2,7-二辛基[1]苯并噻吩并[3,2-b]苯并噻吩/Ni(100)的界面能级结构随薄膜厚度的演化

利用紫外光电子能谱、X射线光电子能谱以及原子力显微镜系统研究了2,7-二辛基[1] 苯并噻吩并[3,2-b]苯并噻吩(C8-BTBT)生长在单晶Ni(100)上的能级结构随着薄膜厚度的演化以及薄膜的生长方式. 发现第一层C8-BTBT平躺生长且与Ni基底发生了化学吸附反应. 从第二层起分子直立生长且呈现岛状生长模式. 这种平躺至直立的分子取向转变, 导致薄膜的能级结构在第一层与第二层间发生阶梯式的变化, 真空能级与最高占据能级同步下降. 此后能带结构随着薄膜厚度的增加逐渐向下弯曲, 功函数随着膜厚的增加而减小. 同时还发现由于直立生长的C8-BTBT其层间电导率较差导致实验中的能级未能收敛. 实验结果提示对基于Ni和C8-BTBT的自旋器件需要插入缓冲层并尽可能减少C8-BTBT的层数.     

2,7-二辛基[1]苯并噻吩并[3,2-b]苯并噻吩在Cu(100)上的吸附生长以及能级结构演化

结合紫外光电子能谱(UPS),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),原子力显微镜(AFM)和掠入射X射线衍射谱(GIXRD)等实验手段,系统研究了2,7-二辛基[1]苯并噻吩并[3,2-b]苯并噻吩在Cu(100)基底上的吸附、生长过程以及界面能级结构.发现第一层的分子平躺吸附于Cu(100)上形成稳定的物理吸附.随膜厚增加,分子取向转为直立于薄膜平面,生长模式转为岛状生长模式.分子取向的变化导致膜厚大于16A的薄膜的能级结构发生变化.直立取向的分子在表面形成由内向外的电偶极层,引起真空能级下降,功函数降低;而轨道电离的各向异性使得分子从平躺到直立时UPS得到的分子最高占据轨道(HOMO)峰型发生变化,且HOMO起始边向深结合能端移动整体上随着膜厚的增加,真空能级向下弯曲,HOMO下移,电离能则先减小后增大下移的能带结构利于电子从界面向表面的迁移以及空穴从表面向界面的迁移.     

Ag在CeO2-x(111)薄膜上的生长与电子结构

利用XPS和RPES技术研究了CeO_2-x(111)薄膜表面上的氧空位对Ag纳米颗粒的生长和电子结构的影响. XPS结果表明,室温下,Ag纳米颗粒在部分还原的CeO_2-x(111)薄膜上呈三维岛状生长, 并且岛密度比完全氧化的CeO₂(111)薄膜表面上的大, 说明氧空位可以作为Ag纳米粒子生长的中心. Ag3d_5/2芯能级的结合能随着Ag颗粒尺寸的减小而增大, 主要来源于终态效应的贡献. Ag和CeO_2-x     

苝四甲酸二酐在Au(111)表面的取向生长及电子结构研究

利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS),同步辐射紫外光电子能谱(SRUPS),近边X射线吸收精细结构(NEXAFS)以及原子力显微镜(AFM)等技术研究了苝四甲酸二酐(PTCDA)与Au(111)的界面电子结构、PTCDA分子取向及有机薄膜的表面形貌.SRUPS价带谱显示,伴随PTCDA分子的微量沉积(0·5ML),位于费米能级附近Au的表面电子态迅速消失,但却观察不到明显的界面杂化态,这说明PTCDA分子和Au(111)界面间存在弱电子传输过程,但并没有发生明显的化学反应.角分辨NEXAFS以及SRUPS结果证明PTCDA分子是平铺在衬底表面.根据Au4f7/2和C1s峰积分强度随薄膜厚度的变化以及AFM图像可知,PTCDA分子在Au(111)表面是一种典型的Stranski-Krastanov生长模式,即先层状生长,再岛状生长,并且在层状生长到岛状生长的转变过程中,存在有机分子的去润湿过程.     

