Single-chiral bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine (pybox). Efficiency in asymmetric catalytic cyclopropanation

Single-chiral bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine ligands were examined as ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric catalytic cyclopropanation of olefins: enantioselectivities up to 94% for the trans-cyclopropane were observed.     

Novel structure-defined chiral bis(oxazolinyl)thiophenes for Ru-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation

The novel structures of sulfur-containing chiral bis(oxazoline) compounds which have been synthesized have been determined by X-ray crystal diffraction analyses. A high enantioselectivity (ee >99%) in the asymmetric cyclopropanation of diphenylethene with diazoester using the bis(oxazoline)-Ru(II) catalyst was obtained.     

The first solid-phase synthesis of bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine ligands

Chiral Pybox (pyridine-2,6-bis(oxazoline)) ligands can be cleanly and efficiently prepared on polystyrene support via a five-step solid-phase synthetic sequence. Cu(I)-complexed polymer-bound Pybox was used as a catalyst in the first heterogeneously catalyzed asymmetric addition of alkynes to imines. Best enantioselectivity was observed with (t)Bu-substituted oxazolines.     

Ru(II)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation using chiral diphenylphosphino(oxazolinyl)quinoline ligands

Several chiral 8-diphenylphosphino-2-oxazolinylquinolines were synthesized starting from 2-cyano-8-hydroxyquinoline. These N,N,P-chelates were successfully employed in the Ru(II)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions of diazo-alkenes. The catalytic system exhibited good reactivity and high thermal stability and provided high yields in the intramolecular cyclopropanation, albeit somewhat decreased enantioselectivities compared to known catalytic systems. A dramatic dependency of the enantioselectivity on the substituents of the oxazoline ring was observed.     

Chiral quinolinyl-oxazolines as ligands for copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation

Chiral quinolinyl-oxazoline compounds have been synthesized from enantiomerically pure amino alcohols and 8-quinoline-carboxylic acid using a convenient procedure. Asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with diazoacetates in the presence of 1 mol% of CuOTf and quinolinyl-oxazolines gave 2-phenylcyclopropane carboxylates in moderate enantiomeric excesses.     

C1-symmetric oxazolinyl sulfoximines as ligands in copper-catalyzed asymmetric mukaiyama aldol reactions

Aryl-bridged C1-symmetric oxazolinyl sulfoximines are applicable in copper-catalyzed asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reactions with methyl pyruvate. The resulting alpha-hydroxy esters have been obtained with up to 94% ee in good yields. They contain a quaternary stereogenic center and represent valuable precursors for biologically active molecules.     

Synthesis of two new chiral fluorous bis(oxazolines) and their applications as ligands in catalytic asymmetric reactions

Two new chiral fluorous bis(oxazolines) with a fluorous content of 56.9% and 59.3%, respectively, have been prepared starting from (S)-serine and (S)-tyrosine. Applications of these compounds as fluorous box ligands in asymmetric alkylations gave ees up to 92%, and in allylic oxidations ees up to 50%. Recycling and reuse of the ligands in asymmetric alkylation and of the catalytic system in allylic oxidation gave the same enantioselectivities.     

Highly efficient Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions catalyzed by bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl-Pd(II) complex

Bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl-palladium(II)(Phebox-Pd) complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl boronic acids and their derivatives with aryl halides to give the corresponding biaryl products in high yield along with moderate enantioslectivities in the case of axially chiral induction. The catalytic activity was attained more than 900,000 of TON and 45,000 of TOF. The catalyst can be recovered quantitatively and could be reused for Suzuki-Miyaura reactions.     

Enantioselective oxidation of olefins catalyzed by chiral copper bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine complexes: a reassessment

Copper complexes of chiral tridentate pybox ligands synthesized using a modified procedure have been studied as catalysts for the enantioselective allylic oxidation of olefins. A variety of olefins have been used in this reaction. Using 5 mol% of a Cu(II) complex of the tridentate pybox ligand, phenylhydrazine, and tert-butyl perbenzoate as oxidant in acetone, optically active allylic benzoates were obtained up to 94% ee in few hours. It was also observed that the use of molecular sieves in the reaction did not alter the enantioselectivity. Temperature was found to be very crucial in rate of the enantioselective allylic oxidation of olefins. Using EPR spectra, it has been shown that the Cu(II) species is reduced to Cu(I) by phenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazone, but the reduction with the former is faster in comparison to the latter. It was concluded that the rate enhancement was not specific to the presence of phenylhydrazine or phenylhydrazone, but both were equally responsible provided acetone was used as a solvent.     

