1-（4-硝基苯基）-3-（4,6-二甲基-2-嘧啶）-三氮烯的合成及其与锌（Ⅱ）的显色反应

合成了一种新显色剂1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(4,6-二甲基-2-嘧啶)-三氮烯(简称NPDMPMT),并研究了在非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100存在下,于pH为11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中与锌(Ⅱ)的显色反应.结果表明.Zn与试剂NPDMPMT形成1:2的橙黄色配合物,在456nm处有一最大正吸收,在530nm处有一最大负吸收,建立以530nm为参比波长,456nm为测量波长的双峰双波长测定法,其表观摩尔吸光系数为3.16×105L·mol-1·cm-1,锌(Ⅱ)浓度在0-8.0μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律.方法用于人发中微量锌的测定,结果令人满意.     

长枝沙菜Hypnea Charoides次级代谢物的分离与结构鉴定

对采自中国南海的红藻长枝沙菜 Hypnea Charoides的次级代谢物进行研究 ,从中分离得到 4个化合物 ,通过核磁共振、质谱等现代波谱分析技术确定其结构为 :豆甾 - 5 ,2 2 -二烯 - 3β-醇 - 3- o- β- D-吡喃葡萄糖甙 ( Ⅰ)、1 - o-十六碳酰基 -甘油酯 ( Ⅱ )、棕榈酸 ( Ⅲ )、正二十四烷 ( Ⅳ ) ,这些化学成分均首次从长枝沙菜中分离得到。     

牡丹不同根部位的代谢物分布

该文应用核磁共振（ NMR）和高效液相色谱-质谱（ HPLC-MS）技术系统分析了牡丹不同根部位的代谢物组成,共鉴定了包括蔗糖、苯乙酰类（ 4 种）、酚酸类（ 6 种）、单萜苷类（ 2 种）、黄酮类（ 1 种）和不饱和脂肪酸（ 2 种）共 16 种代谢物．在牡丹根中,丹皮酚以及丹皮酚苷等苯乙酰类成分和蔗糖的含量较高,而酚酸、黄酮和单萜苷类成分的含量较低．基于 NMR 的代谢组分析表明,牡丹不同根部位的代谢物组成具有明显差异：在二级侧根、一级侧根和主根中,丹皮酚及丹皮酚苷类的含量依次较高而蔗糖含量依次降低,这可能与不同根部位的植物生理有关;和侧根相比,主根中具有活性的代谢物含量较高,推测主根的品质优于侧根,这为市场上牡丹根皮的等级划分提供了重要的科学依据．

     

沙丘粗糙面的二次极化电磁散射

研究了新月形沙丘粗糙面的二次极化电磁散射. 结合射线追踪理论, 由一次散射面元的反射场照射到二次散射面元, 采用基尔霍夫近似推导了二次散射面元的二次极化散射场. 计算结果表明二次极化散射结果在特定的角度和类型范围内有显著影响. 在电磁波射向背风坡时可以发现其同极化散射截面在入射角较大时大于其他入射方向的结果, 入射角在休止角附近时的交叉极化散射截面出现峰值, 以及前后狭长沙丘之间的二次极化散射特别突出. 本文结果可用于反演分析沙漠地区的风场信息. 关键词： 新月形沙丘 二次极化散射 射线追踪 休止角     

Secondary X-rays emitted from foils upon transmission

Relative intensities of secondary X-rays induced by an isotope source in Fe and Cu foils with different thicknesses have been measured upon transmission through a foil using a Si(Li) detector. The experi-mental results indicate that (1) the intensity of secondary X-rays was raised with the increase of the foil’s thickness, which ranged from 5×10^?6 to 1×10^?4 m; (2) the higher Z the foil material had, the more characteristic X-rays would be excited from them; and (3) the intensity of secondary X-rays was related to the activity and energy of the excitation source, as well as the way of foil’s formation. The ‘model of effective neighboring excitation’ has been suggested. The calculation of elemental Cu based on the model described earlier agrees well with experimental data.     

