硫离子修饰的金纳米棒用于汞离子检测

表面修饰硫离子的金纳米棒可与汞发生相互作用,导致体系的共振光散射（RLS）和紫外-可见吸收光谱发生变化。利用这种特殊的选择性结合反应建立了一种采用RLS技术定量检测水溶液中汞离子的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,汞离子分析测定的线性范围为0.1—10.0μm ol.L^-1,检出限为0.096μm o.lL^-1。     

水溶性硫化铅纳米粒子的合成及应用于汞离子检测

室温下以柠檬酸三纳为稳定剂,在水相中合成了PbS纳米粒子（NP-PbS）。用共振光散射技术（RLS）探索了最佳条件下,体系RLS强度（IRLS）与汞离子浓度在0.001—10μmol/L测定区间内呈现良好的线性（r=0.9941）,据此,建立了测定水中的微量汞的方法。方法的检出限为0.6nmol/L,样品加标平均回收率为100.35%。     

胸腺嘧啶振动光谱的DFT理论研究及与实验结果的比较

文章运用DFT(density functional theory,密度泛函理论)计算了Th(Thymine, 胸腺嘧啶)的分子振动光谱,计算时,作者采用了B3LYP混合泛函和6-31G基函数组, 并对重原子和轻原子使用离散函数和极化函数;考虑到胸腺嘧啶晶体粉末中每两个分子之间可能形成氢键,作者加入两个水分子来模拟晶体内分子间氢键的影响。同时,在实验上测量了胸腺嘧啶的拉曼光谱和红外光谱,理论计算结果与实验结果基本一致,结果表明,同已报道的计算结果相比,文章的计算结果总体上更接近实验值。通过理论和实验数据的比较分析,对胸腺嘧啶的每个振动模式进行了归属。     

胸腺嘧啶分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论和从头计算研究

采用量子化学B3LYP(含电子相关效应的杂化密度泛函)方法和HF(Hartree-Fock, 哈特利-福克)方法,在6-31+G**(C,H,N,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对TH(Thymine, 胸腺嘧啶)分子进行了几何结构优化,计算了TH分子的NRS(normal Raman scattering, 常规拉曼散射)光谱和TH与Ag原子以及Ag₂团簇吸附的SERS(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 表面增强拉曼散射)光谱,并将两种理论方法计算的结果和实验值进行比较。结果表明：对于NRS光谱,采用DFT方法的计算结果比HF方法的计算结果更符合已有实验值;而对于SERS光谱,采用HF方法的计算结果更好。最后,通过GaussView可视化软件,对TH分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。     

胸腺嘧啶低能量VUV光解离路径的实验和理论研究

利用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱和理论计算研究了胸腺嘧啶的光解离反应路径, 通过改变光子能量得到不同的质谱信号, 光子能量在12.0 eV时主要的碎片有m/z=98 (C₄H₆N₂₄O⁺)、97 (C₄H₅N₂O⁺)、84 (C₃H₄N₂O⁺或C<     

胸腺嘧啶单体及环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体的表面增强拉曼散射

采用DFT-B3LYP方法,6-311G(d,p)(C,H,O原子)和lanl2dz（Ag原子）基组计算了胸腺嘧啶单体（Th）和DNA光损伤产物—环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体（Th2）吸附在Ag纳米粒子上形成复合物的结构和表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）。结果显示, Ag纳米粒子在胸腺嘧啶单体（Th）和环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体中最有利的吸附位点是O7位,相比于单个分子,复合物Th-Ag,Th2-Ag的结构和光谱发生了变化。对胸腺嘧啶单体分子,其SERS的增强因子为10,主要由N-H伸缩振动引起;复合物Th2-Ag中, SERS增强了大约18倍,主要由C2=O的伸缩振动引起,此增强机理属于极化率变化产生的静化学增强。     

低能N+注入胸腺嘧啶的XPS研究

低能离子注入引起生物体诱变效应的机理一直是人们关注的问题.DNA是辐射作用的靶,文章对低能氮离子注入胸腺嘧啶后的样品进行了XPS研究,发现注入后C,N,0三元素的质量百分比的相对值发生了变化,N,O含量下降,C含量明显增加.精细结构分析发现,O(ls)峰的峰位发生偏移,N(1s)峰由注入前的单峰变为3个峰,C(ls)峰由注入前的2个峰变为注入后的单峰,说明注入后各元素所处的化学环境和物理结构都发生了较大改变,N 注入能导致胸腺嘧啶分子结构的破坏,改变原结构状态.     