2(8-羟基喹啉)-2(苯酚)合锆薄膜的制备与性能研究

设计合成了一种新型的有机电致发光材料2(8-羟基喹啉)-2(苯酚)合锆(Zr(OPh)₂q₂),制备了Zr(OPh)₂q₂薄膜,并利用红外光谱、差热-热重谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射谱、UV吸收谱和荧光光谱等方法研究了其晶态、热稳定性、能带结构以及光致发光机理。结果表明,Zr(OPh)₂q₂的熔点为381.2 ℃,分解温度为467.1 ℃,具有非常高的热稳定性,利用真空热蒸镀方法很容易在经过净化处理的玻璃基底上形成高质量、无定形纳米级薄膜,在390 nm紫外光的激发下,Zr(OPh)₂q₂薄膜产生发光峰为525 nm、半峰宽度为107.6 nm的强黄绿色荧光,其粉体产生强黄色荧光,是一种性能优良的电致发光材料。     

C20分子与C20(1-)、C20(2-)离子的特性分析与比较

应用密度范函理论（DTF）的B3LYP方法,在6-31G*基组水平上对CI对称C20富勒烯分子及 C20(1-)、C20(2-)离子进行了几何结构的全局优化、频率以及自然键轨道分析计算（NBO）,然后对三者的几何构型、稳定性、振动光谱等做了分析和比较。研究表明：离子的键长普遍比分子的键长长, C20(1-)离子的稳定性最高。 C20(2-)离子的红外峰值较大,C20(1-)离子的拉曼光谱峰值较大,振动光谱可以用来作为区分三者的手段。     

2,6-双(三甲基锡)-4,8-双(2-乙基己氧基)苯并[1,2-b∶4,5-b']二噻吩的合成与多核NMR研究

以苯并[1,2-b∶4,5-b´]二噻吩-4,8-二酮为原料合成了一种聚合物太阳能电池材料的单体2,6-双(三甲基锡)-4,8-双(2-乙基己氧基)苯并[1,2-b∶4,5-b´]二噻吩. 通过多核1D和2D NMR技术（包括1D ¹H、¹³C、¹¹⁹Sn、¹¹⁷Sn NMR、DEPT、选择性1D TOCSY及2D¹H-¹H COSY、gHSQC、gHMBC）表征了目标分子结构,完成了 ¹H、¹³C、¹¹⁹Sn 与¹¹⁷Sn NMR化学位移归属,并探讨了该化合物的NMR谱线特征.     

基于4，8-二氢二呋咱[3，}4-b，e]吡嗪高能材料的设计与筛选

为了寻找高能量密度的材料,本文设计了一系列基于4,8-二氢二呋咱[3,4-b,e]吡嗪的含能材料. 利用密度泛函理论研究了它们结构与性质之间的关系. 结果表明,这些设计化合物的性质受到含能基团和杂环取代基的影响. -N₃含能基团是提高设计化合物生成热的最有效取代官能团,而四唑环/-C(NO₂)₃基团对炸药的爆轰性能有较大贡献. 键解离能分析表明,引入-NHNH₂,-NHNO₂,-CH(NO₂)₃和-C(NO₂)₃基团会显著降低键解离能. 由于化合物A8,B8,C8,D8,E8和F8具有良好的爆轰性能和热稳定性,最终被筛选为潜在的高能密度材料. 此外,还计算了这些筛选化合物的电子结构.     