Chiral ligands with pyridine donors in transition metal catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropanation and hydrosilylation reactions

Copper(I) and rhodium(I) complexes prepared in situ from [Cu(OTf)(C₆H₆)_0.5] and [Rh(cod)Cl]₂ with a range of chiral 2,2′-bipyridines, 5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthrolines, 1,10-phenanthrolines and 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridines were assessed as chiral catalysts for the enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene with diazoacetates and for the hydrosilylation of acetophenone with diphenylsilane. Enantioselectivities up to 68% in the cyclopropanation and up to 32% in the hydrosilylation were obtained.     

Synthesis and application in asymmetric catalysis of camphor-based pyridine ligands

This tutorial review deals with the synthesis and application in asymmetric catalysis of camphor-based pyridine ligands. These ligands can be roughly divided into two groups: those in which the camphor is annulated in the 2,3-positions to the beta-face of the pyridine ring and those in which the pyridine is contained as a pendant on the C2 or C3 of the camphor framework. Camphor-based pyridine ligands can also contain other donor centers located on the pyridine ring or camphor skeleton. Some of these ligands have provided interesting enantioselectivities in several asymmetric reactions, such as S(N)2' reactions, allylic oxidations, carbonyl additions with organozinc reagents and hydrogenations. This review contains a lot of chemistry on ligand synthesis and readers will find it of value and also perhaps an inspiration for the development of more active and improved versions.     

Synthesis of homochiral pentadentate sulfonamide-based ligands

A two-step synthesis of pentadentate, tetraionic ligands based on sulfonamide, amide, and pyridyl groups is reported. These ligands are easily accessible in good to excellent yield from commercially available materials.     

Enhancement of enantioselectivity by alcohol additives in asymmetric hydrogenation with bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl ruthenium catalysts

Bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl ruthenium(II) complexes were found to catalyze asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones, in which chiral bulky alcohol additives showed significant enhancement of enantioselectivity even in protic solvents.     

A reusable, insoluble polymer-bound bis(oxazoline) (IPB-box) for highly enantioselective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions

A reusable, insoluble polystyrene-supported bis(oxazoline) was developed, affording e.e.s > 90% in the heterogeneous enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with ethyl diazoacetate.     

Designing new ligands: asymmetric cyclopropanation by Cu(i) complexes based on functionalised pyridine-containing macrocyclic ligands

The synthesis and characterisation of copper(i) complexes, including two crystal structures of the new chiral pyridine-containing macrocyclic ligands (PC-type), and their use as catalysts in asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions are reported.     

Azaarene cis-dihydrodiol-derived 2,2'-bipyridine ligands for asymmetric allylic oxidation and cyclopropanation

Biphenyl dioxygenase-catalysed cis-dihydroxylation of 2-chloroquinoline, 2-chloro-3-methylquinoline and 2-chloro-6-phenylpyridine substrates yielded the corresponding enantiopure cis-dihydrodiols; enantiopure 2,2'-bipyridines, synthesised in four steps from 2-chloroquinoline, proved to be efficient chiral ligands in catalytic asymmetric allylic oxidation and cyclopropanation reactions of alkenes.     

New amidophosphine-phosphinites (tLANOPs) as chiral ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation reactions

The new amidophosphine-phosphinite (AMPP) ligands 4a–g (called tLANOP ligands) derived from the chiral hydroxy amide (R)- or (S)-2-hydroxy-3,3,N-trimethylbutyramide have been prepared in 48–83% yield. The crystal structures of the square planar complexes [(SP-4-3)-Pd((R)-dmphea)((S)-4a)]BF₄ and [Rh((R)-4a)(COD)]BF₄ have allowed the absolute configurations of the ligands to be assigned. In both complexes the 7-membered chelating ring of 4a has virtually the same twist-boat conformation. With this class of ligands the rhodium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 4-oxoisophorone enol acetate gave (S)-phorenol acetate in up to 71% ee. The iridium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of the cyclic iminium salts 16a and 16b afforded after work-up the corresponding cyclic secondary amine (S)-17 in up to 86% ee, when bulky groups were present on the phenyl substituents on the two phosphorus atoms.     

一种嵌有双亚胺基吡啶配体的全共轭有机聚合物材料及其在C-C偶联反应中的应用

报道了一种嵌有双亚胺基吡啶配体的全共轭有机聚合物材料. 该材料所具有的双亚胺基吡啶配体起到链接聚合物单元和络合金属中心的双重作用. 采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱以及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱等对其结构进行了详细表征和确认. 由于具有全共轭结构,该材料的热稳定性达到440 ℃,并且在常规溶剂中较难溶解. 作为多相催化剂载体,可以络合Pd离子形成新的多相配位催化剂,在经典的Suzuki-Miyaura C-C偶联反应中转化率和选择性均达到99%.