梯度算子选择对基于梯度的亚像素位移算法的影响

基于梯度的亚像素位移算法中不同的灰度梯度计算方法对计算结果的影响进行了研究,列出了几种常用灰度梯度计算方法,并用对相邻5像素点的离散灰度进行三次样条插值的方法推导出两种灰度梯度算子。然后对计算机模拟生成的散斑图像对用各种梯度算子计算得出的亚像素位移与预先设定的真实值做了比较,给出了相应的均值误差和均值相对误差。最后的真实试件的刚体平移和单向拉伸实验结果表明,Barron算子是所列的几种梯度算法中最为精确、稳定的梯度算子。     

光显示与显示器件

以CCD(电荷藕合器件)采集阵列像素器件的局部投影图像为基础,试验和分析了梯度算子、拉普拉斯算子、Sobd算子、Prewitt算子、方差函数和嫡函数评价方法在阵列像素器件大屏幕投影显示系统中自动对焦的作用及性能。实验表明,方差算子具有良好的稳定性和对噪声的不敏感性,调节效果较好,可以作为     

阵列像素器件投影显示系统中自动对焦评价函数研究

数字投影显示已成为现代数字显示领域的主流,阵列像素器件投影成像的的精确会聚,直接决定了显示的效果。阵列像素器件的自动对焦,是实现生产自动化的关键技术。以CCD(电荷耦合器件)采集阵列像素器件的局部投影图像为基础,试验和分析了梯度算子、拉普拉斯算子、Sobel算子、Prewitt算子、方差函数和熵函数评价方法在阵列像素器件大屏幕投影显示系统中自动对焦的作用及性能。实验表明,方差算子具有良好的稳定性和对噪声的不敏感性,调节效果较好,可以作为这一特殊系统中的评价方法。     

共轭梯度算法在画幅式层析成像光谱仪中的应用

介绍了画幅式层析成像光谱仪的基本原理及共轭梯度算法,解决了共轭梯度法在实际应用中的几个问题,如图像分割,先验算子的引入.通过对实际数据的计算,得到了95×95的像素,28个波段的数据立方体.实际证明本算法及程序在层析成像光谱仪上的应用是成功的.     

一种新的各向异性扩散红外噪声实时抑制算法

提出一种基于各向异性扩散偏微分方程的红外图像噪声抑制算法.通过将形态学处理和红外图像局部特征相结合,建立了一种新的扩散系数.该系数利用形态学膨胀腐蚀操作获取梯度算子,改善了Perona-Malik(P-M)梯度算子对噪声的敏感性,实现了均匀区域扩散增强且边缘细节区域扩散减弱的目的.算法已在EVM-DM642硬件平台上实时运行,实验表明:它在有效平滑噪声的同时较好的保持了图像边缘细节信息.     

基于改进梯度幅值的包装缺陷检测算法研究及应用

针对包装质量检测精度易受外界光照影响的问题，在已有基于梯度幅值相似性的缺陷检测算法基础上，将局部二值模式算子引入到该算法中，提出了一种基于改进梯度幅值相似性的缺陷检测算法。该算法利用局部二值模式算子的旋转不变性和灰度不变性的特点，并将其与图像的梯度幅值特征进行融合后用于包装的缺陷检测中，提升了缺陷检测算法对光照的鲁棒性。实验结果表明，相比传统梯度幅值缺陷检测算法，该算法具有更好的抗光照影响能力，并且对于不同光照情况下的包装缺陷，该算法的检测准确率可达96.57%。因而，该算法能够被广泛地用于包装缺陷检测中，提高缺陷检测的精度。     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(Ⅲ)HVH定理与费米能量

在扩展的同位旋相关的Brueckner-Hartree-Fock理论框架内,在整个同位旋自由度范围内研究了质量算子的空穴线展开中不同等级近似下非对称核物质中Hugenholtz-Van Hove定理的满足程度,并计算了中子和质子的费米能量.结果表明为了使Hugenholtz-Van Hove定理达到令人满意的满足程度,需要同时考虑质量算子中的重排贡献和重正修正,从而指出了基态关联对于非对称核物质中单粒子性质的重要性.     