二苯并18-冠-6配合物[NH4(DB18-C-6)]2[Pd(SCN)4]的合成与结构分析

研究了二苯并18-冠-6(DB18-C-6)与(NH4)2[Pd(SCN)4]的反应,通过元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射对生成的配合物[NH4(DB18-C-6)]2[Pd(SCN)4](1)进行了结构分析.1为三斜晶系,空间群P-1,晶体学数据:a=0.8705(3)nm,b=1.1954(4)nm,c=1.3044(4)nm,α=73.216(5)°,β=78.897(5)°,γ=81.105(6)°,V=1.2682(7)nm3,Z=1,F(000)=568,R1=0.0301,wR2=0.0431.配合物由二个[NH4(DB18-C-6)]+配阳离子和一个[Pd(SCN)4]2-配阴离子组成,二者通过N-H…N氢键形成中性配合物,配合物中不存在阳离子-π相互作用.     

发光性质可调的金属-有机骨架材料[Zn(BDC)(H_2O)_(2-2x)·(8-Hq)_x]的合成及发光性质

以对苯二甲酸(H2BDC)为配体,以锌为中心离子,采用沉淀法合成了具有一维结构的金属配合物[Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]纳米晶,将化合物分散到不同浓度的8-羟基喹啉(8-Hq)溶液中,得到系列配位聚合物[Zn(BDC)(H2O)2-2x·(8-Hq)x]。分别用FT-IR和XRD对目标产物的结构进行了表征。固态发光性质研究显示:[Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]及其配位聚合物具有强的发光,配位聚合物随着8-Hq量的增加,其发光发射光谱有规律地红移,表明该配位聚合物能够通过改变8-Hq与骨架材料间的量的比实现对材料发光性质的调控。     

WnNim(n+m=8)团簇轨道能级与芳香性的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的b3lyp方法,在Lanl2dz基组水平上对W_nNi_m(n+m=8)团簇的各种可能构型进行几何参数全优化,得到它们的基态构型;并对基态构型的轨道能级分布、能隙、HOMO、LUMO能级、芳香性和热力学性质进行分析,结果表明:团簇W₅Ni₃和W₆Ni₂的Alpha轨道和Beta轨道是完全简并的,所有电子都是严格两两配对的;团簇W₂Ni₆能隙最小,化学活性最强,组成前线轨道的成分基本相同;W₆Ni₂能隙最大,化学活性最弱;团簇W₁Ni₇,W₅Ni₃,W₆Ni₂,W₇Ni₁具有芳香性,W₂Ni₆具有反芳香性;团簇的生成焓都是负值,为放热反应,热力学上是稳定的.     

The structure of monolayer SiO2 on Mo(1 1 2): A 2-D [Si-O-Si] network or isolated [SiO4] units?

In this letter, atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) images obtained from monolayer SiO₂/Mo(1 1 2) are presented. The results are consistent with a previously proposed structural model of isolated [SiO₄] units based on vibrational features observed by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and oxygen species identified by ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). These results are inconsistent with a structural model that assumes a two-dimensional (2-D) [Si-O-Si] network. These data illustrate that a metal substrate, although coated with an oxide thin layer, can be directly imaged at the atomic-scale with STM.     

Temperature‐dependent vibrational studies of [N(C2H5)4]2MnCl4

Room‐temperature polarized Raman spectra of a single crystal and IR spectra of a polycrystalline sample were measured for [N(C₂H₅)₄]₂MnCl₄ and the assignment of the observed bands to the respective modes has been proposed. Temperature‐dependent Raman and far‐IR studies were also performed for the polycrystalline sample in order to obtain information on changes occurring in this material as a result of phase transitions at T₁ = 227 K and at T₂ = 199 K. These studies revealed that the higher‐temperature ferroelastic phase transition is associated with significant modification of vibrational properties due to ordering of tetraethylammonium groups. The lower‐temperature phase transition does not lead to any clear changes in the spectra. However, our results suggest that disorder of MnCl₄²⁻ ions decreases with decreasing temperature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vivo measurement of normal rat intracellular pyruvate and lactate levels after injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]alanine

