绝对辐射计溯源至低温辐射计实验测试

开展了绝对辐射计溯源至低温辐射计的计量技术研究。选用激光作为光源,采用光斑非全覆盖绝对辐射计接收面的辐射功率模式进行校准实验。利用溯源至低温辐射计的陷阱探测器作为标准器定标激光器功率,然后通过替代法将量值传递至绝对辐射计。通过绝对辐射计光阑面积校准,实现激光功率与绝对辐射计测量辐照度的转化。通过对陷阱探测器的校准、绝对辐射计锥腔不同位置空间响应均匀性、锥腔的波长选择性等特性的分析,对实验所用绝对辐射计校准不确定度进行了详细评估,得到的校准不确定度为0.86%(包含因子k=2)。     

溯源至低温辐射计的硅陷阱探测器紫外波段绝对光谱响应度测量

介绍了溯源至低温辐射计的紫外绝对光谱响应度测量装置,对硅陷阱探测器在三个激光波长点进行了绝对光谱响应度校准实验.测量了硅陷阱探测器的空间均匀性和非线性系数,分析了影响测量准确度的各不确定度分量.实验表明:硅陷阱探测器在紫外波段266、325、379 nm三个激光波长点处的绝对光谱响应度测量扩展不确定度分别为0.19％、0.14％、0.11％,可作为紫外波段光辐射功率基准保持和传递的标准探测器,用于提高紫外波段光谱辐射度的校准能力.     

溯源至低温辐射计的硅陷阱探测器紫外波段绝对光谱响应度测量（英文）

介绍了溯源至低温辐射计的紫外绝对光谱响应度测量装置,对硅陷阱探测器在三个激光波长点进行了绝对光谱响应度校准实验.测量了硅陷阱探测器的空间均匀性和非线性系数,分析了影响测量准确度的各不确定度分量.实验表明:硅陷阱探测器在紫外波段266、325、379nm三个激光波长点处的绝对光谱响应度测量扩展不确定度分别为0.19%、0.14%、0.11%,可作为紫外波段光辐射功率基准保持和传递的标准探测器,用于提高紫外波段光谱辐射度的校准能力.     

近红外高精度光辐射标准探测器的实验研究

在594nm和785nm两个波长上,用以低温辐射计标定过的陷阱探测器作为基准,对两个响应未知的陷阱探测器进行了绝对标准的传递。为此建立了一种辐射定标的新型测量光路,估算和分析了在光路调整时影响测量精度的关键环节,其中包括光功率传输效率以及光路色散效应的影响。分析了在传递过程中各主要环节的不确定度,总传递不确定度小于0 045%。     

可见-近红外(488～944 nm)基于低温辐射计的高精度光辐射绝对定标研究

报道了可见-近红外波段(488～944nm)基于低温辐射计的光谱辐射功率定标和标准传递实验和研究,并对测量结果的各个不确定因素进行了测量和分析。首先低温辐射计采用电替代方法测量单个波长激光绝对光功率,测量不确定度低于0．016％。然后利用低温辐射计定标作为标准传递探测器的硅陷阱探测器,从而建立可见-近红外波段陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应率标准,其不确定度小于0．028％。结果证明了在此波段以探测器为基础建立和传递高精度光辐射标准的合理性和可行性。     

