Flower-like Au/Ag/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation

Uniform flower-like TiO₂ coated Au nanostars and core-shell Au@Ag nanostars with different amounts of Ag coating were prepared through a facile method by hydrolysis of TiF₄ under an acidic environment. The photocatalytic capability of these flower-like nanocomposites under visible light irradiation was found to be enhanced by up to 4.7-fold compared to commercial P25 TiO₂ nanoparticles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to improved light absorption and hot electron injection from the photo-excited Au@Ag core to the TiO₂ shell.     

双金属核壳结构负载型Au@Ag/TiO2催化剂的制备及表征

利用溶胶法制备了Au核Ag壳(Au@Ag)结构复合纳米粒子,用粉末-溶胶法和水热合成法使其负载于TiO₂纳米粒子上,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱﹑X射线粉末衍射﹑透射电子显微镜对复合结构材料进行了结构表征,并对其光催化消除臭氧的性能进行了研究。结果表明,制备方法、Au/Ag化学计量比及金属负载量等对光催化消除臭氧的活性均有很大影响。采用粉末-溶胶法制备的1%-Au@Ag/TiO₂(n_Au/n_Ag=1∶3)催化剂,由于TiO₂表面沉积的Au@Ag金属颗粒尺寸小且分散度高,而且1%的金属担载量有利于光生电子空穴的有效分离,光催化消除臭氧的活性最高。     

固相法制备PTh/TiO_2复合纳米粉可见光催化剂

利用Sol-gel法制备了TiO_2纳米颗粒,然后以无水三氯化铁为氧化剂,室温固相氧化聚合噻吩,得到聚噻吩(Polythiophene,PTh)敏化纳米TiO_2形成的PTh/TiO_2复合纳米粉.以XRD、TEM、DRS等方法对其相组成、形貌及其光谱特性进行了研究.结果表明,所得纳米TiO_2为纯锐钛矿晶型,平均颗粒尺寸为18 nm;PTh/TiO_2复合物具有20× 80 nm的棒状形貌;DRS中吸收限在605nm处.以甲基橙作为模型试验了产品的光催化性能,结果表明,在太阳光照射下,120 min时PTh/TiO_2对甲基橙降解率达85.6%,光催化性能优于纯TiO_2、PTh及商品Degussa P25 TiO_2光催化剂.探讨了PTh促进TiO_2光催化性能的机理.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰的CdS/TiO2复合光催化材料的制备及其光解水制氢特性

以P25 TiO₂(德国Degussa化学公司)粉末为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了含有不同CdS质量分数的复合光催化剂,利用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对CdS/TiO₂进行修饰,制备了一系列不同CdS含量的MWCNTs/CdS/TiO₂光催化材料。对所得的光催化剂进行了扫描电镜、低温氮吸附-脱附及光解水制氢活性的表征。研究了MWCNTs对CdS/TiO₂催化剂体系光解水制氢活性的影响。结果表明,MWCNTs的引入均使得光解水产氢量(14.0 μmol)增加,与未加入MWCNTs的复合光化剂产氢量(11.6 μmol)相比,平均产氢率增加了18%,最高可达21%。     

AgBr/TiO2复合催化剂:双注法制备及其可见光催化性能

以TiO₂为载体,采用双注法合成了AgBr/TiO₂复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AgBr/TiO₂的结构、光吸收、形貌进行了表征.研究了AgBr/TiO₂在可见光下对甲基橙和丁基罗丹明B的光催化活性.结果表明,与TiO₂相比,AgBr/TiO₂的光吸收范围拓展到400—600nm波段,并且随着AgBr负载量的增加,AgBr/TiO₂的可见光吸收强度增强;当AgBr与TiO₂的摩尔比为0.25时,AgBr/TiO₂具有最大催化活性;在相同条件下,AgBr/TiO₂对丁基罗丹明B的降解效果优于甲基橙.     

