基于光纤耦合与相干探测的无损检测方法

提出了一种将空间激光注入光纤与相干探测技术相结合的激光无损检测方法。分析了激光超声信号的传输特征和相干光探测原理,探讨了激光无损检测的信号处理及噪声抑制方法,构建了以激光激励与检测为基础,激光注入与保偏传输为核心,图形化编程语言LabVIEW人机交互为监测手段的实验系统。实验结果表明,该系统能减小背景光的抖动对信号检测的影响;通过控制激光的光斑直径及能量可获得不同超声信号的反射波峰,有效提高了超声回波信号对材料缺陷检测的敏感性和平稳性。检测方法为工程应用提供了新的技术途径。     

共轭对称延拓傅里叶计算全息

提出一种计算全息算法,将物光波进行共轭对称延拓,经快速傅里叶变换直接生成实函数,其中包含物光波的幅度和相位信息,可编码得到灰度全息图.利用此全息图可清晰地再现原物光波.通过共轭延拓生成计算全息图的方法与以往基于干涉的计算全息不同之处在于,这里并不需要模拟物光和参考光的干涉,计算效率很高.利用生成的全息图在数字再现和光电再现实验中均获得了良好的效果.理论推导和实验结果都验证了算法的有效性. 关键词： 计算全息 共轭对称 数字再现 光电再现     

位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测

为借助激光全息进行无损检测，获得位相物体的信息，对位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测进行了研究，指出一般的二次曝光法测位相物体典型光路的缺点，提出了物光波2次通过样品的改进方案。利用此方案对一些位相物体(如普通玻璃和有机玻璃)作了无损检测实验，得到了较满意的实验结果。与普通检测方法相比，该方法具有精度高、结果直接可靠、不损伤物体等诸多优点。对改进方案稍作改动，即可用于塑料制品和玻璃制品生产线对加工产品进行在线产品质量监控。     

象面全息无损检测的实验研究

本文对象面全息无损检测方法进行了实验研究,结果表明该方法可用白光再现;同时,对于小缺陷可进行放大成象,从而提高了对小缺陷的判别精度。     

基于LED光源的数字微镜器件全息显示系统

数字微镜器件(DMD)具有较高的刷新速率和衍射效率,是理想的动态计算全息图加载器件。采用发光二极管(LED)作为光源来代替激光可以有效减少由激光的时间和空间相干性带来的散斑噪声。提出了一种以LED为光源、以DMD为计算全息图承载器的全息显示系统。研究了DMD进行全息显示的调制特性,分析了LED作为再现光源导致像质变差的原因,并用数值仿真的方法验证了LED的相干性和准直度对DMD全息显示系统再现像像质的影响。根据仿真分析结果,采用滤色片和空间滤波器来提高LED的相干性,同时采用非球面准直透镜来改善光的利用效率,最终得到了较好的显示效果。     

基于激光超声的微裂纹检测技术的研究

在固体中利用激光产生超声波 ,可作为超声测量和材料无损检测的一种新方法。介绍了激光超声表面波的产生机理、微裂纹的检测方法及其应用。采用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器、扩束与聚焦透镜组、PZT探头、数据分析仪等器件设计并构建了一套基于接触式检测方法的激光超声微裂纹检测实验系统。通过对大量实验数据进行处理 ,得出了相应的各种关系曲线 ,说明了线光源产生的超声表面波非常适用于材料表面微裂纹的检测     

基于空间光调制器的波面重建优化方法研究

针对不同非球面面形的实时检测需求,研究了基于空间光调制器的标准波面重建技术.基于空间光调制器波面重建的原理设计了干涉测量系统,依据空间光调制器的自身特点选取修正离轴计算全息编码方式实现对标准球波面的编码.针对实验中空间光调制器作为全息再现介质引起重建波面质量下降问题,提出了错位叠加优化方案,并将这一过程进行了模拟实验....     

