The regularized Benjamin-Ono and BBM equations: Well-posedness and nonlinear stability

Nonlinear stability of nonlinear periodic solutions of the regularized Benjamin-Ono equation and the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation with respect to perturbations of the same wavelength is analytically studied. These perturbations are shown to be stable. We also develop a global well-posedness theory for the regularized Benjamin-Ono equation in the periodic and in the line setting. In particular, we show that the Cauchy problem (in both periodic and nonperiodic case) cannot be solved by an iteration scheme based on the Duhamel formula for negative Sobolev indices.     

Multiplicity results for interfaces of Ginzburg-Landau-Allen-Cahn equations in periodic media

The Ginzburg-Landau-Allen-Cahn equation is a variational model for phase coexistence and for other physical problems. It contains a term given by a kinetic part of elliptic type plus a double-well potential. We assume that the functional depends on the space variables in a periodic way.We show that given a plane with rational normal, there are minimal solutions, satisfying the following properties. These solutions are asymptotic to the pure phases and are separated by an interface. The convergence to the pure phases is exponentially fast. The interface lies at a finite distance M from the chosen plane, where M is a universal constant. Furthermore, these solutions satisfy some monotonicity properties with respect to integer translations (namely, integer translations are always comparable to the function).We then show that all the interfaces of the global periodic minimizers satisfy similar monotonicity and plane-like properties.We also consider the case of possibly irrationally oriented planes. We show that either there is a one parameter family of minimizers whose graphs provide a field of extremals or there are at least two solutions, one which is a minimizer and another one which is not. These solutions also have interfaces bounded by a universal constant, they enjoy monotonicity properties with respect to integer translations and the nonminimal solutions are trapped inside a gap of the lamination induced by the minimizers.     

Periodic traveling curved fronts in reaction-diffusion equation with bistable time-periodic nonlinearity

This paper is concerned with the existence and stability of periodic traveling curved fronts for reaction-diffusion equations with time-periodic bistable nonlinearity in two-dimensional space. By constructing supersolution and subsolution, we prove the existence of periodic traveling wave fronts. Furthermore, we show that the front is globally stable.     

Nonlinear stability of periodic traveling wave solutions of systems of viscous conservation laws in the generic case

Extending previous results of Oh-Zumbrun and Johnson-Zumbrun, we show that spectral stability implies linearized and nonlinear stability of spatially periodic traveling wave solutions of viscous systems of conservation laws for systems of generic type, removing a restrictive assumption that wave speed be constant to first order along the manifold of nearby periodic solutions. Key to our analysis is a nonlinear cancellation estimate observed by Johnson and Zumbrun, along with a detailed understanding of the Whitham averaged system. The latter motivates a careful analysis of the Bloch perturbation expansion near zero frequency and suggests factoring out an appropriate translational modulation of the underlying wave, allowing us to derive the sharpened low-frequency estimates needed to close the nonlinear iteration arguments.     

Exact periodic wave solutions for the hKdV equation

In this paper, by using the Hirota bilinear method and the Jacobian theta functions for the higher order KdV equation, the existence of periodic wave solutions with one and two period are obtained. The asymptotic properties of the periodic wave solutions are analyzed in detail. It is shown that the well-known soliton solutions can be reduced from the periodic wave solutions.     

Weighted pseudo-almost periodic solutions to a neutral delay integral equation of advanced type

This paper studies suitable sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and uniqueness of weighted pseudo-almost periodic solutions to a neutral delay integral equation of advanced type introduced by T.A. Burton in the literature. The abstract results are then utilized to characterize weighted pseudo-almost periodic solutions to the well-known logistic equation.     

Almost periodic dynamics of perturbed infinite-dimensional dynamical systems

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of an infinite-dimensional gradient system under small almost periodic perturbations. Under the assumption that the original autonomous system has a global attractor given as the union of unstable manifolds of a finite number of hyperbolic equilibrium solutions, we prove that the perturbed non-autonomous system has exactly the same number of almost periodic solutions. As a consequence, the pullback attractor of the perturbed system is given by the union of unstable manifolds of these finitely many almost periodic solutions. An application of the result to the Chafee–Infante equation is discussed.     

Existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of time periodic traveling waves for a periodic Lotka–Volterra competition system with diffusion

We study the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic stability of time periodic traveling wave solutions to a periodic diffusive Lotka–Volterra competition system. Under certain conditions, we prove that there exists a maximal wave speed c^? such that for each wave speed c?c^?, there is a time periodic traveling wave connecting two semi-trivial periodic solutions of the corresponding kinetic system. It is shown that such a traveling wave is unique modulo translation and is monotone with respect to its co-moving frame coordinate. We also show that the traveling wave solutions with wave speed c<c^? are asymptotically stable in certain sense. In addition, we establish the nonexistence of time periodic traveling waves for nonzero speed c>c^?.     

Asymptotic regularity conditions for the strong convergence towards weak limit sets and weak attractors of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations

The asymptotic behavior of solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is considered on bounded smooth domains with no-slip boundary conditions and on periodic domains. Asymptotic regularity conditions are presented to ensure that the convergence of a Leray-Hopf weak solution to its weak ω-limit set (weak in the sense of the weak topology of the space H of square-integrable divergence-free velocity fields with the appropriate boundary conditions) are achieved also in the strong topology. It is proved that the weak ω-limit set is strongly compact and strongly attracts the corresponding solution if and only if all the solutions in the weak ω-limit set are continuous in the strong topology of H. Corresponding results for the strong convergence towards the weak global attractor of Foias and Temam are also presented. In this case, it is proved that the weak global attractor is strongly compact and strongly attracts the weak solutions, uniformly with respect to uniformly bounded sets of weak solutions, if and only if all the global weak solutions in the weak global attractor are strongly continuous in H.     