基于可调谐激光的光谱辐射照度响应度定标

探测器的光谱辐射照(亮)度响应度是辐射定标中最重要的参数之一。传统的光谱辐射定标采用宽谱段光源和单色仪装置测量,新建的激光辐射测量装置采用激光和探测器测量,可以大大降低测量的不确定度。该装置首先将可调谐激光耦合进入积分球生成均匀的朗伯体单色光源,然后采用低温辐射计量传的标准陷阱探测器和面积已知的光阑,进行400～900 nm探测器的光谱辐射照度响应度标定。研究主要集中在四个方面：(1) 低温辐射计仅在某些分立激光波长定标标准探测器,其他激光波长下的光谱响应度必须进行插值,通过对比光谱响应度直接测量方法推导的陷阱探测器量子吸收效率,可以计算插值在其他波长带来的光谱响应度偏差,结果表明400～900 nm数据插值算法的总体偏差小于0.074%;(2) 实验采用电荷积分法测量标准探测器和被测探测器的电荷信号,并采用监视探测器消除激光功率起伏以降低激光功率稳定性的影响,测量重复性优于0.1%;(3) 针对标准探测器在向低温辐射计溯源和进行光谱辐射照度响应度量传时的激光功率差异,采用激光双光路叠加法测量探测器不同波长下的非线性系数,分析标准探测器光谱非线性带来的测量不确定度,在450,632.8和850 nm波长下,当探测器电流从0.2 mA变到3 nA时的非线性修正小于1.000 25;(4) 针对标准探测器定标时的功率模式和量传时的辐射照度模式差异,采用二维电控位移平台测量探测器的均匀性并进行修正,测量得到的标准探测器中心直径5 mm的非均匀性小于0.03%。最终采用可调谐激光辐射照度响应度测量装置,可以实现400～900 nm辐射照度响应度测量不确定度0.14%～0.074%(k=1)。实验对比了激光辐照度响应度装置和标准灯-单色仪装置两种方法测量的探测器的光谱辐射照度响应度。测量结果表明两种装置在400～900 nm的响应度标定近似等价,测量偏差全部位于标准灯-单色仪装置的测量不确定度范围内, 验证了激光辐照度响应度测量装置的实用性。     

硅陷阱探测器在350—1064 nm波段的绝对光谱响应度定标

介绍了利用钛宝石可调谐激光器、倍频器和单波长激光器作为光源,在24个波长分立点定标了三个硅陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应度,解决了红外激光的精确定位与调整、窗口透过率模拟定标等关键技术.结果显示：在激光波长为412—800nm时,三个陷阱探测器定标的不确定度约低于0.05％;当激光波长大于800nm以及低于355nm时,获得的陷阱探测器的定标不确定度约低于0.065％.硅陷阱探测器可以作为空间各类遥感器在350—1064nm波段定标的传递标准探测器. 关键词： 陷阱探测器 低温辐射计 光谱响应度 辐射定标     

低温辐射计的结构优化方案设计

传统低温辐射计的布儒斯特窗口会对传递探测器的绝对光谱响应率定标产生较大的影响。文中阐述了低温辐射计对传递探测器的传统定标过程;分析定标过程中因布儒斯特窗口及窗口复现导致定标精度降低的原因;提出一种新的定标结构。该结构中低温辐射计和传递探测器安置于同心弧形轨道上,二者通过精密电机的控制可以分时切入定标光路,实现传递探测器相对于低温辐射计的绝对定标。新的定标结构能够完全消除布儒斯特窗口在传递探测器定标过程中的影响,降低测量激光功率约50%的不确定度,可以进一步降低辐射定标溯源基准的不确定度,提高定标的精度。     

基于低温辐射计的InGaAs陷阱探测器高精度光辐射定标研究

介绍了以InGaAs陷阱探测器作为传递探测器,基于低温辐射计的高精度光辐射定标和标准传递实验与研究。在红外(944-1589nm)三个波长初步给出了InGaAs陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率定标结果。InGaAs陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率的联合不确定最大为0.655%,最小为0.026%。     

激光点阵扫描法绝对定标太阳辐射计直射通道研究

利用可调谐激光器作为光源,以溯源于低温绝对辐射计的标准传递探测器作为激光束功率测量探测器,采用激光点阵扫描方法在太阳辐射计有效孔径光阑面形成均匀照度场,精确测量太阳辐射计870 nm无偏直射通道中心波长处绝对辐照度响应度。利用灯-单色仪系统扫描获得该通道相对光谱辐照度响应度,最终在实验室条件下获得该通道绝对光谱辐照度响应度,联合大气层外太阳照度谱数据通道内积分得到该通道大气层外响应常数V₀值,与NASA的GSFC中心的2009年定标结果差异仅为3.75%,定标不确定度达到2.06%,验证了这一新技术的原理可行性。     

Simultaneous dual-wavelength-band common-path swept-source optical coherence tomography with single polygon mirror scanner

We report a novel (to the best of our knowledge) simultaneous 1310/1550 two-wavelength band swept laser source and dual-band common-path swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Synchronized dual-wavelength tuning is performed by using two laser cavities and narrowband wavelength filters with a single dual-window polygonal scanner. Measured average output powers of 60 and 27 mW have been achieved for the 1310 and 1550 nm bands, respectively, while the two wavelengths were swept simultaneously from 1227 to 1387 nm for the 1310 nm band and from 1519 to 1581 nm for the 1550 nm band at an A-scan rate of 65 kHz. Broadband wavelength-division multiplexing is used for coupling two wavelengths into a common-path single-mode GRIN-lensed fiber probe to form dual-band common-path SS-OCT. Simultaneous OCT imaging at 1310 and 1550 nm is achieved. This technique allows for in vivo high-speed OCT imaging with potential application in functional (spectroscopic) investigations.     