基于基元全息图空间频谱分析的计算全息参考光角度选择方法

提出了一种基于基元全息图频谱分析的计算全息参考光角度选择方法.通过分析基元全息图的空间频谱成分,导出全息图正确再现需要满足的约束条件;求解了基于空间光调制器的计算全息再现系统的参考光角度取值范围;用N-LUT算法计算了成像距离为1 000mm时,一幅22.5mm×26.1mm的二维图像取不同参考光角度时的全息图,并进行了数字再现和光学再现实验.结果表明:参考光角度在0.893 8°到1.398 0°之间选择可以获得质量良好的再现像;参考光角度小于0.893 8°时,再现像与共轭像不能完全分离,参考光角度大于1.398 0°时,全息图频率过高会造成欠采样,导致再现像与下一级共轭像互相交叠.实验现象与理论分析一致,验证了参考光夹角选择方法的正确性.     

数字全息光电再现中像的大小调整方法的研究

从数字全息光电再现的基本原理出发,分析了数字全息光电再现影像大小和再现距离的关系,推导了计算公式.建立了数字全息光电再现实验系统,用数字微反射镜器件（Digital Micro-mirror Device,DMD）的空间光调制器（Spatial Light Modulator,SLM）对光学记录的头像数字全息图进行了光电再现,并给出了实验结果.     

基于空间光调制器的波面重建优化方法研究

针对不同非球面面形的实时检测需求,研究了基于空间光调制器的标准波面重建技术.基于空间光调制器波面重建的原理设计了干涉测量系统,依据空间光调制器的自身特点选取修正离轴计算全息编码方式实现对标准球波面的编码.针对实验中空间光调制器作为全息再现介质引起重建波面质量下降问题,提出了错位叠加优化方案,并将这一过程进行了模拟实验.结果表明,基于错位叠加方法的重建波面均方差值提高了近4.45倍.研究成果为非球面检测过程中标准波面的获取提供了可靠的理论基础.     

Fast reconstruction of multiple off-axis holograms based on a combination of complex encoding and digital spatial multiplexing

An algorithm is proposed for the fast reconstruction of off-axis digital holograms based on a combination of complex encoding(CE) and spatial multiplexing(SM). In this algorithm, every two off-axis holograms recorded in sequence are first assembled into a CE hologram using the CE method, and then four of the CE holograms are again encoded into one complex spatial multiplexing(CSM) hologram based on the SM algorithm. It is demonstrated that the eight holograms encoded into such one CSM hologram can be quickly reconstructed by performing a two-dimensional(2D) Fourier transform(FT) on the CSM hologram. Using this method, the eight 2D FTs required for the reconstruction of the eight holograms in the conventional spatial filtering methods can be simplified to a process with only one 2D FT, which can largely improve the computation efficiency with the     

An Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm for digital hologram generation using phase-only information and its implementation in a fixed-point digital signal processor

An Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) for digital hologram generation from a digital image using phase-only information is described in this paper. The algorithm is implemented in a Texas Instruments TMS320C64x fixed point digital signal processor (DSP). The holograms are reconstructed in real time using a liquid crystal display system and a He–Ne laser. The ideas described in this paper can be extended to digital hologram generation of three-dimensional objects and their reconstruction in real time using liquid crystal spatial light modulators, which could be a way for 3D-display systems.     

基于液晶空间光调制器的全息显示

在传统的纯相位全息显示系统中, 一般基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法来计算相位全息图, 在FFT的计算中需要遵循Nyquist采样定理, 因此, 重建图像的尺寸往往受限于空间光调制器的固定采样率. 这个限制可以通过卷积算法或者两步菲涅耳衍射算法来解决, 但是需要使用多个FFT的计算, 导致计算量增大. 鉴于此, 提出了一种基于透镜的纯相位全息图计算方法. 在全息图的计算中, 通过透镜的成像原理建立一个采样率可变的虚拟全息面, 通过调节相应的距离参数使得在全息图的计算中可以任意调节原始图像的采样率, 摆脱了传统方法中液晶空间光调制器带宽积对重建图像尺寸的限制, 并且这种算法只需使用一次FFT就能达到变采样率的衍射计算, 大幅提高了全息图的计算速度. 数值模拟及光学实验结果证明了此方法可以在全息显示光学系统中清晰地重建不同尺寸的图像. 同时该系统可以有效地消除由空间光调制器的像素化结构带来的零级衍射.     