银岛膜表面胸腺嘧啶吸附行为的表面增强拉曼光谱和表面增强红外光谱研究

利用激光刻蚀法制备了具有化学纯净表面的银岛膜,该岛膜有很好的表面增强特性。利用表面增强拉曼光谱和表面增强红外光谱对胸腺嘧啶分子在银岛膜表面的吸附状态进行了对比研究。表面增强拉曼光谱中CN和C—O伸缩振动模式的出现表明胸腺嘧啶分子由原来的酮式结构变成了烯醇式结构;C(4)O伸缩振动谱带明显增强和N(3)的去质子化异构体特征峰的存在证明胸腺嘧啶分子是通过O(8)和N(3)的共同作用倾斜地吸附在银岛膜表面。对10-5 mol.L-1胸腺嘧啶在银岛膜表面上的红外光谱利用欧米采样器进行了反射法测量,发现其红外吸收增强了200倍。红外信号分析的结果支持了胸腺嘧啶分子通过O(8)与银表面发生相互作用的论断,同时也可得出胸腺嘧啶倾斜地吸附在银岛膜表面的结论。     

碳纳米管与氨基酸作用的光散射性质研究

研究了在乙醇中超声分散后的碳纳米管(CNT)与氨基酸相互作用的光散射性质.实验考察了激发波长,pH值,CNT浓度和水的百分含量对CNT光散射强度的影响;在优化的实验条件下,发现CNT与白氨酸作用时,CNT的散射强度会随着白氨酸的浓度的增加而增加,但是与天冬酰胺作用时,CNT的散射强度会随着天冬酰胺的浓度的增加而减弱,此方法有望用于对此二种氨基酸的实际分析测定.     

儿茶素-胸腺嘧啶分子间相互作用模式的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31+G*基组水平上研究了儿茶素-胸腺嘧啶分子间相互作用机制,得到稳定的儿茶素-胸腺嘧啶复合物13个,并且复合物形成了2个或更多的氢键. 另外,在相同机组水平上进行了振动分析,结果表明儿茶素-胸腺嘧啶复合物间存在N-H…O、C-H…O、O-H…O三种类型氢键,氢键对于复合物的稳定性起着重要的作用. 应用了分子中的原子理论和自然键轨道理论对这13种复合物中氢键的性质和特征进行了分析. 发现所有的氢键复合物进行基组重叠误差校正后的相互作用能为-18.15～-32.99     

Spectroscopic Studies on Pure and Histidine-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet-visible studies were carried out for pure and histidine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Electron paramagnetic resonance absorption spectral data were found to be the best fit for the Gaussian lineshape. The g-values indicate the presence of magnetic impurities in the samples and the interaction between the localized electrons and delocalized electrons in the nanotubes trapped at defects or magnetic ion sites. The electron spin concentration decreases with increasing concentration of histidine, which implies that the unpaired electrons undergo a reduction process in the histidine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Fourier transform infrared study confirms the presence of functional groups in pure and histidine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Ultraviolet-visible study reveals the formation of a charge transfer complex in histidine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes.     

甲钴胺与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱特性

应用荧光光谱法、紫外吸收光谱法及共振光散射法,研究了甲钴胺 (Mecobalamin) 与牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 之间的相互作用。在pH=7.40的三羟甲基胺基甲烷-盐酸 (Tris-HCl) 缓冲溶液中,随着甲钴胺浓度的增加,BSA的荧光强度、共振散射光强度逐渐减弱。通过计算不同温度(293,303,310 K)下的猝灭常数 (K_sv=5.40×10⁴,6.90×10⁴,8.00×10⁴ L/mol) 及扫描紫外吸收光谱,确定了甲钴胺对牛血清白蛋白的猝灭机理为动态猝灭。测定了该反应的表观结合常数 (K_A=1.68×10⁴,4.34×10⁴,7.90×10⁴ L/mol)和结合位点数 (n≈1)。利用热力学参数 (ΔH>0、ΔG<0和ΔS>0) 确定了分子间的作用力性质,作用力主要是疏水作用力,作用过程是自发的。同时应用同步荧光技术研究了甲钴胺对BSA构象的影响。结果表明,甲钴胺没有引起BSA构象的变化。     

光谱法研究水溶性羧基化碳纳米管与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

纳米材料与蛋白质等生物大分子的相互作用是纳米材料生物效应和安全性研究的重要基础。本实验利用荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)等方法研究了四种结构特性不同的水溶性羧基化碳纳米管(long-SWCNTs-COOH,short-SWCNTs-COOH,DWCNTs-COOH,MWCNTs-COOH)与人血清白蛋白(human serum albumin, HSA)的相互作用。实验结果显示：四种水溶性羧基碳纳米管均能猝灭HSA的内源荧光,但猝灭能力有所不同,相同浓度下不同水溶性羧基化碳纳米管对HSA的荧光猝灭作用遵循如下规律：DWCNTs-COOH＜MWCNTs-COOH＜long-SWCTs-COOH＜short-SWCNTs-COOH;四种碳纳米管对HSA的同步荧光光谱影响表明,MWCNTs-COOH的作用位点更靠近色氨酸(Trp)残基,而DWCNTs-COOH的作用位点更靠近酪氨酸(Tyr)残基,而long-SWCNTs-COOH和short-SWCNTs-COOH对两种氨基酸残基的作用无明显差别;在碳纳米管作用下,HSA 的圆二色谱有微弱的变化,且与α-螺旋、β-折叠含量变化基本一致。结果表明,不同碳纳米管对HSA的荧光猝灭能力与它们的结构特性有关,两者作用过程中HSA构象基本不变,二级结构有微小变化,但无明显的剂量-效应关系。根据实验结果对可能的作用机制进行了讨论。     