基于离散Morse理论的散乱点云特征提取

为了有效提取散乱点云上的特征点,针对现有点云特征提取算法采用全局统一的特征度量阈值易造成特征误判、漏判及需要多次人工调参的问题,基于离散Morse理论,提出一种自适应的特征提取算法。首先,采用基于局部邻域的协方差分析计算每个数据点的特征度量,标定潜在特征点。然后将潜在特征点与其邻域点在主方向上所形成的夹角平均值作为局部特征检测算子,利用该算子计算该点的离散梯度;最后,构建每个潜在特征点局部邻域内的Voronoi图,利用线性插值法计算离散点所在泰森多边形所有顶点的梯度构建离散梯度向量域,将离散梯度向量域中的梯度极值点判定为特征点。为提高算法的稳健性和抗噪能力,将离散梯度计算扩展到多尺度上,将邻域大小作为离散的尺度参数,多尺度地对一点进行判定。实验结果表明,该方法简单、稳健性好,不依赖于特征的尖锐程度,能在有效提取较尖锐特征的同时,尽可能多地保留较平滑特征。当噪声为0.03 dB时,可以有效地提取点云特征,而当噪声为0.05 dB时,尽管存在个别特征点消失的情况,但整体上显著特征点能够得到较好地提取,效果令人满意。     

波动方程深度偏移的局部裂步Fourier传播算子

针对裂步Fourier传播算子在速度强横向变化介质中的不足,将算子的框架展开方法应用于Fourier传播算子中的相移算子,提出了一种波场传播的局部裂步Fourier传播算子,并把它应用于波动方程叠前深度偏移成像.这个局部裂步Fourier传播算子是由相空间(空间-波数)-频率域的相移算子和空间-频率域的窗口时移算子两部分组成.与波数-频率域的空间全局性相移算子不同,相空间-频率域的相移算子具有很好的空间局部性.通过在国际标准的SEG-EAGE二维盐丘模型的波动方程叠前深度偏移成像数值试验,证明局部Fourier传播算子不仅具有很好的稳定性,而且还特别适用于速度强横向变化介质.     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(III)HVH定理与费米能量

在扩展的同位旋相关的Brueckner—Hartree—Fock理论框架内,在整个同位旋自由度范围内研究了质量算子的空穴线展开中不同等级近似下非对称核物质中Hugenholtz—Van Hove定理的满足程度,并计算了中子和质子的费米能量.结果表明为了使Hugenholtz-Van Hove定理达到令人满意的满足程度,需要同时考虑质量算子中的重排贡献和重正修正,从而指出了基态关联对于非对称核物质中单粒子性质的重要性.     

Generalization of the spherical harmonic method to radiative transfer in multi-dimensional space

The basic radiative transfer equation in three-dimensional space is expressed in terms of three commonly used coordinate systems, namely, Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. The concept of a transformation matrix is applied to the transformation processes between the Cartesian system and two other systems. The spherical harmonic method is then applied to decompose the radiative transfer equation into a set of coupled partial differential equations for all three systems in terms of partial differential operators. By truncating the number of partial differential equations into four along with further mathematical analyses, we obtain a modified Helmholtz equation. For each coordinate system, analytical solutions in terms of infinite series are obtained whenever the equation is solvable by the technique of separation of variables with proper boundary conditions. Numerical computations are carried out for one dimensional radiative transfer to illustrate the applicability of the technique developed in the present study.     

坐标算符本征矢的表示与不对称投影算符的积分

借助于粒子数算符的本征态和坐标算符函数的本征方程,把坐标算符的本征矢〈f(x)|表示为一个算符对坐标本征矢〈x|的作用.由此,把不对称的坐标投影算符转换为对称的坐标投影算符,再利用坐标本征矢的完备性,给出不对称坐标投影算符的积分. 关键词： 本征矢 算符的积分 本征方程 完备性     

Arbitrary direction incident Gaussian beam scattering by multispheres

Based on spherical vector wave functions and their coordinate rotation theory,the field of a Gaussian beam in terms of the spherical vector wave functions in an arbitrary unparallel Cartesian coordinate system is expanded.The beam shape coefficient and its convergence property are discussed in detail.Scattering of an arbitrary direction Gaussian beam by multiple homogeneous isotropic spheres is investigated.The effects of beam waist width,sphere separation distance,sphere number,beam centre positioning,and incident angle for a Gaussian beam with two polarization modes incident on various shaped sphere clusters are numerically studied.Moreover,the scattering characteristics of two kinds of shaped red blood cells illuminated by an arbitrary direction incident Gaussian beam with two polarization modes are investigated.Our results are expected to provide useful insights into particle sizing and the measurement of the scattering characteristics of blood corpuscle particles with laser diagnostic techniques.     

