紫外光照下高铁肌红蛋白的还原

实验中我们发现紫外波段光源照射高铁肌红蛋白(metmyoglobin,metMb)时,能发生与添加化学还原剂还原metMb相似的过程,本文采用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis),圆二色光谱(CD)研究了metMb在特定紫外光源下的还原过程。580 nm和544 nm处还原峰的面积变化显示,metMb在光照时能被还原至MbFe髤H2O状态,且不同的光源、特定紫外定波长、温度、pH以及不同气体存在等条件下metMb的还原程度不同。在温度为10℃,偏碱性条件时,定波长254 nm照射有利于metMb还原;气体存在时,由于气体小分子与血红素铁的配位能力不同,不同气体对光照metMb还原的催化作用程度也有差异,CO和O2的存在对此过程有催化促进作用,这一结论在医学和生理学上有重要的意义。     

紫外光诱导氧合型肌红蛋白氧化反应及机理

肌红蛋白通常在无光条件下可进行输氧、储氧等重要功能,实验中我们发现紫外光照射可促进氧合肌红蛋白(MbO₂)的氧化反应,证实其在光照时部分生理功能会发生变化。紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱数据显示,光照射时MbO₂的Soret带最大吸收波长蓝移、Q吸收带544和580 nm处还原峰强度下降,说明紫外光光照促进O₂解离, MbFe(Ⅱ)可被氧化至MbFe(Ⅲ)。四种波长光对光照氧化的影响程度为254 nm > 280 nm >430 nm > 409 nm;通入CO气体时氧合肌红蛋白较难发生光照氧化反应,即Fe的第六配位强度影响反应程度;溶液中的H⁺或OH^-对光照氧化反应有促进作用; 254、280 nm波长光照射时,苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、色氨酸(Trp)三种游离氨基酸均促进光照氧化反应的进行,而409、430 nm波长光照射时三种游离氨基酸对光照氧化反应的影响较小。以上数据表明体内光诱导MbO₂氧化反应过程中蛋白质内的Fe(Ⅱ)能否被光照激发形成未成对电子处于激发态是O₂离去和二价铁被氧化的关键。     

光诱导高铁肌红蛋白还原的光谱法研究

采用紫外-可见吸收、荧光及圆二色(CD)等光谱法为主要分析手段, 对光诱导高铁肌红蛋白(metmyoglobin, metMb)还原及其引起的蛋白结构变化进行了研究. 采用氙灯430 nm的单色光和紫外灯对高铁肌红蛋白溶液进行光照实验, 实验结果显示, 在metMb的Q吸收带545 nm和580 nm附近吸收峰强度显著增强. 通过验证性实验, 证明光照后metMb发生了还原反应. 验证性实验包括: metMb中加入还原剂连二亚硫酸钠实验|光照后样品加入氧化剂铁氰化钾的可逆性实验|光照的同时通入CO实验. 进一步讨论表明, 采用氙灯430 nm的单色光诱导metMb还原的机理为光诱导的分子内电子转移. 此外, 对光还原反应后的样品进行同步荧光和CD光谱分析, 发现蛋白质色氨酸残基微环境极性增加, α-螺旋的含量由 63%下降到57%, 而β-折叠的含量增加了7%.     

荧光法对光诱导野生型肌红蛋白和突变体(D44K)去氧的对照研究

用荧光法对光诱导野生型肌红蛋白(Mb)和突变体(D44K)去氧的过程进行对照研究。发现430nm是研究Mb(WT)和Mb(D44K)光照去氧的最佳激发波长。430nm激发时,Mb(D44K)在597.9nm和628.8nm处出现两个荧光发射峰,不同于Mb(WT)仅在597nm处出现一个荧光发射峰。经研究证明,628.8nm处荧光峰是Mb3 -H2O型中的H2O峰。光照也使此峰的荧光强度下降,但比去氧的速率慢。研究发现,597nm处Mb(D44K)的荧光效率比Mb(WT)的荧光效率低。传能实验表明Mb表面44位氨基酸由天冬氨酸突变为赖氨酸后,不影响Mb(D44K)中色氨酸和酪氨酸残基传递给铁卟啉的荧光效率,但使Mb(D44K)中色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的荧光效率变高。     

激光诱导游离半胱氨酸对血红蛋白反应动力学的影响及机理

血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)是具有环状共轭结构的呼吸蛋白,可以吸收特定波长的光,通过血红素辅基的结构变化,进而影响血红蛋白生物功能的表达。研究中发现,紫外区波长光照射血红蛋白能够引起其结构发生一定的变化,光照实验中加入游离半胱氨酸有助于高铁血红蛋白(methemoglobin,metHb)结构的稳定。266nm光照后高铁血红蛋白、去氧血红蛋白(deoxyhemoglobin,deoxyHb)、氧合血红蛋白(oxyhemoglobin,HbO2)和碳氧血红蛋白(carboxyhemoglobin,HbCO)均被激发至各自相应激发态,其Soret带谱峰衰减至基态的时间大致相同;加入游离半胱氨酸后,半胱氨酸与各激发态铁卟啉发生电子传递,在直接和间接地进行了电子传递后,激发态铁卟啉衰减时间发生变化,metHb、HbO2和HbCO衰减时间明显延长,但deoxyHb变化相对较小。对瞬态吸收光谱、动力学曲线和紫外-可见吸收光谱综合分析可知,4种形态血红蛋白被光激发至各自激发态后,铁卟啉均反应形成具有一空位的六配位平面结构状态。     