Hyperpolarized technology utilizing dynamic nuclear polarization has enabled rapid and high-sensitivity measurements of ¹³C metabolism in vivo. The most commonly used in vivo agent for hyperpolarized ¹³C metabolic imaging thus far has been [1-¹³C]pyruvate. In preclinical studies, not only is its uptake detected, but also its intracellular enzymatic conversion to metabolic products including [1-¹³C]lactate and [1-¹³C]alanine. However, the ratio of ¹³C-lactate/¹³C-pyruvate measured in this data does not accurately reflect cellular values since much of the [1-¹³C]pyruvate is extracellular depending on timing, vascular properties, and extracellular space and monocarboxylate transporter activity. In order to measure the relative levels of intracellular pyruvate and lactate, in this project we hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]alanine and monitored the in vivo conversion to [1-¹³C]pyruvate and then the subsequent conversion to [1-¹³C]lactate. The intracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio of normal rat tissue measured with hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]alanine was 4.89±0.61 (mean±S.E.) as opposed to a ratio of 0.41±0.03 when hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate was injected.     

Formation of oxygen-induced Si(1 1 3)-3 × 2 facets on the Si(5 5 12) surface

We report the formation of Si(1 1 3)-3 × 2 facets upon exposing oxygens on the Si(5 5 12) surface at an elevated temperature. These facets are found to form only for a limited range of oxygen exposure and exhibit a well-defined 3 × 2 LEED pattern. We also find the surface electronic state unique only to the facets in the valence band. The spectral feature of these electronic states and the behavior of a (1/3 1/2) LEED spot upon oxygen contents in the facets indicate that the formation is a heterogeneous mixture of the clean Si(1 1 3) facets free of oxygens and other facets containing oxygen atoms.     

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation on Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Octadecanoyl Ester of 1-(2-Carboxyethyl) Thymine: Molecular Orientation,Molecular Recognition to Complementary Base of Nucleic Acid and Order-Disorder Transition

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission, polarized transmission, reflection absorption (RA) and Attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the molecular orientation and molecular recognition to the complementary base at the air / water interface of a novel nucleolipid amphiphile, octadecanoyl ester of 1-(2-carboxyethyl) thymine. It has been found that the molecules are biaxially oriented and the hydrocarbon chain titled considerably from the substrate normal as well as the chromophoric part in the LB film Molecular recognition through complementary bases pairing takes place at the air / water interface between the thymine moiety in the head group of the amphiphile and adenosine in the subphase, the hydrogen involved in the host-guest interactions has been detected by using FTIR-ATR technique. FTIR transmission spectra measured at elevated temperatures revealed that the order-disorder transition of the LB film which contains the complementary base occurs at lower temperature. To our best knowledge, investigation of the order-disorder transitions in nucleolipid amphiphile LB films and comparative studies of the order-disorder transitions between nucleolipid amphiphile LB film that contains and does not contain the complementary bases have been virtually nonexistent, so far.     

Use of hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate and [2-C]pyruvate to probe the effects of the anticancer agent dichloroacetate on mitochondrial metabolism in vivo in the normal rat

Development of hyperpolarized technology utilizing dynamic nuclear polarization has enabled the measurement of ¹³C metabolism in vivo at very high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In vivo mitochondrial metabolism can, in principle, be monitored with pyruvate, which is catalyzed to acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). The purpose of this work was to determine whether the compound sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) could aid the study of mitochondrial metabolism with hyperpolarized pyruvate. DCA stimulates PDH by inhibiting its inhibitor, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. In this work, hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate and [2-¹³C]pyruvate were used to probe mitochondrial metabolism in normal rats. Increased conversion to bicarbonate (+ 181±69%, P=.025) was measured when [1-¹³C]pyruvate was injected after DCA administration, and increased glutamate (+ 74±23%, P=.004), acetoacetate (+ 504±281%, P=.009) and acetylcarnitine (+ 377±157%, P=.003) were detected when [2-¹³C]pyruvate was used.