铂重整条件下烃类转化的机理与动力学 Ⅴ.——硫化合物与氮化合物对脱氢和异构化反应的影响

将少量硫化合物与氮化合物分别加入环己烷或正庚烷中,在铂重整条件下进行反应,发现硫化合物与氮化合物具有明显不同的中毒作用.硫化合物阻抑脱氢、加速异构化反应,氮化合物阻抑异构化而加速脱氢.这个结果说明脱氢与异构化反应是受催化剂表面的复合活性中心(活性集团)中不同原子的作用而进行的。考察了五种不同的硫化合物与两种不同的氮化合物对环己烷脱氢及正庚烷异构化的影响.也考察了反应条件对于硫化合物对环己烷脱氢以及氮化合物对正庚烷异构化的中毒影响.     

硫的自述

硫,无论是元素还是化合物,都在人类的生活与生产中起着至关重要的作用。本文将硫元素拟人化,介绍了其发展史,在地球上的分布、性质以及在生活中的应用,让读者在趣味阅读中了解硫及其化合物。     

山西炼焦煤中有机硫模型化合物介电性质研究

利用XPS分析方法表征煤中有机硫组分,选择与煤中有机硫结构相关的模型化合物,通过同轴传输反射法测试模型化合物介电性质,为微波脱除煤中有机硫的应用提供理论依据。研究表明,山西高硫炼焦煤中有机硫主要以三种形态赋存:硫醇(醚)类、噻吩类和(亚)砜类。三类有机硫模型化合物对微波能吸收最强频段基本在9-12GHz范围内,在理论上,该频段是在微波作用下脱除煤中有机硫的最佳频率条件。当模型化合物中具有不同有机含硫基团时,在低频段对微波的响应值得深入研究。     

二苄基二硫化合物的晶体结构

近年来,随着固氮酶研究的进展,钼铁硫原子簇化学发展很快。迄今国际上已报道了近三十几种钼铁硫簇化合物中,苄基硫醇常作为配体。我们相继合成了含有二苄基二硫的钼铁硫三元包合物。L.Egartner等人在1932年仅测定了二苄基二硫化合物的晶系和晶胞参数。为比较二苄基二硫化合物,当以单体存在     

芳汞基芳基硫化合物的合成与波谱性质研究

芳汞基氯化汞和苯硫酚或对甲基硫酚在乙醇中反应合成了两个系列共32种芳汞基芳基硫化合物,其中22种为新化合物。 研究了这些化合物的紫外吸光谱和核磁共针氢谱,所得结果表明,对此两个系列的标题化合物,在△γ~MAX~与Hammett取代基常数 ~P之间有良好的线性关系,但共轭作用未完全通过硫原子贯穿到整个分子。也对取代基~1H NMR的影响进行了研究。     

原油中芳香硫化合物形态分布的研究

建立了原油中多环芳香硫化合物形态分布的研究方法。采用氯化钯/硅胶配位交换色谱分离原油中的芳香硫化合物,并用气相色谱/质谱分析、气相色谱-硫化学发光检测法结合色谱保留指数,鉴定出原油中的100多个多环芳香硫化物,包括含烷基取代基的苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩类硫化物。定量分析表明,二苯并噻吩类化合物的含量占芳香硫化合物总量的91%左右。该方法可用于不同来源的原油中芳香硫化合物的形态分布研究。     

二硫架桥的二聚四硫富瓦烯合成新方法及其电化学性质研究

以2-(2′-氰乙硫基)-3,6,7-三甲硫基四硫富瓦烯为原料,在四甲基氢氧化铵作用下,通过Mn2+离子催化偶联反应合成了1个二硫架桥的二聚四硫富瓦稀化合物1,化合物1的结构经红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、元素分析、核磁共振氢谱、质谱进行了表征.循环伏安结果显示化合物具有2对明显的可逆氧化还原峰.为"桥式"四硫富瓦稀衍生物的合成提出了一种新方法.     

