Unusual Racemization of Tertiary P-Chiral Ferrocenyl Phosphines

Tertiary phosphines are generally known to withstand inversion under moderate conditions. In this work, a remarkable racemization process of three P-chiral ferrocenyl phosphines is reported. Subjected to conventional column chromatography as highly enantioenriched compounds, they greatly experienced racemization when collected at the column outlet within minutes. Initially, attention was drawn to this unusual inversion behavior after observing that the superb enantiomeric excess of these ligands (>95 % ee in all cases) was almost lost in their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes. Successively excluding possible racemization causes, these P-chiral ferrocenyl phosphines were found to undergo a significant, acid-catalyzed racemization process at room temperature within a few minutes. This process is mainly observed during standard column chromatography by using conventional silica or alumina, but can also be triggered deliberately by addition of certain acids. Therefore, the stereochemical preservation of P-chiral phosphines during their purification may per se not always be guaranteed, since column chromatography is the most frequently used technique for purifying such types of compounds.     

Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkynyl and Styrenyl Chlorides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents in Batch and Flow

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry can be regarded as one of the most powerful protocols to construct carbon–carbon bonds. While the field is still dominated by palladium catalysis, there is an increasing interest to develop protocols that utilize cheaper and more sustainable metal sources. Herein, we report a selective, practical, and fast iron-based cross-coupling reaction that enables the formation of Csp−Csp³ and Csp²−Csp³ bonds. In a telescoped flow process, the reaction can be combined with the Grignard reagent synthesis. Moreover, flow allows the use of a supporting ligand to be avoided without eroding the reaction selectivity.     

对甲基苯甲醛的Grignard试剂合成法

二甲基苯并咪唑盐;对甲基苯甲醛的Grignard试剂合成法     

Exploiting the Brønsted Acidity of Phosphinecarboxamides for the Synthesis of New Phosphides and Phosphines

We demonstrate that the synthesis of new N‐functionalized phosphinecarboxamides is possible by reaction of primary and secondary amines with PCO^? in the presence of a proton source. These reactions proceed with varying degrees of success, and although primary amines generally afford the corresponding phosphinecarboxamides in good yields, secondary amines react more sluggishly and often give rise to significant decomposition of the 2‐phosphaethynolate precursor. Of the new N‐derivatized phosphinecarboxamides available, PH₂C(O)NHCy (Cy=cyclohexyl) can be obtained in sufficiently high yields to allow for the exploration of its Brønsted acidity. Thus, deprotonating PH₂C(O)NHCy with one equivalent of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS) gave the new phosphide [PHC(O)NHCy]^?. In contrast, deprotonation with half of an equivalent gives rise to [P{C(O)NHCy}₂]^? and PH₃. These phosphides can be employed to give new phosphines by reactions with electrophiles, thus demonstrating their enormous potential as chemical building blocks.     

氯化铜催化偶联合成4-烷基联苯

4-烷基联苯是重要的液晶中间体. 以氯化铜为C—C键偶联反应催化剂, 经过对溴联苯的Grignard试剂直接与溴代烷烃发生偶联反应, 成功合成了一系列4-烷基联苯类化合物, 部分化合物产率高达91%左右, 并对其反应条件进行了初步研究; 所合成化合物结构都经过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱鉴定. 与现有方法相比, 此合成方法收率高、环境友好、成本相对较低.     

Iron‐catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Propargyl Carboxylates and Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of Substituted Allenes

Presented herein is a mild, facile, and efficient iron‐catalyzed synthesis of substituted allenes from propargyl carboxylates and Grignard reagents. Only 1–5 mol % of the inexpensive and environmentally benign [Fe(acac)₃] at ?20 °C was sufficient to afford a broad range of substituted allenes in excellent yields. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups.     

In Situ Grignard Metalation Method for the Synthesis of Hauser Bases

The in situ Grignard Metalation Method (iGMM) is a straightforward one-pot procedure to quickly produce multigram amounts of Hauser bases R₂N-MgBr which are valuable and vastly used metalation reagents and novel electrolytes for magnesium batteries. During addition of bromoethane to a suspension of Mg metal and secondary amine at room temperature in an ethereal solvent, a smooth reaction yields R₂N-MgBr under evolution of ethane within a few hours. A Schlenk equilibrium is operative, interconverting the Hauser bases into their solvated homoleptic congeners Mg(NR₂)₂ and MgBr₂ depending on the solvent. Scope and preconditions are studied, and side reactions limiting the yield have been investigated. DOSY NMR experiments and X-ray crystal structures of characteristic examples clarify aggregation in solution and the solid state.     