猪心肌高铁肌红蛋白还原酶高级结构及功能域的荧光表征

猪高铁肌红蛋白还原酶(pMetMbase A)是肌红蛋白氧化还原系统中被新认识的还原酶,它的分子结构有待荧光光谱表征。本研究采用普通及同步荧光法,以求证该酶特征荧光发射光谱和结构功能域。pMetMbase A的优化荧光光谱条件是,扫描速度600nm/min、光栅狭缝10nm、溶液浓度1.0×10-2mmol/L、激发光波长270nm和波长差20nm。结果表明,pMetMbase A具有自己的特征荧光发光谱带;311和349.5nm处分别是酪氨酸和色氨酸残基的特征荧光;650nm处是其卟啉环-铁(heme-Fe)双硫键的特征荧光,推测为电子传递和还原反应的核心活性位点。因此,该pMetMbase A具备蛋白质的肽链和heme-Fe结构。     

荧光光谱法测定饮料中氨基酸的含量

采用荧光分光光度法测定游离氨基酸。在pH=6.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,氨基酸与乙酰丙酮-甲醛体系反应,产生黄绿色荧光,试验了体系酸度、试剂加入次序及用量、反应温度、反应时间对体系荧光强度的影响。以丙氨酸为例进行试验,丙氨酸浓度与体系荧光强度在1.0~20.0μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.05μg/mL。     

气相中疏水氨基酸的单电子氧化还原性质

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/DZP++水平上研究气相中疏水氨基酸的单电子氧化还原性质.计算表明:发生单电子氧化反应时,侧链较小的甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸丢失电子的主要部位是氨基、α-碳和羧基,对应着相对较大的绝热电离能(8.52-9.15 eV);而半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸因侧链丢失较多负电荷,其电离能有所降低.气相中疏水氨基酸从外界捕获的电子主要驻留在羧基或氨基的氢原子外侧以及分子的骨架上,形成具有偶极边界结构和价键结构的混合状态阴离子,绝热电子亲和势在-0.08至-0.63 eV之间.由于氨基酸的电离能较大且电子亲和势为负值,所以在气相中它们既不容易被氧化也难以被还原.     

李子发酵前后挥发性成分及游离氨基酸的变化分析

为探究李子发酵为李子酵素前后挥发性成分及游离氨基酸的变化规律,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SMPE-GC-MS)和氨基酸分析仪分析了其中的挥发性成分和游离氨基酸.将新鲜的李子样品去核、匀浆、熟化后,加入白砂糖和发酵剂发酵3个月制备李子酵素.发酵前后的样品用顶空固相微萃取仪提取挥发性成分,然后通过H P-...     

Analysis of Thermal Decomposition Patterns of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Amino Acids

Abstract

Differential enthalpic analysis of the thermal degradation of aromatic and heteroaromatic amino acids provides thermograms which are characteristic of specific amino acids (e.g. phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan or histidine). Curve resolution of the resulting thermograms suggests that a minimum of three reactions are involved in the degradation (within the temperature limits of 500–620 [ddot]K) and provides T_M values for each of these concurrent reactions.     

Phosphino Amino Acids: Novel Water-Soluble Ligands for Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals

An easy and effective access to water-soluble phospino amino acids by condensation of PH-containing phosphines with formaldehyde and amino acids is presented here.     

Use of Micelles in the TLC Separation of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds and Amino Acids

Abstract

The polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNA): anthracene, napthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, pyrenecarboxaldehyde, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (e) pyrene, perylene and fluorene can be chromatographed on polyamide TLC sheets using an aqueous micellar solution cf sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as the mobile phase. Reversed micellar solutions (of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate) were used in a reverse phase chromatographic separation of amino acids. Some amino acids tended to streak slightly rather than move as discrete spots. Conditions could be adjusted, however, so that most of the amino acids and all PNA's would move as spots.     

The Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids and its Regulation

Microorganisms synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as the related compounds p-aminobenzoic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ubiquinone, vitamin K, and nicotinic acid, by a highly branched route passing through shikimic acid. The biosynthesis is not regulated in the same way in all the organisms studied. The regulation is strongly dependent on the ability of the enzymes involved to be resolved into isozymes, their ability to be inhibited, and their activation, repression, and induction.     

