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对高超音速飞行器在大气中飞行时所产生的湍流脉动气动光学效应进行了理论分析与计算.根据CFD计算流场时所使用的湍流模型及其控制方程,推导出流场的折射率脉动方差控制方程.用统计方法,求出该脉动流场的系综平均光学传递函数及相位均方差,从不同角度描述了湍流脉动的气动光学效应.计算结果表明,气动光学传输函数的幅度响应函数具有低通特征,使所获得的图像发生像模糊,而相位响应函数则导致红外成像相位非线性偏移.此外,在相同飞行高度下,马赫数越高,图像模糊越严重.电弧风洞实验结果验证了本文理论分析的正确性. 相似文献
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对高超音速飞行器在大气中飞行时所产生的湍流脉动气动光学效应进行了理论分析与计算.根据CFD计算流场时所使用的湍流模型及其控制方程,推导出流场的折射率脉动方差控制方程.用统计方法,求出该脉动流场的系综平均光学传递函数及相位均方差,从不同角度描述了湍流脉动的气动光学效应.计算结果表明,气动光学传输函数的幅度响应函数具有低通特征,使所获得的图像发生像模糊,而相位响应函数则导致红外成像相位非线性偏移.此外,在相同飞行高度下,马赫数越高,图像模糊越严重.电弧风洞实验结果验证了本文理论分析的正确性. 相似文献
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利用基于纳米粒子的平面激光散射技术获取超声速(Ma=3.0)湍流边界层的密度分布,采用光线追迹方法计算其对应的光程差分布,并结合边界层气动光学相似律验证实验结果的可靠性.着重研究了光线入射角度对超声速湍流边界层气动光学效应的影响,并对其内在机理进行了分析.研究表明,气动光学效应对光线入射角度的依赖性源于光线在流场中的传输路径,传输路径的不同导致了光线在流场中的传输距离以及对应密度脉动互相关结果的差异.光线倾斜入射导致其在流场中传输距离增长,进而气动光学效应出现恶化.光线入射方向与壁面垂直方向之间的夹角越大,气动光学效应越显著,而且不同时刻的差异性增加,气动光学效应校正的难度增加.超声速湍流边界层中大量具有特定方向的涡结构导致了湍流边界层气动光学效应的各向异性.当光线倾斜向下游入射时,光线传播方向与流场中的涡结构具有较好的一致性,体现为此方向上密度脉动互相关系数较大,故气动光学效应比较严重.而当光线倾斜向上游入射时,相关系数较小,故气动光学效应较弱. 相似文献
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研究超声速压缩拐角流动,基于Rytov近似,采用广义卷积-快速Fourier变换(GCV-FFT),直接求解非均匀介质中的Helmholtz方程,获得激光光束的散射场和衍射场的复振幅分布.给出包括光强、光程差、斯特列尔比、相对光强、光束质心位置和有效光束宽度等气动光学参量.可以看出,激光光束在湍流场区域内传输,光强度分布逐渐出现起伏和偏离.穿过流场区域后,由于衍射作用,光束产生较大幅度的扭曲、偏离和破碎.压缩拐角区的流场对光束质量的影响明显大于充分发展湍流区.从相对光强的分布形态来看,光束的破碎似乎与流场的小尺度相干结构相关.采用传统的OPD均方差或加权均方差值估算获得的斯特列尔比的误差较大,更为准确的方法应该通过计算PSF来进行评估. 相似文献
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伴随着飞行器飞行速度的不断增加,高速光学头罩技术具有极大的应用潜力和前景.只是,高速光学头罩在大气层中飞行,受到气动光学效应的影响,成像目标会出现畸变、抖动、模糊和能量衰减,影响成像精度.通过对数十年来高速光学头罩流体力学和气动光学效应的总结和梳理,初步构建了高速光学头罩气动光学效应相似准则模型.归纳了气动光学效应抑制的主要技术路线以及目前已经开展的一些工作.最后总结和讨论了高速光学头罩气动光学效应关键技术难点及未来的发展趋势,可为今后的气动光学效应研究提供一些参考和帮助. 相似文献
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高超声速(Ma∞=6.0)炮风洞中带超声速(Mac=3.0)喷流光学头罩受到周围绕流影响出现气动光学畸变.利用基于背景纹影(background oriented schlieren,BOS)的波前测试方法测量了光学波前畸变.研究结果表明:瞄视误差(bore sight error,BSE)与喷流压比(pressure ratio of jet,PRJ)之间近似呈正相关.在有喷流的情况下,压力匹配时瞄视误差相对比较小,并且喷流压比对气动光学高阶畸变的影响不显著.微型涡流发生器(micro vortex gene-rator,MVG)对瞄视误差影响不明显,但是对气动光学高阶畸变的影响较为显著.基于波前互相关结果,施加微型涡流发生器之后,波前结构尺寸从0.2AD减小为0.1AD.结构尺寸的减小较为有效地抑制了气动光学高阶畸变并且提高了波前的稳定性. 相似文献
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以基于纳米示踪平面激光散射技术的密度场测量方法获得的Ma=3.0平板湍流边界层密度场实验数据为基础,采用小波方法对湍流边界层密度脉动进行了多尺度与动态特性分析.研究表明,近壁区密度脉动概率密度呈偏离高斯分布,大尺度分量对湍流边界层密度脉动起主导作用,小尺度分量使概率密度呈"M"型分布;采用希尔伯特变换对幅度调制效应进行分析,结果表明超声速湍流边界层近壁处外层大尺度密度偏移会导致内层小尺度密度脉动的局部增强或减弱;采用基于小波变换的时变谱密度估计对边界层不同高度的密度脉动进行分析,结果表明脉动主要分布在1 MHz以内,主导频段的密度脉动间歇性明显;随着时间的发展,大部分脉动存在频率从高频过渡到低频,幅值先增加后减少的规律;随着高度的增加,对数区脉动主要分布在105 Hz以下,尾迹区则集中在105 Hz以上,边界层与主流交界处的脉动主要分布在两者相互作用形成的大尺度结构附近,脉动能量从近壁面到主流区呈现先升高后降低的变化规律. 相似文献
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超高声速飞行器光学窗口气动光学效应分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
超高声速飞行器在大气中飞行时,由于气动热和气动力的作用,光学窗口会产生严重的气动光学效应,使目标图像发生像偏移、抖动、模糊和能量衰减。利用有限元分析方法对光学窗口的热光效应、弹光效应和窗口热变形进行研究,计算了由热光学效应、光学窗口热变形引起的点扩散函数峰值大小及峰值位置(像偏移)随时间的变化趋势。根据对温度场的分布分析,计算了温度梯度对透过率的影响以及透过率与窗口热辐射随时间变化的趋势,可为光学窗口的设计、材料的选择及后期的图像处理提供依据。 相似文献
