光强和方位角误差对光弹性五步彩色相移法的影响

为了了解相移法中的各种参数所产生的误差对最终结果的影响 ,对一些主要参数做深入的误差分析是十分必要的。针对五步彩色相移法所用的白光入射平面偏振场的特点 ,只考虑光强、起偏镜和分析镜方位角所引起的误差影响就可以了。提出一个分析和评估这些误差源对五步彩色相移法确定等倾角参数所产生影响的方法 ,这对合理设计实验装置和执行正确的实验条件将起到积极的作用     

数字光弹性中六步混合相移技术

数字光弹性应力分析中常用相移法确定等倾线和等差线,最广泛应用的是十步相移法,针对单色光入射引起的等倾线耦合等差线的问题,增加采集白光入射4幅图像,使用不同光弹图像集分别计算等倾线和等差线,测量精度更高但操作复杂、效率较低。本文提出一种优化的六步混合相移方法,将十步相移法的6+4测量方法缩减为3+3的六步测量方法。用仿真模拟实验对本文方法进行误差分析,验证了其具有良好的抗噪性能和相移误差抗干扰能力。真实实验结果表明：与传统六步相移法相比,本文方法有效解决了等倾线耦合等差线以及波片失配误差的问题;与十步相移法相比,本文方法与其等倾线平均偏差约为0.01 rad,等差线平均偏差约为0.09 rad,在提高40%采集效率的同时保证了测量精度。     

全场数字化测量光弹性等倾角的五步彩色相移法

通过把相移法与光学彩色信息图像处理技术相结合 ,提出了一种确定全场光弹性等倾角的五步彩色相移法。模型置于白光照射下 ,在起偏镜与分析镜不同设置的平面偏振光场中 ,用彩色数码照相机分别采集五幅等色线与等倾线相耦合的条纹图 ,根据相移法基本原理 ,就可以确定在 0～π/2范围内的等倾角。经过对径压缩圆盘的检验 ,实验结果与理论完全相符。该方法改进了单色光相移法的不足 ,对实验应力分析及其在工程结构强度设计中的应用将起积极的促进作用     

光的干涉与衍射

将相移法与光学彩色信息图像处理技术相结合,提出全场数字化确定主方向角的光弹性五步彩色相移法。其主要优点是采用最简单的白光平面偏振仪光学系统,由数码照相机采集五幅等色线与等倾线相互辆合的彩色条纹图,经计算机进行处理后,就可以得到【o~二/2〕范围内单纯连续的等倾角相图;为了减少测量误差.在相移法中引人背景光强参与     

基于彩色编码光栅投影的双N步相移轮廓术

双N步相移轮廓术虽然可以大大降低由于光栅条纹的非正弦性所导致的相位误差,但增加了一倍的投影条纹数量,降低了测量效率。针对此问题,本文提出一种基于彩色编码光栅投影的双N步相移轮廓术,它将原相移条纹和附加相移条纹编码成双色条纹,融合到一幅彩色光栅条纹中投影,然后从采集的彩色条纹中提取两套条纹的相位信息,分别解包裹相位后,融合两包裹相位以减小相位误差。为验证所提方法的有效性,将该方法与两种典型的相位展开算法结合进行实验。实验结果证明,所提方法能有效降低相位误差,且不需要增加任何额外的光栅条纹,测量效率提高了46%。     

平面偏振光场光弹性实时相移法的误差分析

研究了在获取图像的过程中转角变化、偏振片方位角误差及试件所受的载荷变化对平面偏振光场光弹性实时相移法的影响。通过理论分析与数值模拟,讨论了在不同条件下等倾角相位误差。等倾角相位误差随着每场转角变化的增加而增大;偏振镜方位角误差使等倾角相位产生平移;试件所受的载荷变化会引起所采集的光弹性图像误差,对等倾角的计算结果会产生较大的影响。研究结果对合理设计光弹性实验装置、正确评价和执行实验技术具有积极的指导作用。     

相移法获取三维光弹特征相位差的方法

对于三维光弹模型,次主应力及其方向沿入射光连续变化,根据光学等效的原理,可以将三维光弹模型等效为一个包含线性相位延迟器和旋光器的光学模型。在集成光弹法中,对于每一个测量点,研究者必需通过实验获取三个特征参数。提出了一种用于确定集成光弹中全场特征相位差的五步相移法,给出了偏振光场中元器件的设置方法,并运用Jones算子推导出相移法得出的光强公式。最后使用斜射法对径向受压圆盘进行实验,验证了方法的有效性。     

Ronchi相移剪切干涉仪及其相位提取误差分析

在分析Ronchi相移剪切干涉仪典型系统参数的基础上,系统研究了该干涉仪相位提取精度的主要影响因素。结合传统的五步相移算法,采用所提出的八步与十步相移算法,对Ronchi相移剪切干涉仪的相位提取误差进行理论分析和仿真计算。仿真结果说明,八步和十步相移算法可以有效地消除多级衍射光寄生干涉对相位提取精度的影响,且十步相移算法比八步相移算法具有更高的相位提取精度;为了提高测量精度,要求相移误差优于2%;探测器位数大于10位;光栅周期误差小于1%;光源空间相干性低于0.1。通过采用不同的相移算法、剪切率和光源空间相干性的三组对比实验,对理论分析的正确性进行了验证。     

