Ni2+掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5电极的制备及性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ni2+掺杂的Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5电极,并通过XRD、SEM、EDS、苯酚降解、加速寿命实验等技术手段,研究了Ni2+的掺杂对电极的结构、形貌、电催化性能及稳定性的影响。结果表明:Ni2+的掺入细化了SnO2晶粒,增大了电极的比表面积,改善了电极表面的龟裂程度,提高了电极的导电性能;相对于Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5电极Ni2+的掺入将苯酚完全降解的时间缩短为原来的40%,将电极的使用寿命提高为原来的4.8倍。     

A new solvent system for the separation of Th4+, UO 2 2+ and Zr4+ in the presence of common anions by thin-layer chromatography

Summary A TLC method has been developed for separating Th⁴⁺, UO₂ ²⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ in the presence of some common anions using a dimethylamine/acetone/formic acid mobile phase. Capacity factors, separation factors and resolution for the separation of Th⁴⁺ from UO₂ ²⁺ have been evaluated. The effect of the pH of the sample on R_F values of Th⁴⁺, UO₂ ²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ has also been examined.     

Selective hydrogenolysis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural over Pd/C catalyst to 2,5-dimethylfuran

Several metal supported catalysts were prepared and evaluated for 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) hydrogenolysis to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) which is a renewable potential fuel additive. Among the prepared catalysts, 3%Pd/C showed excellent performance in terms of complete conversion of 5-HMF along with the highest selectivity of 99% to 2,5-DMF. Detailed physico-chemical characterisation was done in order to understand structure-activity correlation. Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on activated carbon provided the adsorption surface to enhance the hydrogenation of 5-HMF. Reaction was well optimised and established by extensive study of different reaction parameters like temperature, pressure, reaction time, stirring effect, substrate loading and metal loading.     

CO Oxidation on Cu/MgO-SiO2 Sol-Gel Derived Catalysts

Sol-gel Cu//MgOSiO₂ catalysts were prepared gelling tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), magnesium ethoxide and copper acetylacetonate at pH 3 and pH 9. The catalysts shown specific surface areas ca. 500 m²/g and 140 m²/g for pH 9 and pH 3 preparations respectively. Si(OH) and Si(OH)₂ hydroxy groups were observed by MAS-RMN spectroscopy in both preparations. CO₂-TPD and NH₃-TPD desorption thermograms showed that acid and basic sites were formed on the catalysts surface. It has been found that the catalysts having the highest density of basic sites were the catalysts showing the highest activity for the CO oxidation. It is proposed that the catalytic activity depends of the relative Cu⁼¹/Cu⁼² stability given by the support acidity.     

CO2 Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Graphene-Based Materials

In the context of an increased interest in the abatement of CO₂ emissions generated by industrial activities, CO₂ hydrogenation processes show an important potential to be used for the production of valuable compounds (methane, methanol, formic acid, light olefins, aromatics, syngas and/or synthetic fuels), with important benefits for the decarbonization of the energy sector. However, in order to increase the efficiency of the CO₂ hydrogenation processes, the selection of active and selective catalysts is of utmost importance. In this context, the interest in graphene-based materials as catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation has significantly increased in the last years. The aim of the present paper is to review and discuss the results published until now on graphene-based materials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or N-dopped graphenes) used as metal-free catalysts or as catalytic support for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO₂. The reactions discussed in this paper are CO₂ methanation, CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol, CO₂ transformation into formic acid, CO₂ hydrogenation to high hydrocarbons, and syngas production from CO₂. The discussions will focus on the effect of the support on the catalytic process, the involvement of the graphene-based support in the reaction mechanism, or the explanation of the graphene intervention in the hydrogenation process. Most of the papers emphasized the graphene’s role in dispersing and stabilizing the metal and/or oxide nanoparticles or in preventing the metal oxidation, but further investigations are needed to elucidate the actual role of graphenes and to propose reaction mechanisms.     

Enzyme mimics of spinel-type CoxNi1−xFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial for eletroctrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide

A series of spinel-type Co_xNi_1−xFe₂O₄ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) magnetic nanomaterials were solvothermally synthesized as enzyme mimics for the eletroctrocatalytic oxidation of H₂O₂. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were employed to characterize the composition, structure and morphology of the material. The electrochemical properties of spinel-type Co_xNi_1−xFe₂O₄ with different (Co/Ni) molar ratio toward H₂O₂ oxidation were investigated, and the results demonstrated that Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄ modified carbon paste electrode (Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄/CPE) possessed the best electrocatalytic activity for H₂O₂ oxidation. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve for H₂O₂ determination on Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄/CPE was linear in a wide range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁸–1.0 × 10⁻³ M with low detection limit of 3.0 × 10⁻⁹ M (S/N = 3). The proposed Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄/CPE was also applied to the determination of H₂O₂ in commercial toothpastes with satisfactory results, indicating that Co_xNi_1−xFe₂O₄ is a promising hydrogen peroxidase mimics for the detection of H₂O₂.     