利用Grignard试剂的甲酰化反应合成对甲氧基苯甲醚

二取代苯并咪唑盐;利用Grignard试剂的甲酰化反应合成对甲氧基苯甲醚     

焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的E-环格氏反应及其脱氧衍生物的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯及其3-甲酰甲基为起始原料,通过与直链烷基溴化镁或者环烷基溴化镁进行格氏反应,将131-位羰基转化为烷羟基,经脱水在E-环形成环外碳碳双键,完成单(双)烷亚甲基取代的131-脱氧焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物的合成,并且讨论了格氏反应的立体化学.所合成的新化合物均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构.     

Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Functionalized Phenols by Aerobic Oxidation of Grignard Reagents

Phenols are important compounds in chemical industry. An economical and green approach to phenol preparation by the direct oxidation of aryl Grignard reagents using compressed air in continuous gas‐liquid segmented flow systems is described. The process tolerates a broad range of functional groups, including oxidation‐sensitive functionalities such as alkenes, amines, and thioethers. By integrating a benzyne‐mediated in‐line generation of arylmagnesium intermediates with the aerobic oxidation, a facile three‐step, one‐flow process, capable of preparing 2‐functionalized phenols in a modular fashion, is established.     

Synthesis,Structure and Nickel Carbonyl Complexes of Dialkylterphenyl Phosphines

The experimental and computational characterization of a series of dialkylterphenyl phosphines, PR₂Ar′ is described. The new P-donors comprise five compounds of general formula PR₂Ar (R=Me, Et, iPr, c-C₅H₉ and c-C₆H₁₁); Ar = 2,6-C₆H₃-(3,5-C₆H₃-(CMe₃)₂)₂), and another five PR₂Ar′ phosphines containing the bulky alkyl groups iPr, c-C₅H₉ or c-C₆H₁₁, in combination with Ar′=Ar , Ar , or Ar ( L1 – L10 ). Steric and electronic parameters have been determined computationally and from IR and X-ray data obtained for the phosphines and for some derivatives, including tricarbonyl and dicarbonyl nickel complexes, Ni(CO)₃(PR₂Ar′) and Ni(CO)₂(PR₂Ar′). In the solid state, the free phosphines PR₂Ar′ adopt one of the three possible structures formally related by rotation around the C_ipso−P bond. Details on their relative energies and on the influence of the free phosphine structure on its coordination chemistry towards Ni(CO)_n (n = 2, 3) fragments has been obtained by experimental and computational methods.     

Pd催化交叉偶联P-C键形成反应

近30年来,Pd催化交叉偶联形成P-C键的反应在药物、催化剂配体、阻燃剂和高分子材料等领域受到普遍重视。本文介绍了Pd催化交叉偶联反应形成P-C键的方法,以及利用该法制备有机膦化合物的研究进展。作为反应底物的磷亲核试剂包括亚磷酸二烷基酯、亚膦酸酯、次膦酸酯、氧化膦、伯或仲膦、三芳基膦、亚磷酸三烷基酯、膦-硅(锡)化合物和膦-硼烷复合物等,参与偶联反应的亲电试剂包括卤代烯烃、卤代芳烃、三氟甲磺酸烯基酯、三氟甲磺酸芳基酯、乙烯基硼酸酯等,并对反应机理、反应条件和反应的影响因素进行了探讨。     

Heavy Grignard reagents: challenges and possibilities of aryl alkaline earth metal compounds

Compounds of the type aryl--M--X, with M=Ca, Sr, Ba and X as any kind of ligand (such as halide, phosphanide, amide, aryl), are presented. The low reactivity of the heavy alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium, and barium enforces an activation prior to use for the direct synthesis. The insertion of these metals into C--I bonds of aryl iodides (direct synthesis) yields aryl metal iodides and has to be performed at low temperatures and in THF. Aryl alkaline-earth-metal compounds show some characteristics: 1) the ease of ether cleavage enforces low reaction temperatures, 2) for Sr and Ba the Schlenk equilibrium is shifted towards homoleptic MI2 and MPh2, 3) high solubility of diaryl alkaline-earth-metal derivatives in THF even at low temperatures initiated quantum chemical investigations on the aggregation behavior, and 4) a strong low field shift of the 13C resonances of the ipso carbon atoms in NMR spectra was observed. First results from quantum chemical calculations on diaryl dicalcium(I) suggest a long Ca--Ca bond with a considerable Ca--Ca bond dissociation energy. Initial results on a selection of applications such as metallation, metathesis, and addition reactions of aryl calcium compounds are presented as well.     

Hunting for the Magnesium(I) Species: Formation, Structure, and Reactivity of some Donor-Free Grignard Compounds

Magnesium bromide radicals have to be prepared as high-temperature molecules and trapped as a metastable solution because a seemingly simple reduction of donor-free Grignard compounds failed. However, the essential role of magnesium(I) species during the formation of Grignard compounds could be demonstrated experimentally.