不同岩蔷薇浸膏挥发性致香成分的SED-GC-MS分析研究

岩蔷薇(cistusladaniferusL.)又名赖百当(labdanum),属半日花科。利用其树脂分泌物及枝叶,通过蒸馏、浸提和萃取等方法,可制得岩蔷薇精油、浸膏、净油、油树脂等各种香原料品种。岩蔷薇的香原料制品是膏香类的极重要品种,主要应用于日化和食品行业,在烟草行业也多有应用。因香料烟香味的主要来源是类赖百当化合物的降解,故被归为烟草的五大类香味物质之一:赖百当类、双萜烯及其降解产物类。这类物质在香料烟中的含量较高,对形成香料烟的特殊香味风格具有重要意义,且在烟草中赖百当仅存在于香料烟中,烤烟、自肋烟中均不存在。赖百当类化合物是香料烟中特有的香气物质,主要成分是冷杉醇、赖百当烯二醇,经调制和醇化转化为多种降赖百当类化合物,其中降龙涎香醚、龙涎香内酯、脱氢龙涎香内酯等都具有强烈的龙涎香香气,对增进卷烟香气和吃味有很好作用。     

气质联用仪对烟草中含氮杂环化合物的测定

已报道的烟草中含氮杂环化合物共有400多种,以吡嗪类、吡啶类和吡咯类化合物为主,是构成卷烟主流烟气特征的香味化合物中非常重要的一类,大部分具有强烈的焦香、烘烤香,与烟草固有的香气非常容易协调,能很好修饰和提高卷烟的自然烟香,而且能掩盖部分杂气,改善余味,被大量应用在卷烟的表香中,是卷烟的重要前体和香气的重要来源[1].     

蒙脱石对卷烟烟雾中自由基清除作用的研究

利用ＥＳＲ法测定了卷烟烟雾焦油中自由基的含量。同时测定了蒙脱石制成的复合滤嘴的卷烟烟雾焦油中的自由基，其含量下降（３２±３）％。     

钼酸盐对卷烟燃烧氧化反应的催化作用

用自吸烟机、气相色谱，高效液相色谱和电子自旋波谱分别检测钼酸盐处理的卷烟和对照卷烟的燃烧速度，烟气焦油量，焦油中BaP和自由基的浓度，用差热分析和热失重分析探讨反应机理，结果表明，钼酸盐添加剂对降低卷烟燃烧反应的活化能，提高卷烟的燃烧速度，降低烟气焦油量，焦油中BaP和自由基有较高的活性。     

茄酸和茄酸乙酯的全合成研究

茄酸(Solanic acid,I)化学名称是2-异丙基-5-氧代己酸,该物质及其醋类(Solanic acid esters)是烟草香味的重要来源,是烟草在调制、陈化、加工等一系列工序处理中由烟叶中的西柏烯类(Cembrenoids)降解转化而成。茄酸及其乙酯(Ⅱ)具有酸、甜气息,加入卷烟中可以起到明显增加烟香,醇和烟气,大幅度提高卷烟的香味品质的作用^[1]。随着低焦油卷烟的发展以及卷烟产品的升级换代,烟草工业对茄酸及其酯类的需求日益迫切, 因此,开发此类香味物质具有重要的应用价值和社会价值。     

气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测法分析烟叶中的香味成分

烟草中的致香成分主导着烟草品质的优劣,而烟草的感官香气质量取决于其内在的香味物质组成及其之间复杂的相互作用,因此,准确测定烟草中香味物质的差异对配方设计、加香加料和稳定卷烟产品质量有重要的实际意义.     

卷烟主流烟气人参皂苷的色谱分析

通过提高卷烟主流烟气中人参皂苷含量可达到增益的目的。研究了人参提取物及人参深加工提取物加入卷烟配方后,采用薄层色谱法检测卷烟吸用时烟气中是否含有人参皂苷,采用高效液相色谱法检测单体人参皂苷在卷烟主流烟气中的含量,同时测定烟气中致癌物质苯并[a]芘、CO以及焦油的含量变化;经检测,添加了人参提取物及深加工提取物的卷烟吸用后,烟嘴及主流烟气中均有人参皂苷存在,且深加工提取物的含量高于一般提取物配方,同时深加工提取物配方烟气中苯并[a]芘含量没有增加,CO以及焦油的含量稍下降,感官质量评价优于空白对照。     

应用顶空气相-离子迁移谱与相对气味活度值法分析卷烟特征香气物质

为考察不同卷烟产品挥发性物质的差异,剖析不同卷烟产品香气风格特征,选取5款不同品牌市售 卷烟,基于顶空气相－离子迁移谱（HS－GC－IMS）开展卷烟挥发性物质研究,采用相对气味活度值法 （ROAV）分析不同卷烟特征香气物质。HS－GC－IMS结果表明,5款卷烟产品的挥发性有机物组分大致相同, 但不同化合物的含量之间存在较大差异;ROAV分析结果表明,主要挥发性物质为醛类、酮类、醇类和酯类, 对卷烟香气有重要贡献的物质包括糠硫醇、1-辛烯-3-酮、呋喃醇、3-甲基丁醛、乙酸异戊酯等,化合物间含 量和感觉阈值的差异影响了其对卷烟香气风格的贡献度,进而影响卷烟的风格特征。借助 HS－GC－IMS和 ROAV值可以剖析不同卷烟特征香气物质,为卷烟产品的风格分析和品质评定提供一定技术支持。     

新型粘胶短纤维滤嘴的研制

为改善滤嘴对卷烟焦油的过滤效果,提高吸食品质,降低卷烟成本,本文选用粘胶短纤维作为卷烟过滤材料,开发了粘胶短纤维卷烟滤棒的成型工艺路线,制备了符合国家标准的新型卷烟滤棒。对不同规格纤维和成型工艺条件对滤棒性能的影响进行了较系统的研究。     

几种保润剂对卷烟烟气化学成分的影响

考察了不同类别的保润剂(丙二醇、甘油、27664号保润剂、木糖醇和山梨醇)对卷烟烟气化学成分的影响,包括对烟气总粒相物、烟碱、水分、焦油含量及卷烟烟气中致香成分组成和有害物质含量的变化。结果表明:①加入不同种类的保润剂后对卷烟烟气的化学成分有明显的影响,而且其影响随着添加量的变化而变化。②随着各种保润剂的加入,卷烟烟气中致香成分总量均比空白卷烟烟气显著增大,同时烟气中苯类和胺类有害物质含量也增大。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。