Silica supported nanopalladium prepared by hydrazine reduction

Palladium catalysts (1–10 wt.% Pd) supported on silica were prepared by hydrazine reduction of palladium chloride at room temperature. They were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, H₂-adsorption, and H₂-TPD and tested in the gas phase hydrogenation of benzene in the temperature range 75–250 °C. A conventional catalyst (1 wt.% Pd) obtained by calcination then hydrogen reduction of the same metal precursor was studied for comparison. Metal particles with a size range 6.8–28.4 nm were obtained. Dispersion, hydrogen storage and activity in benzene hydrogenation increased with decreasing particle size. In comparison, the classical catalyst was found much more dispersed (mean particle size of 1.6 nm) and more active (specific rate 1.6–3.7 times higher) than the homolog hydrazine catalyst. However, unexpectedly, turnover frequency (TOF) calculations indicated a greater reactivity of the metal surface atoms for the hydrazine catalyst. It also stored more hydrogen. These contrasting results are discussed in relation with the metal particle morphology.     

Spatially selected synthesis of LaF3 and Er-doped CaF2 crystals in oxyfluoride glasses by laser-induced crystallization

Oxyfluoride glasses with a small amount of NiO are prepared using a conventional melt quenching technique, and the spatially selected crystallization of LaF₃ and CaF₂ crystals is induced on the glass surface by irradiations of continuous wave lasers with a wavelength of λ=1064 or 1080 nm. Dots and lines including LaF₃ crystals are patterned by heat-assisted (300 °C) laser irradiations (λ=1064 nm) with a power of P=1 W and an irradiation time of 10 s for dots and a scanning speed of S=5 μm/s for lines. Lines consisting of CaF₂ crystals are also patterned in an ErF₃-doped oxyfluoride glass by laser irradiations (λ=1080 nm) with a power of P=1.7 W and a scanning speed of S=2 μm/s, and the incorporation of Er³⁺ ions into CaF₂ crystals is confirmed from micro-photoluminescence spectrum measurements. It is proposed that the lines patterned by laser irradiations in this study are consisted of the composite of LaF₃ or CaF₂ nanocrystals and SiO₂-based oxide glassy phase. It is demonstrated that a combination of Ni²⁺-dopings and laser irradiations is effective in spatially selected local crystallizations of fluorides in oxyfluoride glasses.     

Hydrogenation of CO2 Promoted by Silicon-Activated H2S: Origin and Implications

Unlike the usual method of CO_x (x = 1, 2) hydrogenation using H₂ directly, H₂S and HSiSH (silicon-activated H₂S) were selected as alternative hydrogen sources in this study for the CO_x hydrogenation reactions. Our results suggest that it is kinetically infeasible for hydrogen in the form of H₂S to transfer to CO_x at low temperatures. However, when HSiSH is employed instead, the title reaction can be achieved. For this approach, the activation of CO₂ is initiated by its interaction with the HSiSH molecule, a reactive species with both a hydridic H^δ− and protonic H^δ+. These active hydrogens are responsible for the successive C-end and O-end activations of CO₂ and hence the final product (HCOOH). This finding represents a good example of an indirect hydrogen source used in CO₂ hydrogenation through reactivity tuned by silicon incorporation, and thus the underlying mechanism will be valuable for the design of similar reactions.     

H2在K0-MWCNTs上储存和吸附/脱附特性研究

利用高压容积法辅以卸压升温脱附排水法, 测定金属K修饰多壁碳纳米管对H₂的吸附储存容量. 结果表明, 在室温(25 ℃), 7.25 MPa实验条件下, x%K⁰-MWCNTs (x%＝30%～35%, 质量百分数)对H₂的吸附储存容量可达3.80 wt%(质量百分数), 是相同条件下单纯MWCNTs氢吸附储量的2.5倍; 室温下卸至常压的脱附氢量为3.36 wt%(占总吸附氢量的～88%), 后续升温至673 K的脱附氢量为0.41 wt%(占总吸附氢量的～11%). 利用LRS和H₂-TPD-GC/MS等谱学方法对H₂/K⁰-MWCNTs吸附体系的表征研究表明, H₂在K⁰-MWCNTs上吸附存在非解离 (即分子态)和解离(即原子态)两种吸附态; 在≤723 K温度下, H₂/K⁰-MWCNTs体系的脱附产物几乎全为H₂气; 723 K以上高温脱附产物不仅含H₂, 也含有CH₄, C₂H₄和C₂H₂等C₁/C₂-烃.     