Secondary electron emission from thin carbon films

For the purpose of investigating how secondary electrons are produced in carbon, the correlation between energy-loss events and secondary electrons was studied experimentally by using the coincidence method. If a secondary electron is detected in coincidence with an electron transmitted through a thin film which has lost an amount of energy E, then the process causing this energy loss results in the production of secondary electrons. We established the existence of these coincidences and have taken inelastic and coincidence spectra for films of different thickness. We found that in carbon secondary electrons are predominantly produced as a result of energy losses of about 20 eV, with an efficiency of about 5%. The escape depth of secondary electrons was also estimated to be approximately 30 Å.     

Secondary electron transport in photoemission from films

Transport of electrons which have undergone scattering with formation of electronhole pairs is considered within the framework of a one-dimensional model. Analytical expressions are obtained for the probability of secondary electron output into a vacuum and the interference pattern of light absorption in the film for film illumination from the direction of the substrate and from the vacuum side, with consideration of multiple electron scattering on phonons and the boundary of the emission layer.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No, 6, pp, 89–93, June, 1985.     

Ultrastructure of the siphonaceous green alga Halimeda cuneata,with emphasis on the cytoskeleton

Cytoplasm streaming is a fundamental process for the transport of molecules and organelles in plant cells. In vegetative filaments of the coenocytic green alga, Halimeda cuneata Hering, the spatial organisation of microtubules in the cytoplasmic layer, was observed under transmission electron microscopy. A cross section of a cortical filament shows a tubular cell wall enclosing a peripheral layer of cytoplasm with numerous chloroplasts, amyloplasts, nuclei, mitochondria and microtubules surrounding a small central vacuole. Towards the thallus medulla the central vacuole enlarges considerably and the cytoplasm becomes gradually reduced to a thin parietal layer, the number of organelles is reduced and the quantity of microtubules increases. Therefore, most of the thallus volume is occupied by the huge central vacuole which extends throughout the coenocytic filaments. Microtubules run longitudinally, being about 0.05 μm from each other. Some microtubules were observed in close association to cell organelles.     

Secondary particle emission from a ferromagnetic binary compound

Secondary ion emission from an ion-bombarded binary compound in the ferro- and paramagnetic states has been studied using experimental methods and molecular dynamics simulations. The experiments were performed with a widely used NiPd binary compound, which was bombarded by obliquely incident 10-keV Ar ions. It is established that the intensity of Ni⁺ and Pd⁺ ion emission from a polycrystalline NiPd sample decreases significantly when it passes from the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. This effect is explained by a change in the surface binding energy and density of surface states at the Fermi level and by a cumulative process related to sputtering. The energies and directions of emission of secondary particles from poly- and single-crystalline NiPd samples in the ferromagnetic state have been jointly studied. It is established that the maximum of the polar angular distribution of secondary particles deviates toward the normal to the irradiated surface with a decrease in their energy. A difference in the azimuthal distribution of emitted Ni and Pd particles has been observed during the bombardment of a (001)NiPd crystal face and explained by specific features of correlated collisions. The best agreement of experimental data with the results of molecular dynamics simulations is obtained if the calculations are performed with allowance for an experimentally established modified composition of the three uppermost surface layers [39].     

Secondary emission of carbon ions from graphite nanocrystallites

Emission of secondary C⁺ ions from the surface of well-oriented graphite nanocrystallites irradiated with 10 keV Ar⁺ ions has been studied. The energy distribution of emitted secondary ions has been measured. It has been found that the form of energy distribution and the energy corresponding to the maximum of distribution E_max depend on the polar angle θ of C⁺ ion emission. The linear dependence of energy in the maximum of energy spectrum of single-charged secondar y carbon ions on the polar angle of their emission E_max(θ) has been obtained. The mechanism responsible for the observed features of the energy spectra is discussed.