Ag/TiO2聚丙烯负载膜的制备及其光催化与抗菌特性研究

以聚丙烯负载二氧化钛膜为载体,在一定浓度的AgNO3水溶液中,利用光还原在氧化钛膜表面还原Ag,制备载银二氧化钛负载膜,在室光和太阳光下,分别选择Ag/TiO2聚丙烯膜、TiO2聚丙烯膜和活性炭聚丙烯膜,研究膜的抗菌特性和光催化特性.结果表明:Ag/TiO2负载膜由于同时具有Ag和TiO2的双重效用,显示了良好的杀菌特性,无论是在室内还是太阳光下,都没有检测到活的微生物;在水溶液中检测Ag/TiO2负载膜和TiO2负载膜的光催化特性,发现由于银离子的催化活性中心的作用,光催化降解甲基橙的能力与TiO2负载膜相比,能够提高10%左右,显示了良好的光化学特性.     

银促进的TiO2光催化降解甲基橙

 采用溶胶-凝胶和水热协同法制备了不同Ag含量的负载型Ag-TiO2样品,这些样品具有较大的比表面积和较小的粒径. 适量负载金属银后的TiO2在紫外及可见光下的光催化活性均得到提高. 银在TiO2上的最佳负载量为0.15%, 过高的负载量反而会降低TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的活性. 由于反应机理的不同,银负载对TiO2可见光下催化活性的提高要明显高于对其紫外光下催化活性的提高. 在可见光照射下,从激发态染料注入到TiO2导带的电子迅速转移到了Ag原子簇, Ag原子簇通过促进电荷分离抑制了电子和染料正离子自由基的复合,从而促进了光催化过程. 研究结果表明,有效地促进电荷分离以及激发态电子和氧气分子的反应是提高染料敏化光催化活性的关键.     

Amorphous carbon-linked TiO_2/carbon nanotube film composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance:The effect of interface contact and hydrophilicity

Carbon nanotube film(CNTF) can be used for photocatalysis and water treatment due to its porous structure,good stability and excellent electrical properties.In this work,TiO_2/amorphous carbon/carbon nanotube film(TCC) composite with uniform structure was prepared by a simple atomization spraying method.Rhodamine B(RhB) was used to test the photocatalytic activity of TCC.TCC composite exhibits good photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light.In particular,the degradation efficiency of rhodamine B(RhB) by TCC sprayed with 9 layers of TiO_2(9 TCC) increased by 1.45 times than of TiO_2 under ultraviolet light.The enhanced photocatalytic activity of TCC is attributed to the CNTF,which can broaden the light response range of TCC and improve the migration efficiency of electrons.The existence of amorphous carbon will promote these advances.Moreover,the better hydrophilic properties would enhance the catalytic performance happened on the solid-liquid interface.Finally,the photocatalytic mechanism and degradation intermediates of the TCC composite were proposed.     

S掺杂形式对TiO2基光催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用改进的Sol-gel法制备了S-TiO₂和TiO₂,用1 mol·L^-1的H₂SO₄对TiO₂进行表面修饰制成的SO₄^2-/TiO₂。采用XRD、IR、UV-Vis、SEM和EDS等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,以L酸(1-萘酚-5-磺酸)为目标物,考察了所制备的催化剂的性能．结果表明：S-TiO₂的禁带宽度明显降低,并且对400~650 nm区域的可见光都有一定的吸收,其可见光活性和紫外光活性均高于SO₄^2-/TiO₂和纯TiO₂。     

ZnO/graphene-oxide nanocomposite with remarkably enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance

In this work, a high-performance photocatalyst of ZnO/graphene-oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile chemical deposition route and used for the photodegradation of organic dye from water under visible light. The nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N(2) adsorption-desorption analysis, and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy. The ZnO/GO nanocomposite consisting of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles anchored on graphene-oxide sheets has a high surface area and hierarchical porosity, which is benefit to the adsorption and mass transfer of dye and oxygen species. For the photodegradation of organic dyes under visible light, ZnO/GO nanocomposite exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic efficiency than graphene-oxide sheets and flower-like ZnO particles. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/GO nanocomposite could be further improved by annealing the product in N(2) atmosphere. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the efficient photosensitized electron injection and repressed charge carriers recombination in the composite with GO as electron collector and transporter, thus leading to continuous generation of reactive oxygen species for the degradation of methylene blue.     