Water molecule-enhanced CO2 insertion in lanthanide coordination polymers

Two new lanthanide coordination polymers H₂N(CH₃)₂·[Eu^III₂(L₁)₃(L₂)] (1, L₁=isophthalic acid dianion, L₂=formic acid anion) and [La^III(2,5-PDC)(L₂)](2, 2,5-PDC=2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate dianion) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. It is of interest that the formic ligand (L₂) is not contained in the stating materials, but arises from the water molecule-enhanced CO₂ insertion during the solvothermal process. Both of the two compounds exhibit complicated three dimensional sandwich-like frameworks.     

Structural analysis of La-Mg-Ni-based new hydrogen storage alloy

The structural analysis of new hydrogen storage alloys, La₅Mg₂Ni₂₃ and La₃MgNi₁₄, was performed using HRTEM. As a result, these ternary system alloys were found to be mainly composed of stacked RNi₅ (CaCu₅ type) and R₂Ni₄ (Laves type) structure subunits in a superstructure arrangement. La₅Mg₂Ni₂₃ alloy is composed of the primitive cell of three LaNi₅ units and the primitive cell of two La₂Mg₂Ni₄ units. La₃MgNi₁₄ alloy is composed of four LaNi₅ and two La₂Mg₂Ni₄ unit cells.     

K2B12F12: A rare A2X structure for an ionic compound at ambient conditions

The anhydrous salt K₂B₁₂F₁₂ crystallized from aqueous solution and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ni₂In-type structure it exhibits is rare for an A₂X ionic compound at 25 °C and 1 atm., consisting of an expanded hexagonal close-packed array of B₁₂F₁₂²⁻ centroids (cent?cent distances: 7.204-8.236 Å) with half of the K⁺ ions filling all of the O_h holes and half of the K⁺ ions filling all of the D_3h trigonal holes in the close-packed layers that are midway between two “empty” T_d holes. The structure is also unusual in that the bond-valence sum for the K⁺ ions in O_h holes is less than or equal to 0.73 (the bond-valence sum for the other type of K⁺ ion is 1.16). A variation of the Ni₂In structure is exhibited by the previously published monohydrate Cs₂(H₂O)B₁₂F₁₂, for which an improved structure is also reported here. For K₂B₁₂F₁₂: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 8.2072(8), b = 14.2818(7), c = 11.3441(9) Å, β = 92.832(5)°, Z = 4, T = 120(2) K. For Cs₂(H₂O)B₁₂F₁₂: orthorhombic, P2₁2₁2₁, a = 9.7475(4), b = 10.2579(4), c = 15.0549(5) Å, Z = 4, T = 110(1) K.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.     

Syntheses, crystal structures and Raman spectra of Ba(BF4)(PF6), Ba(BF4)(AsF6) and Ba2(BF4)2(AsF6)(H3F4); the first examples of metal salts containing simultaneously tetrahedral BF4 and octahedral AF6 anions

In the system BaF₂/BF₃/PF₅/anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) a compound Ba(BF₄)(PF₆) was isolated and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction on the single crystal. Ba(BF₄)(PF₆) crystallizes in a hexagonal space group with a=10.2251(4) Å, c=6.1535(4) Å, V=557.17(5) Å³ at 200 K, and Z=3. Both crystallographically independent Ba atoms possess coordination polyhedra in the shape of tri-capped trigonal prisms, which include F atoms from BF₄⁻ and PF₆⁻ anions. In the analogous system with AsF₅ instead of PF₅ the compound Ba(BF₄)(AsF₆) was isolated and characterized. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic Pnma space group with a=10.415(2) Å, b=6.325(3) Å, c=11.8297(17) Å, V=779.3(4) Å³ at 200 K, and Z=4. The coordination around Ba atom is in the shape of slightly distorted tri-capped trigonal prism which includes five F atoms from AsF₆⁻ and four F atoms from BF₄⁻ anions. When the system BaF₂/BF₃/AsF₅/aHF is made basic with an extra addition of BaF₂, the compound Ba₂(BF₄)₂(AsF₆)(H₃F₄) was obtained. It crystallizes in a hexagonal P6₃/mmc space group with a=6.8709(9) Å, c=17.327(8) Å, V=708.4(4) Å³ at 200 K, and Z=2. The barium environment in the shape of tetra-capped distorted trigonal prism involves 10 F atoms from four BF₄⁻, three AsF₆⁻ and three H₃F₄⁻ anions. All F atoms, except the central atom in H₃F₄ moiety, act as μ₂-bridges yielding a complex 3-D structural network.     

