官能团化聚丙烯对Mg(OH)2/PP结晶与熔融行为的影响

制备了官能团化聚丙烯改性Mg(OH)2/PP复合材料，并用DSC研究了改性PP，Mg(OH)2/PP和改性Mg/(OH)2/PP中PP的结晶与熔融行为，官能团化PP（FPP），丙烯酸（AA）和Mg(OH)2都能提高PP的结晶温度，归结于异相成核作用，AA和FPP加入进一步使Mg(OH)/PP中PP结晶温度提高，但AA用量增加对PP结晶温度无影响。     

聚乙烯醇/明胶/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料热塑加工性能研究

结合固相剪切碾磨技术(S3M),以胶原纤维(Col)在熔融挤出过程中原位降解成明胶(Gel),通过Gel与聚乙烯醇(PVA)分子间形成氢键复合增塑PVA,改善聚乙烯醇/纳米羟基磷灰石(PVA/n-HA)复合材料的热塑加工性能.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和高压毛细管流变仪等研究了复合材料的结构与热塑加工性能.结果表明,通过S3M技术实现了n-HA在PVA基体中的均匀分散;FTIR表明Gel与PVA间形成了氢键作用和部分接枝反应;Gel和PVA分子间的氢键作用使PVA/Gel/n-HA复合材料的初始分解温度提高到287.6℃,改善了PVA的热稳定性,PVA的结晶度由纯PVA的58.2%降低到复合材料中的24.5%,使其熔点降低至130.5℃,拓宽了PVA/n-HA复合材料的加工范围,获得超过140 K的热塑加工窗口.Gel有效降低了PVA/nHA复合材料表观黏度,改善了PVA/n-HA复合材料的热塑加工性能.     

大分子相容剂改性Mg(OH)2/PP阻燃材料的性能

用双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出法制备了相容剂改性氢氧化镁/聚丙烯[Mg(OH)2/PP]阻燃材料。研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MA),马来酸酐接枝(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物(POE-g-MA)和马来酸酐接枝聚醋酸乙烯酯(EVA-g-MA)3种大分子相容剂对阻燃材料的熔体流动性、结晶行为、力学性能和断口形态的影响。结果表明:相容剂PP-g-MA和POE-g-MA的加入使阻燃材料的熔体流动速率降低,PP结晶温度提高,EVA-g-MA的加入使阻燃材料熔体流动速率数提高;Mg(OH)2对PP结晶存在异相成核作用,Mg(OH)2的加入使PP的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低,杨氏模量提高;相容剂改性后Mg(OH)2/PP阻燃材料的拉伸强度提高,其中以PP-g-MA最为明显,而POE-g-MA则提高了阻燃材料的冲击强度。     

盐浓度与海藻酸钠/磷虾蛋白复合体系性能的相关性

采用湿法纺丝技术制备了海藻酸钠/磷虾蛋白(SA/AKP)复合纤维, 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了SA/AKP复合体系的氢键相互作用, 用X射线衍射仪、 流变仪及SEM研究了盐(NaCl)浓度对复合体系的结晶、 流动性和形态结构的影响. 结果表明, SA/AKP复合体系中存在分子内和分子间氢键, 分子间氢键的强度随复合材料中盐浓度的增加而增强. 盐浓度的增加导致SA/AKP复合材料的结晶度增加, 流动黏度先降低后增加, 力学性能先增加后降低. SA/AKP纤维的SEM照片显示结晶的盐与纤维分离, 并且复合纤维表面沟槽结构逐渐减少, 表面更加致密光滑. AKP在SA/AKP复合体系中呈完全取向状态.     

接枝共聚法制备聚乙二醇(PEG)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)高分子固-固相变材料性能研究

用接枝共聚法将具有相变特征的聚乙二醇(PEG)接枝到具有较高熔点的聚乙烯醇(PVA)主链上,得到了系列性能稳定的PEG/PVA高分子固-固相转变材料,用DSC,WAXD和POM对其相变行为及形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,该材料呈现出可逆的固-固相转变特性;其结晶峰值温度和相变焓比纯PEG低,接枝率对相变温度和归一化相变焓影响不大;接枝率只影响结晶与熔融行为,不影响结晶结构.     