X射线激光全息的可见光再现

Ｘ射线激光全息是Ｘ射线激光一个非常重要的应用。本文模拟了Ｇａｂｏｒ全息的记录和再现过程，分析了Ｇａｂｏｒ全息和无透镜傅立叶变换全息用可见光再现过程中再现象的放大率、象差等对再现象的影响，提出了减小象差和获得高分辨再现象的方法，认为无透镜傅立叶变换全息是当前Ｘ射线激光全息的重要记录方式。     

Material damage diagnosis and characterization for turbine rotors using three-dimensional adaptive ultrasonic NDE data reconstruction techniques

Damage diagnosis for turbine rotors plays an essential role in power plant management. Ultrasonic non-destructive examinations (NDEs) have increasingly been utilized as an effective tool to provide comprehensive information for damage diagnosis. This study presents a general methodology of damage diagnosis for turbine rotors using three-dimensional adaptive ultrasonic NDE data reconstruction techniques. Volume reconstruction algorithms and data fusion schemes are proposed to map raw ultrasonic NDE data back to the structural model of the object being examined. The reconstructed volume is used for automatic damage identification and quantification using region-growing algorithms and the method of distance-gain-size. Key reconstruction parameters are discussed and suggested based on industrial experiences. A software tool called AutoNDE Rotor is developed to automate the overall analysis workflow. Effectiveness of the proposed methods and AutoNDE Rotor are explored using realistic ultrasonic NDE data.     

Accurate complex modulation by the iterative spatial cross-modulation method

A method is proposed to realize accurate spatial complex modulation based on the spatial cross-modulation method(SCMM) via a phase-only spatial light modulator. The conventional SCMM cannot achieve high quality reconstruction, especially when the diffusion ratio is small. We propose an iterative algorithm in the calculation of a computer-generated hologram to implement accurate complex modulation. It enables us to generate a high quality reconstruction under a small diffusion ratio. The feasibility of the method is verified by both a numerical simulation and an optical experiment.     

白光再现激光全息照相的实验研究

以光的干涉和衍射为基础,讨论白光再现激光全息照相的原理,设计拍摄不同物体白光再现全息图的光路,探索能成功拍出白光再现反射全息图的条件和方法,并通过实验证明其可行性。     

基于有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字全息零级像消除

针对数字全息中零级像的存在影响数字再现像的质量,分析数字全息图的记录、再现原理及频谱特性,提出了一种利用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除全息图数字再现中零级像的方法.该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图,不需要相移器材或其他辅助设备,直接利用数字图像处理对数字全息图在空域进行预处理,消除全息再现时的零级像干扰.对比了数字模拟和实验拍摄到的全息图在应用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除零级像前后的再现结果,表明该方法可消除零级衍射像,改善重建像质量,并且算法简单.     

Digital Holographic Particle Tracking Velocimetry for 3-D Transient Flow around an Obstacle in a Narrow Channel

Digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is developed by single high-speed camera and single double pulsed laser with high frequency pulses. This system can directly capture 1000 hologram fringe images for 1 second through a camera computer memory. The 3-D particle location is made of the reconstruction by using a computer hologram algorithm in a personal computer. This system can successfully be applied to instantaneous 3-D velocity measurement in the water flow with a square obstacle, and can obtain an average of 300 instantaneous velocity vectors.     

Sparse signal representation and its applications in ultrasonic NDE

Many sparse signal representation (SSR) algorithms have been developed in the past decade. The advantages of SSR such as compact representations and super resolution lead to the state of the art performance of SSR for processing ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) signals. Choosing a suitable SSR algorithm and designing an appropriate overcomplete dictionary is a key for success. After a brief review of sparse signal representation methods and the design of overcomplete dictionaries, this paper addresses the recent accomplishments of SSR for processing ultrasonic NDE signals. The advantages and limitations of SSR algorithms and various overcomplete dictionaries widely-used in ultrasonic NDE applications are explored in depth. Their performance improvement compared to conventional signal processing methods in many applications such as ultrasonic flaw detection and noise suppression, echo separation and echo estimation, and ultrasonic imaging is investigated. The challenging issues met in practical ultrasonic NDE applications for example the design of a good dictionary are discussed. Representative experimental results are presented for demonstration.