关于碳纳米管反常反斯托克斯拉曼(AASR)光谱现象的研究

在碳纳米管中观察到了反常反斯托克斯拉曼（ＡＡＳＲ）光谱现象,并发现ＡＡＳＲ现象与碳纳米管的管层数和碳材料的片层样结构无关,因而揣测它可能只与碳纳米管的管状结构有联系。     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites Reinforced with Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

Multi-scale hybrid composite laminates of epoxy/carbon fiber (CF) reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated in an autoclave. For laminate fabrication, 0.5 wt% of pristine MWCNTs or silane-functionalized MWNCTs (f-MWCNTs) were dispersed into a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy system and applied on the woven carbon fabric. The neat epoxy/CF composite and the MWCNTs-reinforced epoxy/CF hybrid composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), tensile testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). A significant improvement in initial decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of epoxy/CF composite was observed when reinforced with 0.5 wt% of f-MWCNTs. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), measured by TMA, diminished by 22% compared to the epoxy/CF composite, indicating an improvement in dimensional stability of the hybrid composite. No significant improvement in tensile properties of either MWCNTs/epoxy/CF composites was observed compared to those of the neat epoxy/CF composite.     

Studies on the Nonisothermal Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites

Polypropylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PP/MWNTs) nanocomposites were prepared by a melt compounding process. The morphology and nonisothermal crystallization of these nanocomposites were investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of PP/MWNTs composite showed that the MWNTs were well dispersed in the PP matrix and displayed a clear nucleating effect on PP crystallization. Avrami theory, modified by Jeziorny and Mo's method, was used to analyze the kinetics of the nonisothermal crystallization process. It was found that the addition of MWNTs improved the crystallization rate and increased the peak crystallization temperature of the PP/MWNTs nanocomposites as compared with PP. The results show that the Jeziorny theory and Mo's method successfully describe the nonisothermal crystallization process of PP and PP/MWNTs nanocomposites.     

碳纳米管在银基底上的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究(英文)

介绍了一种单壁碳纳米管表面增强拉曼散射的新方法。依据碳纳米管独特的力学性能,在银表面直接研磨单壁碳纳米管,在形成纳米级粗糙银表面的同时,单壁碳纳米管也吸附在银表面上。在银表面粗糙程度和单壁碳纳米管厚度适中的区域得到了高质量的单壁碳纳米管SERS谱。该方法消除了溶剂的干扰,保证了结果的准确性,理论分析和实验结果表明该方法是正确的、可行的     

Investigations on Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Composites

Natural rubber, as well as natural reinforced rubber, with different carbon nanotubes concentrations, 10 and 20 mm, thick, have been structurally, chemically, and thermally investigated. Scanning electron microscopy techniques, as well as X-ray energy dispersive analysis, Raman, and thermal conductivity analysis, were used in characterizing materials in order to establish a connection among the CNT concentration, homogeneity of reinforcing elements within the natural rubber, and their thermal conductivity characteristics. The theoretical approach reveals the dependence between the thermal conductivity and reinforcing elements. The final result confirms the increase of the effective thermal conductivity with the concentration of CNT.     

Ar离子溅射生成碳纳米管

用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TE),研究了离子溅射石墨表面的形貌特征和结构,证实了碳纳米管可通过溅射原子在表面形貌突起部位沉积生长.     

Theoretical Studies on Interaction Between Methanol and Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We study the adsorption of a methanol molecule on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with various diameters and chiral angles by using the density functional theory based calculations. We find that methanol prefers to be adsorbed physically on the exterior surface of chiral nanotubes in comparison to the armchair and zigzag tubes with binding energy of about-2.76 kcal/mol, which is consistent with recent experimental andtheoretical investigation results. We further consider the adsorption of methanol on the exterior surface and edge site of functionalized SWCNTs. The obtained results indicate that the binding energy of methanol is significantly increased for adsorption on the sidewall of functionalized nanotubes. It is also found that the adsorption of methanol at the edge site of both functionalizedand pristine SWCNT is remarkably different (chemisoption process) incomparison to the exterior sidewall of the tubes. Furthermore, the electronic structures and Mulliken charge population of the considered complexes at their ground state are discussed within the context.