds have been characterised by molecular conductivities, magnetic susceptibility and i.r. spectra.  相似文献   

9.
(N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethylethylendiamine) di(tert-butyl)aluminium Cations — Molecular Structure of [(Me3C)2Al(TMEDA)][(Me3C)2AlBr2]? Dimeric di(tert-butyl)aluminium halides (Me3C)2AlX (X = Cl, Br) react with N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethylethylendiamine (TMEDA) to give three compounds: the salt-like [(Me3C)2Al(TMEDA)][(Me3C)2AlX2]? 1 , characterized by crystal structure determination, and [(Me3C)2Al(TMEDA)]X? 3 both with chelating amine, and the more covalent, pentane soluble (Me3C)2AlX(TMEDA) 2 with TMEDA bound by only one nitrogen atom. The reaction resembles the symmetrical and unsymmetrical cleavage of diborane(6). 3 (X = Cl) is also formed by treatment of 1 with boiling n-hexane in the presence of TMEDA over a period of 24 hours, while for X = Br the more covalent 2 is the main product under similar conditions. In solution 2 decomposes slowly yielding different products in dependency of the solvent: in benzene 3 and in n-pentane 1 are formed.  相似文献   

10.
Reactions of organomagnesium halides with group 13 metal halides lead to the formation of R3M type compounds (R = alkyl, aryl; M = Al, Ga, In) and are considered as the simplest methods of R3M compound syntheses. These seemingly simple reactions reveal a much more complex chemistry involving mixed magnesium-group 13 metal compounds. To elucidate the reaction course of reactions of organomagnesium halides with group 13 metal halides, we have studied reactions of R3M with organomagnesium halides. The interaction of Et3M with R1MgX led to the formation of following products being mixtures of crystalline ionic complexes with the general composition of [Et4-nR1nM][XMg (thf)5]+·(thf): [Et2.2Al(CH=CH2)1.8][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 1 ), [Et3Ga(CH=CH2)][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 2 ), [Et4Al][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 3 ), [Et4Ga][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 4 ), [Et2.9Al(C6H5)1.1][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 5 ), [Et2.9Ga(C6H5)1.1][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 6 ), [Et3.4GaMe0.6][IMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 7 ) and [Et4In][BrMg (thf)5]+·(thf) ( 8 ). A comparison of the production course of group 13 metal trialkyls R3M with a thermal decomposition of 1–8 products showed that reactions of MX3 with RMgX (X = Br, I; R = alkyl, aryl) yield initially intermediate ionic compounds, which must then be thermally decomposed to obtain pure R3M compounds. If group 13 metal bromides and iodides, and alkyl (aryl)magnesium bromides and iodides in thf are used, only intermediate products with the [R4M][XMg (thf)5]+·(thf) structure are formed.  相似文献   

11.
A simple and efficient method for the preparation of N-phosphonio formamidine derivatives of the general formula [R”2N?C(H)=N?P(R’)R2]+X? is described. The data recorded in solution and the single crystal X-ray studies revealed that these compounds are best described by the combination of the two mesomeric N-phosphonio formamidine [R”2N?C(H)=N?P(R’)R2]+ and iminium phosphazene [R”2N=C(H)?N=P(R’)R2]+ forms. Formamidine phosphorus ylides iPr2N?C(H)=N?P(CH2)R2 were prepared after addition of tBuLi at –78 °C from the corresponding N-phosphonio compounds. [(PhCN)2Pd(Cl)2] was reacted with iPr2N?C(H)=N?P(CH2)iPr2 to form the dimeric complex [(iPr2N?C(H)=N?P(CH2)iPr2)Pd(Cl)(μ-Cl)]2 which was structurally characterized by X-ray analysis. The deprotonation reactions conducted on [iPr2N?C(H)=N?PPh3]+X? occurred via an intramolecular rearrangement to give the cyanamide compound iPr2N?C≡N and PPh3; transient formation of the amino-phosphazene-carbene iPr2N?C?N=PPh3 was not observed.  相似文献   