聚L-乳酸/4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚共混物的分子间相互作用及结晶和熔融行为

利用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)研究了聚乳酸(PLLA)/4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚(TDP)熔融共混物的分子间相互作用,结果表明,PLLA的羰基与TDP的羟基之间形成了分子间氢键.通过差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了共混物的玻璃化转变行为及非等温结晶和熔融行为.结果表明,样品的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随TDP含量的增加呈线性下降.共混物的熔融结晶温度(Tc)、结晶焓(ΔHc)、熔融温度(Tm)及熔融焓(ΔHm)均随TDP含量的增加呈下降趋势,而冷结晶温度的变化趋势则相反.当TDP达到40%(质量分数)时,共混物的DSC曲线既未出现结晶峰,也未出现熔融峰,表明该样品已完全成为非晶态物质.广角X射线衍射(WAXD)分析结果表明,TDP的加入未改变PLLA的晶型,但导致其晶面间距变大,晶体结构变得松散.因此共混物熔点的下降归因于分子间氢键的形成降低了PLLA分子链的运动能力及晶体的紧密程度而非晶型的改变.     

尿素/乙醇胺复配增塑聚乙烯醇性能的研究

采用尿素/乙醇胺为复合增塑剂,利用流延法制备了增塑改性的PVA膜.通过FTIR法研究了尿素/乙醇胺复合体系与PVA的相互作用,采用XRD、DSC考察了增塑改性PVA膜的结晶性能和热性能.研究结果表明,乙醇胺作为尿素的良溶剂,能有效抑制尿素从PVA基体中析出.由尿素、乙醇胺组成的复合增塑剂能破坏PVA分子中的氢键作用、降低PVA的结晶度和熔点,对PVA的增塑作用显著.增塑改性后的PVA膜在水中的溶胀率(DS)下降,溶失率(S)增加.力学性能测试表明增塑改性后的PVA膜拉伸强度(TS)降低,断裂伸长率(E%)提高.含30phr尿素/乙醇胺的PVA膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为23.89MPa和542.88%.     

聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠互穿网络水凝胶结构与性能研究

采用天然高分子海藻酸钠(SA)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合,通过化学交联法制备PVA/SA互穿网络水凝胶。SA的加入减弱了PVA分子间的氢键作用,而随SA含量增加,SA分子与PVA分子间的氢键作用增强。同时凝胶网络由致密变得疏松,网孔增大,出现微相分离的"核壳"结构。由于交联后的SA与PVA分子的Tg较接近,水凝胶仅有一个Tg,两相仍为部分相容。应变及频率扫描曲线中低应变区的储能模量远大于损耗模量,其网络松弛因子n值接近0,证明该凝胶具有较完整的网络结构,并表现为弹性。适量的SA可提高凝胶的力学及溶胀性能。     

气相白炭黑/低分子量聚乙二醇悬浮体系的分子弛豫与流变行为

采用亲水气相二氧化硅(FS)、非缠结聚乙二醇(PEG,重均分子量400)制备悬浮体系,考察FS体积分数(φ)对PEG本体相α-松弛、结晶行为及悬浮体系流变行为的影响.结果表明,FS可延缓PEG本体相α-松弛,提高玻璃化转变温度,并显著增加浮体系黏度,降低本体PEG相结晶与熔融焓.低填充时,FS起成核作用;高填充时,FS延迟PEG分子扩散,并降低结晶温度.FS对PEG结晶的不同作用发生在悬浮体系溶胶-凝胶转变附近,此时悬浮液非线性动态流变行为呈现显著的硬化软化特性,线性动态流变行为呈现最为显著的频率依赖性.通过建立线性动态流变行为叠加曲线,揭示了FS对PEG分子链扩散行为的显著推迟作用.     

填充间规聚苯乙烯的结晶

间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)性能取决于结晶行为与晶型,sPS结晶行为与形态有许多研究.本文重点综述了黏土、纳米CaCO3、滑石粉、SiO2、Mg(OH)2、TiO2,和成核剂等对sPS结晶行为、结晶形态、熔融特性与晶型的影响.认为sPS结晶行为与晶型取决于成核能垒.成核能垒低,有利于形成α-晶.熔融温度提高,提高成核能垒,有利于形成β-晶.填料加入阻碍sPS结晶成核,提高成核能垒,有利于形成β-晶.成核剂加入,降低成核能垒,有利于形成α-晶.     