纳米多孔Ni、Ni3S2/Ni复合电极的制备及其电催化析氢性能

采用脱合金化和水热合成的方法制备纳米多孔Ni和纳米多孔Ni₃S₂/Ni复合电极。通过N₂吸附-脱附测试、XRD、SEM、TEM等方法表征电极的孔径分布、物相和微观结构。在1 mol·L^-1的NaOH溶液中,运用线性扫描伏安（LSV）曲线、交流阻抗（EIS）谱图、恒电流电解法等测试电极的电催化析氢性能。结果表明：在电流密度为50 mA·cm^-2时,与纳米多孔Ni相比,Ni₃S₂/Ni合金具有更低的析氢过电位以及更高的析氢活性,同时纳米多孔Ni₃S₂/Ni复合电极具有更低表观活化能和电子转移阻抗,进一步明确了过渡金属硫化物对电催化析氢性能的特殊贡献。     

纳米多孔Ni、Ni3S2/Ni复合电极的制备及其电催化析氢性能

采用脱合金化和水热合成的方法制备纳米多孔Ni和纳米多孔Ni₃S₂/Ni复合电极。通过N2吸附-脱附测试、XRD、SEM、TEM等方法表征电极的孔径分布、物相和微观结构。在1 mol·L^-1的NaOH溶液中,运用线性扫描伏安(LSV)曲线、交流阻抗(EIS)谱图、恒电流电解法等测试电极的电催化析氢性能。结果表明:在电流密度为50 mA·cm^-2时,与纳米多孔Ni相比,Ni₃S₂/Ni合金具有更低的析氢过电位以及更高的析氢活性,同时纳米多孔Ni₃S₂/Ni复合电极具有更低表观活化能和电子转移阻抗,进一步明确了过渡金属硫化物对电催化析氢性能的特殊贡献。     

Investigations on the local angular distortions and the spin-Hamiltonian parameters for Ni in sulfides

The local angular distortions and the spin-Hamiltonian parameters (the g factors and the hyperfine parameters) for Ni⁺ in ABS₂ (ACu, Ag; BAl, Ga) ternary sulfides are theoretically investigated from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for 3d⁹ ions in a tetragonally distorted tetrahedron. In view of the strong covalency of such systems, the ligand orbital and spin–orbit coupling contributions are taken into account using the cluster approach. The local impurity-ligand bond angles in the Ni⁺ centers are found to be about 1.4–4.5° smaller than those of the host monovalent A sites in the pure crystals, due to size mismatching substitution. As a result, the ligand tetrahedra exhibit slight elongation in CuBS₂:Ni⁺ and slight compression in AgGaS₂:Ni⁺. The calculated spin-Hamiltonian parameters, optical transitions and the relative intensity ratios show reasonable agreement with the experimental data.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr5(As2O7)2(AsO3OH)

The new compound Sr₅(As₂O₇)₂(AsO₃OH) was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. It represents a previously unknown structure type and belongs to a group of a few compounds in the system SrO-As₂O₅-H₂O; (As₂O₇)⁴⁻ besides (AsO₃OH)²⁻ groups have not been described yet. The crystal structure of Sr₅(As₂O₇)₂(AsO₃OH) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (space group P2₁/n, a=7.146(1), b=7.142(1), , β=93.67(3)°, , Z=4). One of the five symmetrically unique Sr atoms is in a trigonal antiprismatic (Inorg. Chem. 35 (1996) 4708)—coordination, whereas the other Sr atoms adopt the commonly observed (“Collect” data collection software, Delft, The Netherlands, 1999; Methods Enzymol. 276 (1997) 307)—coordination. The position of the hydrogen atom was located in a difference Fourier map and subsequently refined with an isotropic displacement parameter. Worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length O_h-H?O(1) of 2.494(4) Å; it belongs to the shortest known examples where the donor and acceptor atoms are crystallographically different. This hydrogen bond was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. In addition, Raman spectra were collected in order to study the arsenate groups.     

H2-induced CO adsorption and dissociation over Co/Al2O3 catalyst

The activation of adsorbed CO is an important step in CO hydrogenation. The results from TPSR of pre-adsorbed CO with H2 and syngas suggested that the presence of H2 increased the amount of CO adsorption and accelerated CO dissociation. The H2 was adsorbed first, and activated to form H＊ over metal sites, then reacted with carbonaceous species. The oxygen species for CO2 formation in the presence of hydrogen was mostly OH^＊, which reacted with adsorbed CO subsequently via CO^＊＋OH^＊ → CO2^＊＋H^＊; however, the direct CO dissociation was not excluded in CO hydrogenation. The dissociation of C-O bond in the presence of H2 proceeded by a concerted mechanism, which assisted the Boudourd reaction of adsorbed CO on the surface via CO^＊＋2H^＊ → CH^＊＋OH^＊. The formation of the surface species （CH） from adsorbed CO proceeded as indicated with the participation of surface hydrogen, was favored in the initial step of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.