Development of filter radiometer based high accurate calibration facility for solar UV meters

A reference filter radiometer based measurement system was established in the laboratory to calibrate solar UV radiometers. Filter radiometer was constructed from three-element silicon photodiode based reflection type trap detector, band-pass filters and precision aperture in a temperature-controlled enclosure. Spectral responsivity of trap detector was determined as traceable to the cryogenic radiometer and electrically calibrated pyroelectric detector. Relative uncertainties in the filter radiometer's responsivities at six wavelengths between 291 nm and 434 nm were calculated. In order to engage this radiometer in various types of implementations, filter(s) having previously known spectral transmittance was used in the radiometer housing. Calibration of solar UV meters can be achived accurately by using the developed system.     

硅陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率校准实验研究

以Ar^＋Kr^＋激光器、He—Ne激光器和半导体泵浦激光器作为光源,利用激光稳功率装置以及闭环机械制冷型低温辐射计,校准了硅陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应率。在硅探测器的光谱响应范围400-1100nm内,选择476．1nm、488nm、514．7nm、521nm、568nm、632．8nm、647．1nm、1064nm共8条谱线进行了实验研究。实验数据表明,绝对光谱响应率的测量不确定度为可见光波段优于0．02％,1064nm波长点优于0．03％。     

Characterization of silicon photodiode-based trap detectors and establishment of spectral responsivity scale

Spectral responsivity scale was established at National Metrology Institute of Turkey (UME) between 350 and 850 nm wavelength ranges. The scale is based on UME made reflection type trap detector consisting of three single element silicon photodiodes. Various measurements systems were established in order to make optical characterization of trap detectors like linearity, polarization sensivity, uniformity and spectral responsivity. The absolute responsivity linked to the absolute optical power was obtained using improved laser stabilization optics and electrical substitution cryogenic radiometer system at discrete laser wavelengths. Using physical models for the trap detectors, reflectance and internal quantum efficiency the scale was realized with an expanded uncertainty of 0.05%.     

Detection and spectral measurement of single photons in communication bands using up-conversion technology

Quantum information systems are commonly operated in conventional communication bands (1310 and 1550 nm) over an optical fiber to take advantage of low transmission loss. However, the detection and spectral measurement of single photons in these communication bands are limited due to high noise and low sensitivity of single photon detectors in the wavelength ranges. To demonstrate high efficiency detection and high sensitivity spectral measurement, we have implemented a single photon detector and a spectrometer based on frequency up-conversion technology. This detector and spectrometer uses a 5-cm periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide and a tunable pump laser around 1550 nm, to convert signal photons around 1310 to 710 nm. The converted photons are then detected by a silicon-based avalanche photodiode (APD). The overall detection efficiency of the single photon detector is as high as 32%, which is three times higher than commercial InGaAs APDs. The sensitivity of the spectrometer is measured to be −126 dBm, which is at least three orders-of-magnitude better than any commercial optical spectrum analyzer in this wavelength range.     

低温辐射计紫外探测器光谱响应度测试技术研究北大核心CSCD

通过研制真空多光路切换组件,结合Y型真空比较通道、探测器真空舱,在保证超高真空环境的前提下,实现激光、紫外连续可调单色光以及真空紫外单色光3个光路的快速切换,从而以低温辐射计为基准,以紫外增强硅陷阱探测器为传递标准,实现波长115 nm~400 nm紫外探测器绝对光谱响应度的测量,实验验证绝对光谱响应度测量不确定度在115 nm~230 nm可达到0.8%~1.5%(k=2),在230 nm~400 nm可达到0.5%~1.0%(k=2)。