Manufacturing of pH sensitive PVA/PVP/MWCNT and PVA/PEG/MWCNT nanocomposites: an approach for significant drug release

The purpose of this paper is studying the effect of incorporation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) into two different nanocomposites in poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and PVA/Polyethylene glycol (PEG). MWCNT were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using acetylene and Fe/Co/Al₂O₃ as carbon precursor and catalyst, respectively. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid were used for purification and functionalization of MWCNT. Afterward, highly pure and functionalized MWCNT (0, 0.02, and 0.05% w/w) were incorporated in PVA/PVP and PVA/PEG to synthesize PVA/PVP/MWCNT and PVA/PEG/MWCNT nanocomposites hydrogel membranes that cross-linked by freezing–thawing. PEG and PVP were selected in these nanocomposites as dispersion matrix for MWCNT as well as for increasing the elasticity of the nanocomposites membranes. The morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogel membranes were investigated. The swelling behavior in different pH-buffer solutions was studied as well as studying weight loss percentage and swelling kinetic. The drug releasing process of the hydrogel membranes was investigated using salicylic acid as a model drug. It was found that MWCNT are dispersed well into the polymers and crystallinity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the hydrogels contain MWCNT are better than that without MWCNT. Maximum degree of swelling was observed at pH 7 and swelling degree increases with increasing the ratio of MWCNT in the hydrogels from 0.02 to 0.05%. All hydrogel membranes followed non-Fickian mechanism and drug releasing were controlled by varying the pH and amount of MWCNT.     

用于燃料电池的聚乙烯醇/纤维素/聚乙二醇碱性阴离子交换复合膜的制备及性能

通过对聚乙烯醇(PVA)/季铵化羟乙基乙氧基纤维素(QHECE)共混膜进行聚乙二醇(PEG)聚塑化改性, 采用物理-化学交联联用法制备了PVA/QHECE/PEG碱性阴离子交换复合膜. 通过交流(AC)阻抗、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 热重分析(TGA)、 气相色谱(GC)和拉伸实验等手段考察了不同PEG添加量对膜的离子电导率、 分子结构、 微观形貌、 热稳定性、 力学强度、 甲醇渗透率和耐碱稳定性等性能. 结果表明, PEG的加入(除最小比例外)提高了膜的离子电导率和力学强度并使其柔韧性增大. 同时, 膜的热稳定性比未添加PEG时提高了40℃. 将PVA/QHECE/PEG膜在80℃, 6 mol/L KOH浓碱溶液中浸渍处理264 h, 膜的电导率从1.06×10^-3 S/cm提高到3.88×10^-3 S/cm, 而膜的外观和力学强度及含水率未发生明显变化, 表明该膜具有很好的耐碱化学稳定性. 此外, 以3 mol/L甲醇溶液为测试目标, 膜的甲醇渗透率<10^-7 cm²/s, 仅为商业用Nafion^®膜的1/20~1/40.     

Transport properties of PVA/PEI/PEG composite membranes: sorption and permeation characterizations

Poly(vinylalcohol)/poly(ethyleneglycol)/poly(ethyleneimine) blend membranes were prepared by solution casting followed by solvent evaporation. The chemical structure of the prepared membranes was analyzed by FTIR and DSC. The sorption behavior as well as the permeabilities of the membranes for pure CO₂ and N₂ were investigated. The results show that the PVA/PEI/PEG membranes possess a higher permeability of CO₂ and a lower permeability of N₂. The membrane displays a CO₂ permeability of 27 Barrer, and a N₂ permeability of 3 Barrer at 25°C and 1 bar. CO₂ sorption behavior of the composite membrane, which can be classified as a dual-mode sorption model, and N₂ sorption behavior of the copolymeric membrane is in agreement with the Fickian diffusion model.      

超临界二氧化碳协助制备功能性PVA/CNT/Pd多级复合纳米材料

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是分子主链含有—CH2—CH(OH)—基团的高聚物,通过聚醋酸乙烯酯水解得到的水溶性高分子树脂。本工作在超临界CO2的辅助下使用聚乙烯醇来修饰碳纳米管(CNTs),目的是增强CNTs在水中的分散性。进一步利用这种PVA修饰过的CNTs作为催化剂载体,负载金属钯的纳米晶体颗粒,通过调节超临界CO2的压力以及控制反应过程中的磁力搅拌条件,实现了对PVA/CNT/Pd复合材料中钯纳米晶体形貌的控制,为研究水介质Suzuki coupling反应(铃木偶合反应)寻求一条新的道路。     

Silver nanoparticles blended PEG/PVA nanocomposites synthesis and characterization for food packaging

In this research investigation Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using rapid biological methods using leaf broth of Capparis zeylanica that provides an environmentally friendly, simple and efficient route for synthesis. Anti-microbial study was investigated against different pathogenic bacteria. Synthesized AgNPs were blended with PVA/PEG biopolymer blend and it has been confirmed by FTIR, DSC, Moisture absorption and Anti-microbial analysis that the AgNPs enhances the stability of the polymer PVA/PEG. This thin film composite shows an excellent characteristic in all aspect that able it for food packaging and bio medical applications.     