Dimethylsilicon(IV) Derivatives of Amino Acids

Reactions of dichlorodimethylsilane with the sodium salt of amino acids in 1:2 molar ratio led to the formation of a new series of dimethylsilicon(IV) complexes of general formula, Me 2 SiL 2 [L = anion of amino acids, viz. glycine (HGly), L-methionine (L-MethH), DL- f -alanine (DL- f -AlaH) L-leucine (L-LeuH), L-valine (L-ValH) and D-phenylalanine (D-PheH)]. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, and electronic spectra, and the bonding in these complexes is discussed in terms of their infrared, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. A distorted octahedral structure with trans methyl groups has been tentatively suggested for the complexes. The complexes, found soluble in DMSO, have been tested in vitro against various bacteria, viz. Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas putida-2252 , Aeromonas formicans , Staphylococcus aureus-740 , and fungi, viz. Aspergillus niger ORS-4, Aureobasidium pullulans-1991 , Verticillium dahliae-2063 , and Penicillium notatum-1348 .     

The Use of A 25 Factorial Design to Study the Effect of Various Alcohols on the Paper Chromatographic Separation of Selected Amino Acids

Abstract

A 2⁵ factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol on the paper chromatographic separation of Arginine, Threonine, Leucine, Histidine, and Tryptophan. The most significant effects occur for the alcohols themselves with an increasing effect with an increase in carbon chain length. The major interaction terms involve the combinations of butanol and pentanol with the other alcohols or with themselves.     

Fast Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Tobacco by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection and Automated Derivatization

A fast, simple, and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of free amino acids in tobacco was described. A fully automated sample processor performed precolumn derivatization of both primary and secondary amino acids with o‐phthalaldehyde/3‐mercaptopropionic acid and 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC‐Cl), respectively. All reactions were fully automated by means of an injector programme and accomplished in 10 min. Sample preparation consisted of a single step of extraction with 0.1 mol/L HCl at ambient temperature (assisted by sonication) in 30 min, followed by filtration of an aliquot and derivatization. By optimization of sample preparation and HPLC conditions, separation of 20 amino acids in 30 min was achieved. Detection limits ranged from 0.50 to 1.40 μg/g; coefficients of variation ranged from 1.8% to 3.9%; recoveries ranged from 84.6% to 108.5%. The method was applied to the analysis of amino acids contents of tobacco leaves in different varieties and flue‐curing period.     

The Study of UV and VIS Absorption Spectra of the Complexes of Amino Acids with Ninhydrin

Abstract

The analysis of amino acids with post column derivatization using ninhydrin is usually carried out with automatic analyzers at wavelengths of 570 nm (for the quantitation of α-amino acids) and 440 nm (for the imino acids), or at only one wavelength, 520 nm, for the total acid content. The α-amino acids are reported to give an absorption maximum at 570 nm, after complex formation with ninhydrin; and α-imino acids have a γ at 440 nm, 520 nm is a compromise wavelength.

This paper presents a study of the absorption of the complexes of amino acids with ninhydrin between 275 and 700 nm. Two new wavelengths are suggested for use, 290 and 404 nm.

In the near UV (290 nm) all the tested acids show a common absorption maximum and good sensitivities. In the visible region at 404 nm, the sensitivities of the α-amino acids are very similar to those observed at 570 nm. At 520 nm the αamino acids have the lowest sensitivities.

The α-imino acids (proline and oxyproline) show absorption maxima only at 290 nm; after that their sensitivities decrease with increasing wavelength.

The paper offers some practical hints on changing the detector wavelength, and to adapt the HPLC's detector to work at one of these two, newly suggested, bands (290 or 404 nm).     

Synthesis and Characterization of Extended Bis(terpyridine)ruthenium Amino Acids

(Oligopyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes have been widely used in dye sensitized solar cells and other sophisticated optical devices due to their outstanding photophysical properties and their chemical stability. Herein, we describe the longitudinal extension of our previously reported bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) amino acid [Ru(tpy–NH₂)(tpy–COOH)]²⁺ (tpy = 4′‐substituted 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) by insertion of para‐phenylene spacers –C₆H₄– between the terpyridine and the functional groups. The influence of the para‐phenylene spacer on the absorption and emission properties is investigated using UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy and is discussed within a qualitative molecular orbital picture.     

Loading of Amino Acids onto RNA in a Putative RNA-Peptide World

RNA is a molecule that can both store genetic information and perform catalytic reactions. This observed dualism places RNA into the limelight of concepts about the origin of life. The RNA world concept argues that life started from self-replicating RNA molecules, which evolved toward increasingly complex structures. Recently, we demonstrated that RNA, with the help of conserved non-canonical nucleosides, which are also putative relics of an early RNA world, had the ability to grow peptides covalently connected to RNA nucleobases, creating RNA-peptide chimeras. It is conceivable that such molecules, which combined the information-coding properties of RNA with the catalytic potential of amino acid side chains, were once the structures from which life emerged. Herein, we report prebiotic chemistry that enabled the loading of both nucleosides and RNAs with amino acids as the first step toward RNA-based peptide synthesis in a putative RNA-peptide world.