12.
S4N3[ReCl4(NSCl)2]?. Synthesis and Crystal Structure S4N3[ReCl4(NSCl)2]? is formed as a byproduct in the reaction of Re2(CO)10 with excess trithiazyl chloride. The compound is characterized by a crystal structure analysis by X-ray methods. S4N3[ReCl4(NSCl)2] crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group P212121 with four formula units per unit cell and the lattice dimensions a = 980, b = 1205, c = 1362 pm (2376 observed, independent reflexions; R = 0.076). The compound consists of the well known cyclic planar S4N3-cations and anions [ReCl4(NSCl)2]?, in which the rhenium atom is coordinated octahedral by four Cl atoms and two cis-positioned NSCl ligands. The mean Re? N and N? S bond lengths (177 pm and 158 pm) correspond to double bonds. The bond lengths and angles are much like in the structure of AsPh4[ReCl4(NSCl)2]; however the chlorine atoms of the NSCl ligands are turned to each other.  相似文献   

13.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of SMe3 [MoBr4(SMe2)2]? . The title compound is obtained from MoBr4 and excess dimethyl sulfide, forming red crystals which are only slightly sensitive to moisture. Whereas the intermediately formed adduct of MoBr4 and SMe2 is unstable, the stable adduct [Mo(NO)2Br2(SMe2)2] can be prepared from Mo(NO)2Br2 and SMe2. According to the structural analysis by X-ray methods, SMe3 [MoBr4(SMe2)2]? crystallizes orthorhombic in the space group Imma with eight formula units per unit cell, the cell dimensions being a = 1578, b = 2820, c = 856 pm (1303 observed, independent reflexions). The compound consists of S(CH3)3 cations with S? C bond lengths of 180 pm and C? S? C bond angles of 102° and 103° resp., and anions [MoBr4(SMe2)2]?. The molybdenum atom is coordinated octahedral by four bromine atoms in equatorial positions and the two S atomes of the SMe2 donor molecules in axial sites with Mo? S bond lengths of 254 pm.  相似文献   

14.
Preparation and Vibrational Spectra of Dichloro and Dibromodithiophosphate. Crystal Structures of [PPh3Me][PS2Cl2] and [PPh4][PS2Br2] Dichloro and dibromodithiophosphates [Cat+][PS2X2?] with a large organic cation can be obtained from P4S10, CatX and HX in CH2Cl2 (Cat+ = PPh4+, PPh3Me+; X = Cl, Br). The vibrational spectra (i.r. and Raman) of the [PS2X2]? ions are reported and discussed; force constants were calculated. The crystal structures of [PPh3Me][PS2Cl2] and [PPh4][PS2Br2] were determined and refined with X-ray diffraction data. In both cases, simple anions [PS2X2]? are present. [PPh3Me][PS2Cl2]: orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 1089, b = 1334, c = 1476 pm, Z = 4, refinement to a residual index R = 0.046 for 1116 reflexions; the structure is isotopic with [PPh3Me][VO2Cl2]. [PPh4][PS2Br2]: tetragonal space group I4 , a = 1301, c = 721 pm, Z = 2, refinement to R = 0.065 for 357 reflexions; the structure is isotypic with [AsPh4][FeCl4] with [PS2Br2]? ions occupying positions of 4 -symmetry with statistical orientation (statistical superposition of Br and S positions).  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The interaction of the complexes (Et4 N)[Pt(R2 SO)X3] (R = Me, Et, CH2 Ph, X [dbnd] C1; R [dbnd] Me, X [dbnd] Br) and cis-[Pt(Me2 SO)2 Cl2] with concentrated HX (X [dbnd] Cl. Br) results in the reduction of the coordinated sulfoxides and oxidation of Pt(II) to Pt(IV). As a result [Pt(R2 S)X5 and [Pt(R2S)2 X4] are formed. Ligands R2 S can be removed from the complexes and isolated in a free state.  相似文献   

16.
Trialkylhydridoalanates RxR′3?xAlH? [R = CMe3; R′ = CH(SiMe3)2] The very strong base tert-butyl lithium reacts in the presence of chelating tetramethylethylendiamine with the aluminium organyls Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2CMe3 1 and Al[CH(SiMe3)2](CMe3)2 2 not under proton abstraction from the C? H acidic elementorganic substituent, but under β-elimination and addition of the thereby formed LiH to the coordinatively unsaturated aluminium atom. Two alanates — [Hal{CH(SiMe3)2}2CMe3]? 3 and [HAl{CH(SiMe3)2}(CMe3)2]? 4 each with Li(TMEDA)2 as counterion — were isolated; they exhibit separate anions and cations in solid state as shown by a crystal structure determination on 3 . In absence of the chelating amine tert-butyl lithium decomposes under the catalytic effect of the aluminium compound to LiH, which does not add to aluminium and precipitates in a reactive form.  相似文献   