氨基二硫代甲酸酯类抗肿瘤药物研究Ⅰ.哌嗪基二硫代甲酸酯类化合物的合成及活性

发现毒副作用小、活性强的新抗肿瘤药物一直是该领域研究的主要目标.发现结构全新的先导物和新的作用机制是实现这一目标的重要途径.氨基二硫代甲酸酯类化合物具有抗炎、抗菌、杀虫、防腐等生物活性,然而,关于抗肿瘤作用方面的研究却很少有报道.我们在研究中发现了一系列具有明显抗肿瘤作用的氨基二硫代甲酸酯类化合物[1],其中化合物990208经体内抗肿瘤活性和毒性试验证实是最好的化合物之一.为进一步优化化合物990208的结构,研究其构效关系,本文设计合成了一系列990208衍生物.     

分析ppb级硫化物的火焰光度检测器

前言用气相色谱法测定气体中微量硫化合物,一直是色谱分析的一个难题。早期的各种检测器如热导池、氩离子化检测器和微电量仪等,由于灵敏度不高或选择性不好,很难测出大量干扰组分存在下ppm级的个别硫化合物。1966年Brodey和Chaney提出火焰光度检测器(FPD)后,硫化物的色谱分析才有了较大的进展。 FPD是一种对含硫(磷)化合物具有高灵敏度和高选择性的检测器。其作用原理是在富氢     

含四硫富瓦烯大环化合物的合成与研究进展

简要介绍了含有四硫富瓦烯(TTF)单元的大环化合物的分类, 概括了各类含四硫富瓦烯大环化合物的合成方法, 主要包括含有1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮单元的大环化合物在亚磷酸三烷基酯参与下的偶合反应, 以及带有氰乙基硫等取代基的预先合成的官能化TTF与二卤代低聚醚的反应. 综述了含四硫富瓦烯大环化合物的电化学性能及其在分子识别方面应用研究的最新进展, 提出了含四硫富瓦烯大环化合物的发展趋势.     

The role of chalcogen-chalcogen interactions in the intrinsic basicity acidity of beta-chalcogenovinyl(thio)aldehydes HC([double bond]X)[bond]CH[double bond]CH[bond]CYH

The intrinsic acidity and basicity of a series of beta-chalcogenovinyl(thio)aldehydes HC([double bond]X)[bond]CH[double bond]CH[bond]CYH (X=O, S; Y=Se, Te) were investigated by B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) density functional and G2(MP2) calculations on geometries optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level for neutral molecules and at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level for anions. The results showed that selenovinylaldehyde and selenovinylthioaldehyde should behave as Se bases in the gas phase, because the most stable neutral conformer is stabilized by an X[bond]H...Se (X=O, S) intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB). In contrast the Te-containing analogues behave as oxygen or sulfur bases, because the most stable conformer is stabilized by typical X...Y[bond]H chalcogen-chalcogen interactions. These compounds have a lower basicity than expected because either chalcogen-chalcogen interactions or IHBs become weaker upon protonation. Similarly, they are also weaker acids than expected because deprotonation results in a significantly destabilized anion. Loss of the proton from the X[bond]H or Y[bond]H groups is a much more favorable than from the C[bond]H groups. Therefore, for Se compounds the deprotonation process results in loss of the X[bond]H...Se (X=O, S) IHBs present in the most stable neutral conformer, while for Te-containing compounds the stabilizing X...Y[bond]H chalcogen-chalcogen interaction present in the most stable neutral conformer becomes repulsive in the corresponding anion.     

Ab initio dipole polarizability surfaces of water molecule: static and dynamic at 514.5 nm

Coupled cluster calculations with a carefully designed basis set have been performed to obtain both static, alpha, and dynamic at 514.5 nm, alpha(514.5 nm), dipole polarizability surfaces of water. We employed a medium size basis set (13s10p6d3f9s6p2d1f)[9s7p6d3f6s5p2d1f] consisting of 157 contracted Gaussian-type functions that yields values near the Hartree-Fock limit for alpha [G. Maroulis, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 1182 (1991)]. The alpha and alpha(514.5 nm) surfaces were able to reproduce all the experimentally available information about the dipole polarizability of water, especially the Raman spectra of gaseous H(2)O, D(2)O, and HDO. Vibrational averages for the dipole polarizability of water molecule are also reported.     