基于概率密度函数的彩色相位测量轮廓术校正

在彩色相位测量轮廓术中,光电器件多个光通道之间的颜色串扰、强度响应不均等因素的影响,使得所获取的相移条纹图像失真,因此采用传统的相位技术求解相位会产生极大的相位误差。从彩色条纹图像的数学模型出发,分析了彩色成像器件所获取的红绿蓝三通道条纹图像特性,提出一种两步校正方法：第一步是基于三通道均值及标准差实现对各颜色通道图像强度的归一化处理;第二步是使用概率密度函数曲线搜索失真后的实际相移量,抑制相移量不准确对测量结果的影响。所提方法不需要对系统的耦合系数和相移偏移量进行预校正,可实现简便、快速的相位误差补偿。模拟及实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于相移结构光照明的浮雕成像技术研究

详细介绍了一种基于相移结构光照明的浮雕成像技术,对该成像技术的原理和成像特性进行了实验研究,并采用相移结构光照明的方法实现彩色浮雕成像。实验中,将多幅相移正弦条纹光场斜投射到被拍摄物体上,数码相机依次拍摄被照明的物体,再利用拍摄到的多幅相移图像,通过计算的方法重建出所需要的图像。理论分析和实验结果表明,相移结构光照明成像技术能有效地消去环境不均匀光照的影响,获取的反射率分布图像只与结构光照明有关,突显了斜投射照明所形成的阴影,图像的明暗变化反映出物体表面的法线变化,因而在视觉上形成了明显的浮雕效果。     

Whole-field determination of isoclinic parameter by five-step color phase shifting and its error analysis

Combining color imaging with phase shifting, a technique named five-step color phase shifting is presented to determine the whole-field isoclinic parameter. Relevant theory is derived and explicit conditions for directly determining the isoclinic parameter in the range of [0,π/2] are given. The unloaded light intensity of the model is systematically studied. A color camera recorded five isoclinic images coupled with isochromatics from a plane polariscope with five different settings, respectively. Experiments have been carried out with a circular disk under diametral compression and errors have been analyzed and estimated. This technique utilizes white light, which avoids undefined isoclinics near the locations where the isochromatics exist and will have active effect on experimental stress analysis and structural strength design.     

基于移相法的光学玻璃应力等倾角全场数字化测量

提出了一种用四步移相法实现光学玻璃应力等倾角全场数字化测量的方法。用数码相机拍摄椭圆偏振光场转过不同角度时的四幅出射光强图像,根据移相法的原理计算出在0°～90°范围内的等倾角β。通过对具有典型应力分布的光学玻璃进行实验验证表明,计算结果与实际情况相符。     

Phase shifting photoelasticity in white light

The availability of image acquisition systems has led to the development of digital photoelasticity both in monochromatic and white light. In particular white light has been used mainly with the following methods: Spectral Content Analysis, RGB photoelasticity and phase shifting photoelasticity. Phase shifting photoelasticity in the colour domain has been used effectively for the determination of the isoclinic parameter in order to reduce the influence of the isochromatic fringes. The method has been also proposed for the determination of the isochromatic fringe order. This paper concerns the general characteristics of phase shifting photoelasticity in the colour domain. Special attention is drawn towards the influence of spectral content of the light source, the spectral response of the colour camera filters, the dispersion of the birefringence and the error of quarter wave plates.     

Limitation of carrier fringe methods in digital photoelasticity

The carrier fringes method has been proposed in digital photoelasticity in combination with techniques such as Fourier transform and phase shifting method, without considering the influence of the isoclinics on the isochromatic patterns analysis. Unlike other optical methods as moiré and holographic interferometry, in photoelasticity the light intensity emerging from a circular polariscope is related to both the isochromatic retardation and the isoclinic parameter. As it is shown by the theoretical analysis, owing to the misalignment between the principal stresses in the model and in the carrier, the computed retardation is affected by an error which is the same for all photoelastic methods based on the use of carrier fringes. Consequently, the photoelastic analysis carried out by methods that use carrier fringes cannot be applied as a full-field technique. In detail, numerical simulations show that the retardation error is comparable (less than 0.05 fringe orders) with that of other photoelastic methods provided that the misalignment between the principal stresses in the model and in the carrier is less than 30°. On the contrary, in the model zones where the misalignment is higher than 30°, the retardation measurement can be affected by non negligible errors (up to 0.25 fringe orders).     

Linear least squares approach for evaluating crack tip fracture parameters using isochromatic and isoclinic data from digital photoelasticity

In this work, digital photoelasticity technique is used to estimate the crack tip fracture parameters for different crack configurations. Conventionally, only isochromatic data surrounding the crack tip is used for SIF estimation, but with the advent of digital photoelasticity, pixel-wise availability of both isoclinic and isochromatic data could be exploited for SIF estimation in a novel way. A linear least square approach is proposed to estimate the mixed-mode crack tip fracture parameters by solving the multi-parameter stress field equation. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is extracted from those estimated fracture parameters. The isochromatic and isoclinic data around the crack tip is estimated using the ten‐step phase shifting technique. To get the unwrapped data, the adaptive quality guided phase unwrapping algorithm (AQGPU) has been used. The mixed mode fracture parameters, especially SIF are estimated for specimen configurations like single edge notch (SEN), center crack and straight crack ahead of inclusion using the proposed algorithm. The experimental SIF values estimated using the proposed method are compared with analytical/finite element analysis (FEA) results, and are found to be in good agreement.     

数字光弹性相移法中全场等倾角和等差线相位

以径向受压圆盘为例,从弹性力学的角度详细分析了模型全场等倾角相位的情况,分析第一主应力的方向,在六步相移法的基础上提炼出圆盘全场等倾角相位和等差线的真实相位。采用有限元软件MARC与形函数拟合相结合的方法模拟径向受压圆环六步相移图和等差线相位图,可以推广到没有解析解或者解析解复杂的应力模型的光弹性实验模拟。通过径向受压圆盘实验验证了方法的可行性,实现光弹法中自动提取全场等差线的信息。