Conformal field theory of composite fermions

We show that the quantum Hall wave functions for the ground states in the Jain series nu=n/(2np+1) can be exactly expressed in terms of correlation functions of local vertex operators Vn corresponding to composite fermions in the nth composite-fermion (CF) Landau level. This allows for the powerful mathematics of conformal field theory to be applied to the successful CF phenomenology. Quasiparticle and quasihole states are expressed as correlators of anyonic operators with fractional (local) charge, allowing a simple algebraic understanding of their topological properties that are not manifest in the CF wave functions. Moreover, our construction shows how the states in the nu=n/(2np+1) Jain sequence may be interpreted as condensates of quasiparticles.     

Statistical mechanics of nonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuations

The paper studies nonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuations by the methods of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The generalized Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function of coarse-grained densities of conserved quantities is derived from the Liouville equation and then is investigated by using the gradient expansions in the flux correlation matrix. We have obtained the functional-differential Fokker-Planck equation describing the nonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuations in spatially nonuniform systems to second order in gradients of coarse-grained fluctuating fields. An outline of the derivation of Fokker-Planck equations containing the Burnett terms is also given. The explicit coordinate representation for the hydrodynamic Fokker-Planck equation is discussed in the case of one-component simple fluid. The general scheme of a change of coarse-grained functional variables is developed for hydrodynamic Fokker-Planck equations. The corresponding transformation rules are found for “drift” terms, “diffusion coefficients” and thermodynamic forces. The dynamical equations and stationary conditions for averages of functions (functionals) of hydrodynamic fields are discussed by using the Fokker-Planck operators acting on such functions. The explicit form of these operators are found for various sets of fluctuating fields. As an application of the formalism the calculation of the stationary correlation functions is presented for a simple nonequilibrium steady state.     

On the relation between the interacting boson model of Arima and Iachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson

The generator coordinate method is used to relate the interacting boson model of Arima and Iachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson through an isometric transformation. It associates complex parameters to the original boson operators whereas the ultimate collective variables are real. The absolute squares of the collective wave functions can be given a direct probability interpretation. The lowest order Bohr-Mottelson hamiltonian is obtained in the harmonic approximation to the interacting boson model; anharmonic coupling terms render the collective potential to be velocity-dependent.     

On the relation between the interacting boson model of Arima and Iachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson. II

The generator coordinate method is used to relate the interacting boson model of Arima and lachello and the collective model of Bohr and Mottelson through an isometric transformation. It associates complex parameters to the original boson operators whereas the ultimate collective variables are real. The absolute squares of the collective wave functions can be given a direct probability interpretation. The lowest order Bohr-Mottelson hamiltonian is obtained in the harmonic approximation to the interacting boson model; unharmonic coupling terms render the collective potential to be velocity dependent. The mapping of operators of the interacting boson model onto those of the Bohr-Mottelson model turns out to be of Holstein-Primakoff type.     

On the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states

The following model is discussed: A charged particle is bound by some potential to the origin of a coordinate system in three-dimensional space, while a shielded magnetic flux threads an axis through the origin, thus producing an Aharonov-Bohm effect. The Hamiltonian, boundary conditions, wave functions, and energy levels for this model are derived, and in particular the properties of the operators of kinetic angular momentum are discussed. The results obtained shed new light on some more general questions pertaining to boundary conditions and to the theory of angular momentum.     

Exact solutions of the Klein—Gordon equation with ring-shaped oscillator potential by using the Laplace integral transform

We present exact solutions for the Klein-Gordon equation with a ring-shaped oscillator potential. The energy eigenvalues and the normalized wave functions are obtained for a particle in the presence of non-central oscillator potential. The angular functions are expressed in terms of the hypergeometric functions. The radial eigenfunctions have been obtained by using the Laplace integral transform. By means of the Laplace transform method, which is efficient and simple, the radial Klein-Gordon equation is reduced to a first-order differential equation.