Bean临界态模型动力学基础讨论

C. P. Bean基于K. Mendelssohn海绵模型建立了非理想Ⅱ类超导体临界态理论, 从而形成了硬超导体电磁理论的重要基础之一.然而近年来基于涡旋动力学理论的发展,逐步形成了临界态动力学研究课题.涡旋运动导致宏观波函数的相滑移,和局域的Joule热等强烈非线性效应是形成自组织临界态物理基础.根据实验观测,磁通进入样品的前锋为线性分布,但其解析理论还在发展中.本文根据London超导理论,并结合Anderson磁通热激话理论讨论了该课题,给出了Slab样品中的电场、电流和磁通密度分布,定量解释了实验观察到的现象.     

高温超导体磁通跳跃数值模拟

文中基于超导磁通动力学理论,考虑电磁力与热激活对磁通运动的影响,基本物理模型由等效电阻率随超导体温度和磁场变化的磁通扩散方程,以及比热随超导体温度变化的热传导方程组成。在此基础上,用差分法数值求解了这一复杂非线性系统的磁热耦合控制方程,得到了与实验观测结果基本一致的数值模拟结果。结果还表明：外加磁场变化速度、超导体初始温度以及超导尺寸对于磁通跳跃均产生明显的影响。     

高温超导磁通跳跃过程中的磁致伸缩效应

文中基于超导磁通动力学理论,考虑电磁力与热激活对磁通运动的影响,基本模型包括由等效电阻率随超导体温度和磁场变化的磁通扩散方程,以及比热随超导体温度变化的热传导方程组成.在此基础上,用数值方法求解了这组非线性磁热耦合方程,主要研究了有磁通跳跃状发生状态时环境温度和外磁场速度对于高温超导磁致伸缩的影响.结果表明:磁通进入超...     

指数模型下长圆柱超导体内应力分布(英文)北大核心CSCD

本文研究了长圆柱高温超导体基于指数临界态模型,外部磁场B_a与无量纲参数p对磁通钉扎诱导的应力分布在零场冷却与场冷却的磁化过程中的影响.利用平面应变方法,得出长圆柱超导体在磁化过程中的环向与径向应力分布表达式.结果表明,B_a与p对应力分布的影响是依赖于磁化过程.通过对比指数临界态模型与Kim模型,应力分布是比较相似的,但应力峰值与转变区域是不同的,这说明了在分析实际磁弹问题时,指数模型可能更接近于实际情况.本文基于指数模型分析长圆柱超导体的应力分布对超导体磁弹问题的研究有一定的指导作用.     

指数模型下长圆柱超导体内应力分布（英文）

本文研究了长圆柱高温超导体基于指数临界态模型,外部磁场B_a与无量纲参数p对磁通钉扎诱导的应力分布在零场冷却与场冷却的磁化过程中的影响.利用平面应变方法,得出长圆柱超导体在磁化过程中的环向与径向应力分布表达式.结果表明,B_a与p对应力分布的影响是依赖于磁化过程.通过对比指数临界态模型与Kim模型,应力分布是比较相似的,但应力峰值与转变区域是不同的,这说明了在分析实际磁弹问题时,指数模型可能更接近于实际情况.本文基于指数模型分析长圆柱超导体的应力分布对超导体磁弹问题的研究有一定的指导作用.     

看电影“涡旋晶格的熔化”

一般认为,凝聚态物理的研究对象包括固体、液体、气体和等离子体等.然而,另一种称之为“涡旋”(Ｖｏｒｔｅｘ)的独特物质形式也应属于凝聚态物理研究的范畴.涡旋在前沿物理学家的理论中表现为“宇宙弦”概念,在超流氦的背景下表现为转动的元激发,在各种各样的超导体中则表现为磁场穿透超导体时的磁通线.对于第Ⅱ类超导体,磁通穿透样品的程度取决于外场Ｈａ与下、上临界场(Ｈｃ1和Ｈｃ2)间的关系.当Ｈａ<Ｈｃ1时,样品处于迈斯纳态,磁通被完全排除在超导体之外;当Ｈａ>Ｈｃ2,外场完全穿透样品,此时样品处于正常态;当Ｈｃ1<Ｈａ<Ｈｃ2,外场部分…     

高温超导体磁通动力学和混合态相图(II)

(上接2006年第1期第16页)5涡旋态相图的发展随着理论和实验工作的不断进展,高温超导体混合态相图变得丰富多彩.首先在涡旋玻璃态理论出现后,相图就较常规超导体有了很大的变化.在常规超导体中,相图上就只有两根标志相边界的线,即上临界场Hc2(T)和下临界场Hc1(T).在Hc2(T)和Hc1(T)之间就是混合态.由于涨落较弱,Hc2(T)和磁通运动的不可逆线Hirr(T)很靠近.而高温超导体中由于涨落较强,Hc2(T)以下较大的区域内形成了涡旋液态,而Hirr(T)以下才能形成涡旋固态(可以是涡旋玻璃或磁通格子有序态).在下临界场Hc1(T)附近,如果结构无序较少,则…     

从FeSe0.5Te0.5的V～I曲线论磁通动力学的诸模型（英文）

高温超导体的发现动摇了支配磁通动力学二十几年的Kim-Anderson模型.于是人们提出了新的涡旋玻璃态模型,集体钉扎模型和U～j对数关系模型来描述高温超导体的磁通动力学.其中,涡旋玻璃态模型已被人们广泛接受.Fe基超导体发现后,人们它行为十分类似于高温超导体.我们实验上仔细研究了FeSe0.5Te0.5单晶的V～I关系曲线,发现上述诸模型均不能很好的解释我们的实验结果,而张的反跳模型恰能很好的拟合实验结果.本文讨论了诸模型对高温超导体磁通动力学描述的适用性并给出合理的解释.     

从FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5)的V～I曲线论磁通动力学的诸模型(英文)

高温超导体的发现动摇了支配磁通动力学二十几年的Kim-Anderson模型.于是人们提出了新的涡旋玻璃态模型,集体钉扎模型和U～j对数关系模型来描述高温超导体的磁通动力学.其中,涡旋玻璃态模型已被人们广泛接受.Fe基超导体发现后,人们它行为十分类似于高温超导体.我们实验上仔细研究了FeSe0.5Te0.5单晶的V～I关系曲线,发现上述诸模型均不能很好的解释我们的实验结果,而张的反跳模型恰能很好的拟合实验结果.本文讨论了诸模型对高温超导体磁通动力学描述的适用性并给出合理的解释.     

高温超导体混合态磁通涡旋结构

利用紧束缚模型,对s-d混合波的存在性作了讨论.在Ginzburg-Landan理论框架下,严格求解了高温超导体混合配对态磁通涡旋结构.结果表明,其磁通涡旋的分布与单个涡旋的结构密切相关.在低温下,由于序参量s波成分的存在及它与d波分量的耦合,引起局域磁场和d波分量的各向异性,使磁通涡旋呈斜格子分布,而在温度近于转变温度时,各向异性消失,涡旋态转化为三角格子.这与YBa₂Cu₃O₇样品的小角度中子散射实验的结果相符合. 关键词：     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.