复合催化剂NdPW12O40/TiO2的制备、表征及光催化性能

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了NdPW12O40/TiO2复合催化剂,并用热重-差热分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光发射光谱、扫描电镜和X射线衍射对催化剂进行了表征. 在紫外光照射下,以有机污染物丙酮和甲醇的气相光催化消除为模型反应,考察了催化剂的光催化活性. 结果表明, NdPW12O40的掺杂使TiO2纳米晶粒细化(粒径为11～14 nm), 表面积增大,同时有效抑制了TiO2粒子的团聚. 0.1 g 1%NdPW12O40/TiO2光催化消除初始浓度为6.58 g/m3的丙酮,空时为2.4 s时消除率可达96.74%, 达到排放要求; 催化消除初始浓度为8.82 g/m3的甲醇,空时为2.0 s时消除率可达100%, 实现完全矿化. 与纯的TiO2相比,复合催化剂吸收光的能力增强,吸收带边向长波方向延伸了20 nm.     

热处理锐钛型二氧化钛催化可见光照射损伤牛血清白蛋白

利用紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光谱和荧光光谱研究了可见光照射热处理的锐钛型二氧化钛（TiO2）对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的损伤,同时对处理前后TiO2的光催化活性进行了比较,并考察了可见光照射时间、TiO2加入量和照射功率等因素对BSA分子损伤的影响。 结果表明,经过高温处理锐钛型TiO2可以部分转晶,处理后的TiO2和可见光的联合作用能够导致BSA分子损伤。 UV-Vis光谱表现为增色效应,荧光光谱表现为荧光猝灭。 且处理后的TiO2的光催化活性好于处理前。对于体系温度为25 ℃和浓度为1.0×10-5 mol/L的BSA溶液,BSA分子的损伤程度随着可见光照射时间、TiO2加入量和照射功率的增加而增大。 同步荧光光谱证明了BSA分子中酪氨酸的损伤程度较大。     

碳含量对C/TiO2复合材料光催化活性的影响

 通过热解单层分散在TiO2表面的蔗糖制得了碳均匀覆盖的C/TiO2复合材料,并采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和N2物理吸附等方法对复合材料进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B为模型化合物评价了C/TiO2复合材料在紫外和可见光照射下的光催化性能,考察了碳含量对催化活性的影响. 结果表明,光源不同,污染物不同,碳含量不同对催化活性的影响均不相同. 对于考察的三个碳含量的C/TiO2催化剂,在紫外光照射下,前驱体中蔗糖/氧化钛质量比为0.1时制得的C/TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性最高,蔗糖/氧化钛质量比为0.2时制得的C/TiO2光催化降解罗丹明B的活性最高; 在可见光照射下,蔗糖/氧化钛质量比为0.05时制得的C/TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的活性都最高.     

Synthesis of Ag2O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS2 composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation

Three-dimensional Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal and photoreduction process. The physical and chemical properties of Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites were carefully studied by using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared products was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (Rh B) aqueous solution at ambient temperature under solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic result shows that Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with that of pure SnS₂. Three of the Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites form the Z-scheme systems, because of their unique charge-carrier transfer process, the oxidation/reduction ability of photogenerated holes and electrons could be enhanced. Therefore, the new Ag₂O and Ag co-modified flower-like SnS₂ composites possess a favorable photocatalytic activity, and it can be a promising candidate for the solar energy conversion process.     

TiO2/石墨烯复合材料的合成及光催化分解水产氢活性

利用石墨粉根据Hummers氧化法制得氧化石墨,并进一步还原得到石墨烯。采用溶胶-凝胶法以钛酸四丁酯和石墨烯为起始材料制备了二氧化钛(TiO₂)和石墨烯的复合光催化材料。研究了该复合材料在紫外-可见光以及可见光条件下的光催化分解水制氢活性。结果表明,紫外-可见光照射下,TiO₂/石墨烯复合光催化材料的光催化分解水产氢速率为8.6 μmol·h^-1,远大于同条件下商业P25的产氢速率 (4.5 μmol·h^-1),光解水产氢活性提高了近2倍;可见光下光照3 h,TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料的光催化分解水产氢量约为0.2 μmol。     