Effects of annealing and the addition of PEG on the PVA based hydrogel by gamma ray

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is an interesting material with good biocompatibility, high elasticity and hydrophilic characteristics. PVA hydrogels have been formed through chemical crosslinking with aldehyde, photopolymerization and physical crosslinking with freeze-thawing. In this study, crosslinked hydrogels based on PVA, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared by gamma-ray irradiation, and then annealed at 120 °C. The properties of a hydrogel such as gel fraction, swelling behavior, gel strength as a function of PEG content and annealing time were investigated. Also, the thermal behaviors were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The gel fraction decreases with an increase in PEG content and decrease in annealing time. The tensile strength increases with an increase in annealing time. The thermal behaviors have shown different patterns according to the annealing time. The improved properties suggest that PVA/PEG blend hydrogel can be a good candidate for applications in the articular cartilage.     

A Bi‐Layer PVA/CMC/PEG Hydrogel with Gradually Changing Pore Sizes for Wound Dressing

Wound dressings are vital for cutaneous wound healing. In this study, a bi‐layer dressing composed of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol (PVA/CMC/PEG) hydrogels is produced through a thawing–freezing method based on the study of the pore size of single‐layer hydrogels. Then the physical properties and healing of full‐thickness skin defects treated with hydrogels are inspected. The results show that the pore size of the single‐layer PVA/CMC/PEG hyrogel can be controlled. The obtained non‐adhesive bi‐layer hydrogels show gradually increasing pore sizes from the upper to the lower layer and two layers are well bonded. In addition, bi‐layer dressings with good mechanical properties can effectively prevent bacterial penetration and control the moisture loss of wounds to maintain a humid environment for wounds. A full‐thickness skin defect test shows that bi‐layer hydrogels can significantly accelerate wound closure. The experiment indicates that the bi‐layer PVA/CMC/PEG hydrogels can be used as potential wound dressings.     

硫化锌掺锰/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

利用静电纺丝法与气固反应相结合, 成功地制备了硫化锌掺锰/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维, 并对所制备的复合物进行了表征, 探讨了复合物的结构及其性能.     

Confinement effect of SiO2 framework on phase change of PEG in shape-stabilized PEG/SiO2 composites

PEG/SiO₂ shape-stabilized phase change materials with various mass fractions and molecular weights of PEG were prepared by the sol–gel method. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were chosen as the phase change substance and the silica framework precursor, respectively. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. It is shown that the silica framework strongly confined the crystallization of PEG. The crystallinity and thermodynamic performance of the composites were undesirable for PEG with molecular weight of 1500 even when the PEG content reached 80 wt%. The crystallinity and thermodynamic performances of the PEG/SiO₂ composites first decline then improve with the increase of the PEG molecular weights, owing to the different confinement behaviors of the silica framework. Finally, we investigated the phase change mechanism of the PEG/SiO₂ composites under the different confinement of the silica framework.     

大孔PAMPS/PVA半互穿网络型水凝胶的制备及其性能研究

以PEG6000为成孔剂, 合成了大孔聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)/聚乙烯醇半互穿网络型(s-IPN)水凝胶. 红外分析表明, PVA与PAMPS之间形成了较强的氢键, 使得PVA分子上的C—O伸缩振动吸收峰移向了低波数处. X射线衍射分析发现, 当PVA用量较高时, 由于部分的PVA结晶, 使得凝胶的半互穿网络结构不均匀. 电镜分析结果表明, 没有使用成孔剂的凝胶表面成褶皱形, 不存在任何孔洞结构; 而以PEG6000为成孔剂的凝胶表面存在相互贯穿的大孔结构. 研究了该水凝胶的溶胀性能, 结果表明, 该水凝胶的平衡溶胀度在116至320之间; 而成孔剂PEG6000的加入能较大幅度提高凝胶的溶胀速率, 凝胶在240 min之内就能达到溶胀平衡. 对凝胶抗压缩性能的研究表明, 当PVA用量为9.1% (w)时, 凝胶的抗压缩强度最大, 可达12.0 MPa; 而成孔剂的加入会在一定程度削弱凝胶的抗压缩强度. 该凝胶具有较好的电场敏感性, 研究发现, 将吸去离子水达到溶胀平衡的凝胶放入施加有电场的0.2 mol&#8226;L－1 NaCl溶液中时, 凝胶迅速偏向阳极. 而PVA和成孔剂PGE6000的用量均对凝胶的偏转速度以及最大偏转角存在较大的影响.