Mass spectrometric investigation of N-sulfonylated purine nucleic bases and nucleosides

The gas/phase behaviour of N-sulfonylated purine nucleic bases and nucleosides towards electron impact (EI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) occurring in a ion trap of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer is investigated. The influence of the storage time on the protonated molecule ([M+H](+)) abundance under EI conditions confirms that the formation of these ions proceeds through ion/molecule reactions. Using stored-waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) selective isolation of M(+.) or H(3)O(+), self-chemical ionization, M(+.)/M, and chemical ionization, H(3)O(+)/M, are detected. Investigation of specific EI expulsion of SO(2), SO(2)H and/or SO(2)H(2) from M(+.) and/or [M+H](+) shows that oxygen protonation in bond;SO(2)bond; proceeds faster than nitrogen protonation. Expulsion of SO(2) from molecular ions is not observed in MALDI mass spectra of nucleosides.     

磷的d轨道在H~3PO分子中的作用

用分子片轨道在分子环境中发生极化的概念研究d轨道在H~3PO分子中的作用。H~3PO分子被分为两个分子片---H~3P和O.在RHF/6-31G^*水平上计算出分子环境中的极化了的分子片轨道(FOM)。再剔除d函数为主的FOM,用剩余的FOM为基进行构型优化,得到与RHF/6-31G^*相近的结果。这一结果说明磷原子的d函数在H~3PO分子中仅仅起一个极化函数的作用,而不是起价轨道作用。     

含轴向咪唑配体的手性SalenCo(III)配合物ECD谱的理论解析

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 在B3LYP和混合基组(C, H原子用6-31G^*; Co, N, O用6-311+G(2d,p))水平上, 对含轴向配体的三种Co(III)席夫碱配合物[Co(MeO-salen)(Im)₂]⁺、[Co(MeO-salen)(2-MeIm)₂]⁺和[Co(MeO-salen)(MeIm)₂]⁺ (Im=咪唑, MeIm=1-甲基咪唑, 2-MeIm=2-甲基咪唑, MeO-salenH₂=salen型席夫碱, 即(R,R)-N,N′-双(5-甲氧基亚水杨基)-1,2-二亚胺基环己烷)在二氯甲烷溶液中的基态结构进行了优化, 并用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)方法, 在相同泛函和基组水平上计算了其激发能、振子强度和旋转强度. 这些计算中均用极化连续介质模型(PCM)考虑了溶剂效应. 计算的电子圆二色(ECD)谱与实验谱吻合较好. 通过对有关跃迁性质的分析, 对实验电子圆二色光谱进行了解析与指认. 结果表明, 长波区的第一个圆二色(CD)吸收带主要是由π→d荷移跃迁(LMCT)引起的, 而不是通常认为的d→d跃迁. 轴向配体的加入对配合物前两个CD吸收带的符号没有影响, 但会影响带形和强度. 手性salen配合物的绝对构型为λ(RR)时, 第一个CD吸收带为正, 第二个为负. 这些结论对于深入理解该类配合物的电子结构和手征光学性质具有重要的科学意义.     

Computational study on the mechanisms and energetics of trimethylindium reactions with H2O and H2S