17.
In this work, we analyze the geometry and electronic structure of the [XnM3]n?2 species (M = Be, Mg, and Ca; X = Li, Na, and K; n = 0, 1, and 2), with special emphasis on the electron delocalization properties and aromaticity of the cyclo‐[M3]2? unit. The cyclo‐[M3]2? ring is held together through a three‐center two‐electron bond of σ‐character. Interestingly, the interaction of these small clusters with alkali metals stabilizes the cyclo‐[M3]2? ring and leads to a change from σ‐aromaticity in the bound state of the cyclo‐[M3]2? to π‐aromaticity in the XM3? and X2M3 metallic clusters. Our results also show that the aromaticity of the cyclo‐[M3]2? unit in the X2M3 metallic clusters depends on the nature of X and M. Moreover, we explored the possibility for tuning the aromaticity by simply moving X perpendicularly to the center of the M3 ring. The Na2Mg3, Li2Mg3, and X2Ca3 clusters undergo drastic aromaticity alterations when changing the distance from X to the center of the M3 ring, whereas X2Be3 and K2Mg3 keep its aromaticity relatively constant along this process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009  相似文献   

18.
Reaction of [Mo6Cl8]X4 with N-Bases [Mo6Cl8]X4 (X = Cl, Br, I) in ethanol solution by titration with Ag+ showed 4 labil X atoms. The displacement of X? especially by F? accelerates the titration decisively. Conductivity measurements in ethanol or acetone showed that [Mo6Cl8]X4 at 25°C behave as weak 1:1-electrolytes. Solutions of [Mo6Cl8]X4 in DMF heated up to 60°C and than lowered to 25°C showed that the compounds in this solvent behave as (potential) strong 2:1-valent electrolytes. From the following compounds the labil halides have been determined by titration with Ag+: [Mo6Cl8]X4(Py)2 (X = Cl, Br), [Mo6Cl8]X4(bipy)2 (X = Cl, Br, I), [Mo6Cl8]X4(Phenpy)2 (X = Cl, Br, I), (PyH)2[Mo6Cl8]X6 (X = Cl, Br); (bipyH)2[Mo6Cl8]I4Cl2. Always 4 (respectively 6) labil halides have been observed; exception [Mo6Cl8]Cl4(Py)2 in acetone (2 labil Cl). Lattice constants and mole volumina for the adducts with pyridin and bipyridin have been determined. The adducts with bipyridin and phenylpyridin are isotypic. Conductivity measurements have been made in different solutions. The decomposition on the thermobalance showed that in [Mo6Cl8]Cl4(Py)2 the bond of pyridin is weak. The 2 pyridin molecules are evolved at the same time. However [Mo6Cl8]I4(Bipy)2 loses 1 bipyridin only. (PyH)2[Mo6Cl8]X6 formed during the first decomposition step the novel compounds (PyH) [Mo6Cl8]X5 (X = Cl, Br). Both compounds are isotypic. They behave in ethanol solution as strong 1:1-valent electrolytes.  相似文献   

19.
By a reaction of [BiX6]3– with salts of various N-alkylated pyridine derivatives in 2M HX (X = Cl, Br), (N-BzPy)4[Bi2X10] complexes (X = Cl (1), Br (2), (4-MePyH)4[Bi2Cl10] (3)) are obtained and structurally characterized.  相似文献   

20.
Syntheses of Oxovanadium(V) Halide Complexes Stabilized with Tripodal Oxygen Ligands LR = [η5‐(C5H5)Co{PR2(O)}3], R = OMe, OEt The sodium salts of the tripodal oxygen ligands LR = [η5‐(C5H5)Co{PR2(O)}3] (R = OMe, OEt) react with the oxovanadium halides V(O)F3 and V(O)Cl3 to yield deep red compounds of the type [V(O)X2LR]. Halide exchange reactions with [V(O)Cl2LOMe] und [V(O)F2LOMe] aiming at the preparation of the analogous bromide complex [V(O)Br2LOMe] led to the isomer [VO(LOMe)2][V(O)Br4]. The crystal structure of [V(O)Cl2LOMe] has been determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 9.6332(8), b = 15.0312(11) and c = 15.3742(12)Å, β = 100.181(8)°. The coordination around vanadium is distorted octahedral.  相似文献   

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