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聚焦光束模拟湍流效应自适应光学补偿实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了聚焦光束传输模拟湍流效应校正实验研究,描述了短曝光情况下,补偿效率积分概率的意义,给出了本套自适应光学系统补偿效率与变形镜驱动器的光束发射直径上的平均间中距和湍流相干长度的系统定标关系。 相似文献
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Yiqiao Li Chao Niu Shengqiang Shen Xingsen Mu Liuyang Zhang 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,24(9)
Scholars usually ignore the non-equilibrium condensing effects in turbulence-model comparative studies on supersonic steam ejectors. In this study, a non-equilibrium condensation model considering real physical properties was coupled respectively with seven turbulence models. They are the k-ε Standard, k-ε RNG, k-ε Realizable, k-ω Standard, k-ω SST, Transition SST, and Linear Reynolds Stress Model. Simulation results were compared with the experiment results globally and locally. The complex flow phenomena in the steam ejector captured by different models, including shock waves, choking, non-equilibrium condensation, boundary layer separation, and vortices were discussed. The reasons for the differences in simulation results were explained and compared. The relationship between ejector performance and local flow phenomena was illustrated. The novelty lies in the conclusions that consider the non-equilibrium condensing effects. Results show that the number and type of shock waves predicted by different turbulence models are different. Non-equilibrium condensation and boundary layer separation regions obtained by various turbulence models are different. Comparing the ejector performance and the complex flow phenomena with the experimental results, the k-ω SST model is proposed to simulate supersonic steam ejectors. 相似文献
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M. Buzzicotti H. Aluie L. Biferale J. Brasseur C. Meneveau 《Journal of Turbulence》2018,19(2):167-197
The effects of different filtering strategies on the statistical properties of the resolved-to-subfilter scale (SFS) energy transfer are analysed in forced homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. We carry out a-priori analyses of the statistical characteristics of SFS energy transfer by filtering data obtained from direct numerical simulations with up to 20483 grid points as a function of the filter cutoff scale. In order to quantify the dependence of extreme events and anomalous scaling on the filter, we compare a sharp Fourier Galerkin projector, a Gaussian filter and a novel class of Galerkin projectors with non-sharp spectral filter profiles. Of interest is the importance of Galilean invariance and we confirm that local SFS energy transfer displays intermittency scaling in both skewness and flatness as a function of the cutoff scale. Furthermore, we quantify the robustness of scaling as a function of the filtering type. 相似文献