Improved photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 produced by an alcohothermal approach through in-situ decomposition of NH_4HCO_3

High crystallinity of TiO_2 was prepared by a modified alcohothermal method, in which titanium isopropoxide was used as the titania precursor, absolute ethanol as the reaction medium, and NH_4HCO_3 as the raw materials for release of water, ammonia and carbon dioxides via in-situ decomposition. The X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) measurements showed that water and ammonia from the in-situ decomposition of NH_4HCO_3 played an important role in conducting the size, shape, crystallinity and microstructure of TiO_2. The photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements indicated that enhanced crystallinity could hinder the recombination and promote the separation of electron-hole pairs in TiO_2, which contribute to the improvement of photocatalytic activity.Methyl orange photodegradation under UV light confirmed that high crystallinity of TiO_2 did present a high photocatalytic activity due to the effective separation of photoinduced charges.     

模板法制备的Fe3+/TiO2中空纳米纤维的光催化性能

以棉花纤维为模板,利用浸渍-热转化两步法制备了Fe³⁺掺杂的二氧化钛(Fe³⁺/TiO₂)中空纳米纤维光催化材料,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和ζ电位等技术对其形貌、结构、光吸收特性及其表面状态等进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了煅烧温度与时间对Fe³⁺/TiO₂中空纳米纤维光催化性能的影响。结果表明：利用该法可以制得棉花纤维形貌的Fe³⁺/TiO₂中空纳米结构材料;所得材料的催化性能除与材料的尺寸、相结构有关外,还与表面荷电性质有关,表面荷电量越高、表面结构缺陷越多、表面活性位越多,催化活性越高。500 ℃下煅烧2 h所得材料表面长有大量的粒子(平均尺寸为12 nm),其中TiO₂为锐钛矿结构,表面荷负电荷量最高,催化性能最好,如在太阳光下,2 h可使MB溶液的脱色降解率达93%,6 h完全脱色,而在纯TiO₂中空纤维材料上约为70%;该材料还具有良好的催化稳定性能,重复使用5次仍可使MB溶液的脱色降解率保持在90%以上,且该催化剂材料易于离心分离去除。     

纳米Fe/TiO_2粉体的制备及其光催化性能

光催化法是近年来发展较快的一种环境治理技术,掺杂型TiO_2催化剂是当前研究的焦点之一.以四氯化钛为主要原料,利用简单的溶胶法制备了纳米TiO_2、Fe/TiO_2粉体,研究发现掺杂铁,能够有效地延缓锐钛矿型TiO_2向金红石型TiO_2的转变,提高Fe/TiO_2粉体的光催化活性,并且500℃焙烧后的Fe/TiO_2催化剂,在紫外光下催化活性较好.     

TiO2和ZnO表面CO光催化氧化活性研究

在TiO2和ZnO表面CO光催化氧化研究中发现,365 nm紫外光照下TiO2表面无活性,而ZnO表面却有明显的CO光催化氧化活性.研究表明,主要是由于紫外光照下,ZnO光分解而TiO2没有光分解,从而在表面产生不同吸附形态的氧所致.而且,ZnO表面CO光催化氧化反应活性可在27 h内保持稳定,暗示气相光催化反应中,ZnO不会因为光腐蚀而使其催化活性降低.     

Fe掺杂与天然沸石载体对TiO2光催化活性的影响

以具有多孔结构的天然斜发沸石为载体, FeCl₃和TiCl₄为前驱物制备铁离子掺杂TiO₂光催化剂. 分别在紫外光和太阳光照射下, 研究了Fe-TiO₂, TiO₂/沸石和Fe-TiO₂/沸石对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化分解过程, 并通过XRD, AFM, FTIR和吸收光谱等手段, 探讨了Fe和沸石对TiO2的光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 适当浓度的Fe不仅可以提高TiO₂的光催化效率, 而且能够拓展TiO₂的吸收波长范围至可见光区. 而沸石的引入不仅提高了光催化剂的效率, 而且也增强了光催化剂的抗失活性能.