Weak geodesic flow on a semidirect product and global solutions to the periodic Hunter-Saxton system

We give explicit solutions for the two-component Hunter-Saxton system on the unit circle. Moreover, we show how global weak solutions can be naturally constructed using the geometric interpretation of this system as a re-expression of the geodesic flow on the semidirect product of a suitable subgroup of the diffeomorphism group of the circle with the space of smooth functions on the circle. These spatially and temporally periodic solutions turn out to be conservative.     

Large time behavior for some nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations

We study the asymptotic behavior of Lipschitz continuous solutions of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations in the periodic setting. Our results apply to a large class of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations. Defining Σ as the set where the diffusion vanishes, i.e., where the equation is totally degenerate, we obtain the convergence when the equation is uniformly parabolic outside Σ and, on Σ, the Hamiltonian is either strictly convex or satisfies an assumption similar of the one introduced by Barles–Souganidis (2000) for first-order Hamilton–Jacobi equations. This latter assumption allows to deal with equations with nonconvex Hamiltonians. We can also release the uniform parabolic requirement outside Σ. As a consequence, we prove the convergence of some everywhere degenerate second-order equations.     

Periodic solutions of a periodically forced and undamped beam resting on weakly elastic bearings

We study the problem of existence of periodic solutions to a partial differential equation modelling the behavior of an undamped beam subject to an external periodic force. We assume that the ordinary differential equation associated to the first two modes of vibration of the beam has a symmetric homoclinic solution. By using methods borrowed by dynamical systems theory we prove that, if the period is non resonant with the (infinitely many) internal periods of the PDE, the equation has a weak periodic solution of the same period as the external force. In particular we obtain continua of periodic solutions for the undamped beam in absence of external forces. This result may be considered as an infinite dimensional analogue of a result obtained in [16] concerning accumulation of periodic solutions to homoclinic orbits in finite dimensional reversible systems. Matteo Franca: Partially supported by G.N.A.M.P.A. – INdAM (Italy).     

Time periodic traveling wave solutions for periodic advection–reaction–diffusion systems

We study the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic stability of time periodic traveling wave solutions to a class of periodic advection–reaction–diffusion systems. Under certain conditions, we prove that there exists a maximal wave speed c^?$c^{?}$ such that for each wave speed c≤c^?$c\le c^{?}$, there is a time periodic traveling wave connecting two periodic solutions of the corresponding kinetic system. It is shown that such a traveling wave is unique modulo translation and is monotone with respect to its co-moving frame coordinate. We also show that the traveling wave solutions with wave speed c≤c^?$c\le c^{?}$ are asymptotically stable in certain sense. In addition, we establish the nonexistence of time periodic traveling waves with speed c>c^?$c>c^{?}$.     

Water waves over a rough bottom in the shallow water regime

This is a study of the Euler equations for free surface water waves in the case of varying bathymetry, considering the problem in the shallow water scaling regime. In the case of rapidly varying periodic bottom boundaries this is a problem of homogenization theory. In this setting we derive a new model system of equations, consisting of the classical shallow water equations coupled with nonlocal evolution equations for a periodic corrector term. We also exhibit a new resonance phenomenon between surface waves and a periodic bottom. This resonance, which gives rise to secular growth of surface wave patterns, can be viewed as a nonlinear generalization of the classical Bragg resonance. We justify the derivation of our model with a rigorous mathematical analysis of the scaling limit and the resulting error terms. The principal issue is that the shallow water limit and the homogenization process must be performed simultaneously. Our model equations and the error analysis are valid for both the two- and the three-dimensional physical problems.     

Toeplitz operators with frequency modulated semi-almost periodic symbols

It is well known that amplitude modulation does not affect Fredholmness of Toeplitz operators. The same is true for frequency modulation provided the symbol of the operator is piecewise continuous. In this article, it is shown that frequency modulation can destroy Fredholmness for Toeplitz operators with almost periodic symbols; the corresponding example is based on the observation that certain almost periodic functions become semi-almost periodic functions after appropriate frequency modulation. Moreover, this article contains several results that can be employed in order to decide whether a Toeplitz operator with a frequency modulated semi-almost periodic symbol is Fredholm.     

Spreading speeds of a partially degenerate reaction–diffusion system in a periodic habitat

This paper is devoted to the study of the spreading speeds of a partially degenerate reaction–diffusion system with monostable nonlinearity in a periodic habitat. We first obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of principal eigenvalues in the case where solution maps of the associated linear systems lack compactness, and prove a threshold type result on the global dynamics for the periodic initial value problem. Then we establish the existence and computational formulae of spreading speeds for the general initial value problem. It turns out that the spreading speed is linearly determinate.     

Lipschitz metric for the periodic Camassa-Holm equation

We study the stability of conservative solutions of the Cauchy problem for the Camassa-Holm equation ut−uxxt+κux+3uux−2uxuxx−uuxxx=0 with periodic initial data u₀. In particular, we derive a new Lipschitz metric dD with the property that for two solutions u and v of the equation we have dD(u(t),v(t))?eCtdD(u₀,v₀). The relationship between this metric and usual norms in and is clarified.     

Asymptotic bounds of solutions for a periodic doubly degenerate parabolic equation

This paper is concerned with a doubly degenerate parabolic equation with logistic periodic sources. We are interested in the discussion of the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the initial-boundary value problem. In this paper, we first establish the existence of non-trivial nonnegative periodic solutions by a monotonicity method. Then by using the Moser iterative method, we obtain an a priori upper bound of the nonnegative periodic solutions, by means of which we show the existence of the maximum periodic solution and asymptotic bounds of the nonnegative solutions of the initial-boundary value problem. We also prove that the support of the non-trivial nonnegative periodic solution is independent of time.