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采用大涡模拟方法对脉冲激励作用下的超音速混合层流场进行数值模拟,所得结果清晰展示了流场中涡结构的独特生长机理.基于涡核位置提取方法,对超音速混合层流场中涡结构的空间尺寸和瞬时对流速度等动态特性进行了定量计算.通过分析流场中涡结构的动态特性在不同频率脉冲激励下的变化,揭示出受脉冲激励超音速混合层流场中涡结构的演化机理:涡结构的生长不再是依靠相邻涡-涡结构之间的配对与融合,而是通过涡核外围的一串小涡旋结构被依次吸进涡核来实现,且受激励流场中各个涡结构的空间尺寸变化较小;流场中的涡结构数量与脉冲频率成正比例关系,而涡结构的空间尺寸与脉冲频率成反比例关系;涡结构的平均对流速度随脉冲频率的增大而减小.针对受脉冲激励超音速混合层,给出了能够表征涡结构特性与脉冲激励参数之间关系的方程式,即受激励流场中涡结构的平均对流速度与脉冲周期的乘积近似等于流场中涡结构的空间尺寸(涡结构平均直径). 相似文献
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J. Graham K. Kanov X. I. A. Yang M. Lee N. Malaya C. C. Lalescu 《Journal of Turbulence》2016,17(2):181-215
The output from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent channel flow at Reτ ≈ 1000 is used to construct a publicly and Web services accessible, spatio-temporal database for this flow. The simulated channel has a size of 8πh × 2h × 3πh, where h is the channel half-height. Data are stored at 2048 × 512 × 1536 spatial grid points for a total of 4000 time samples every 5 time steps of the DNS. These cover an entire channel flow-through time, i.e. the time it takes to traverse the entire channel length 8πh at the mean velocity of the bulk flow. Users can access the database through an interface that is based on the Web services model and perform numerical experiments on the slightly over 100 terabytes (TB) DNS data on their remote platforms, such as laptops or local desktops. Additional technical details about the pressure calculation, database interpolation, and differentiation tools are provided in several appendices. As a sample application of the channel flow database, we use it to conduct an a-priori test of a recently introduced integral wall model for large eddy simulation of wall-bounded turbulent flow. The results are compared with those of the equilibrium wall model, showing the strengths of the integral wall model as compared to the equilibrium model. 相似文献
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Rita de Cassia Feroni Neyval Costa Reis Junior Jane Meri Santos Davidson Martins Moreira 《Journal of Turbulence》2017,18(7):688-716
A multiphase study was conducted using a turbulence model of large eddy simulation to investigate the interaction between the gaseous phase and the interface and its respective behaviour until the liquid phase movement was established, first in the near interface, as well as the presence of turbulent structures in the study of transport between phases. The results are shown for three surface configurations: a surface with waves in which the Reynolds number and friction velocity of the gaseous phase are, respectively, 210 and 0.25 m/s; a surface with small undulations, 86 and 0.10 m/s; and a flat surface, 43 and 0.05 m/s. Coherent structures are detected on both sides of the interface; these are intensified and less elongated for larger Reynolds numbers. Additionally, the interface exhibits distinct behaviour with regard to the examined phases. For the gaseous phase, it behaves like a no-slip surface. 相似文献