The reactions of trimethylindium (TMIn) with H2O and H2S are relevant to the chemical vapor deposition of indium oxide and indium sulfide thin films. The mechanisms and energetics of these reactions in the gas phase have been investigated by density functional theory and ab initio calculations using the CCSD(T)/[6-31G(d,p)+Lanl2dz]//B3LYP/[6-31G(d,p)+Lanl2dz] and CCSD(T)/[6-31G(d,p)+Lanl2dz] //MP2/[6-31G(d,p)+Lanl2dz] methods. The results of both methods are in good agreement for the optimized geometries and relative energies. When TMIn reacts with H2O and H2S, initial molecular complexes [(CH3)3In:OH2 (R1)] and [(CH3)3In:SH2 (R2)] are formed with 12.6 and 3.9 kcal/mol binding energies. Elimination of a CH4 molecule from each complex occurs with a similar energy barrier at TS1 (19.9 kcal/mol) and at TS3 (22.1 kcal/mol), respectively, giving stable intermediates (CH3)2InOH and (CH3)2InSH. The elimination of the second CH4 molecule from these intermediate products, however, has to overcome very high and much different barriers of 66.1 and 53.2 kcal/mol, respectively. In the case of DMIn with H2O and H2S reactions, formation of both InO and InS is exothermic by 3.1 and 30.8 kcal/mol respectively. On the basis of the predicted heats of formation of R1 and R2 at 0 K and -20.1 and 43.6 kcal/mol, the heats of formation of (CH3)2InOH, (CH3)2InSH, CH3InO, CH3InS, InO, and InS are estimated to be -20.6, 31.8, and 29.0 and 48.4, 35.5, and 58.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The values for InO and InS are in good agreement with available experimental data. A similar study on the reactions of (CH3)2In with H2O and H2S has been carried out; in these reactions CH3InOH and CH3InSH were found to be the key intermediate products.     

亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与So反应机理的理论研究

白洪涛,黄旭日,于广涛,李吉来,于健康,孙家钟. 亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与SO反应机理的理论研究[J]. 化学学报, 2006, 64(2): 139-144.     

An ab initio MO study on the structures and electronic states of hydrogen-bonded O3- HF and SO2-HF complexes

Ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations have been carried out for base-hydrogen fluoride (HF) complexes (base = O3 and SO2) in order to elucidate the structures and energetics of the complexes. The ab initio calculations were performed up to the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. In both complexes, hydrogen-bonded structures where the hydrogen of HF orients toward one of the oxygen atoms of bases were obtained as stable forms. The calculations showed that cis and trans isomers exist in both complexes. All calculations for the SO2-HF complex indicated that the cis form is more stable in energy than the trans form. On the other hand, in O3-HF complexes, the stable structures are changed by the ab initio levels of theory used, and the energies of the cis and trans forms are close to each other. From the most sophisticated calculations (QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//QCISD/6-311+G(d) level), it was predicted that the complex formation energies for cis SO2-HF, trans SO2-HF, cis O3-HF, and trans O3-HF are 6.1, 5.7, 3.4, and 3.6 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating that the binding energy of HF to SO2 is larger than that of O3. The harmonic vibrational frequencies calculated for cis O3-HF and cis SO2-HF complexes were in good agreement with the experimental values measured by Andrews et al. Also, the calculated rotation constants for cis SO2-HF agreed with the experiment.     

Ab initio and experimental studies on the hetero-Diels-Alder and cheletropic additions of sulfur dioxide to (E)-1-methoxybutadiene: a mechanism involving three molecules of SO(2)

Kinetics on the cheletropic addition of sulfur dioxide to (E)-1-methoxybutadiene (1) to give the corresponding sulfolene 2 (2-methoxy-2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) gave the rate law d[2]/dt = k[1][SO(2)](x)() with x = 2.6 +/- 0.2 at 198 K. Under these conditions, no sultine 3 [(2RS,6RS)-6-methoxy-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin-2-oxide] resulting from a hetero-Diels-Alder addition was observed, and the cheletropic elimination 2 --> 1 + SO(2) did not occur. Ab initio and DFT quantum calculations confirmed that the cheletropic addition 1 + SO(2) --> 2 follows two parallel mechanisms, one involving two molecules of SO(2) and the transition structure with DeltaG(++) = 18.2 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol at 198 K (exptl); 22.5-22.7 kcal/mol [B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)], the other one involving three molecules of SO(2) with DeltaG(++) = 18.9 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol at 198 K (exptl); 19.7 kcal/mol [B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)]. The mechanism involving only one molecule of SO(2) in the transition structure requires a higher activation energy, DeltaG(++) = 25.2 kcal/mol [B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)]. Comparison of the geometries and energetics of the structures involved into the 1 + SO(2) --> 2, 3 and 1 + 2SO(2) --> 2, 3 + SO(2) reactions obtained by ab initio and DFT methods suggest that the latter calculation techniques can be used to study the cycloadditions of sulfur dioxide. The calculations predict that the hetero-Diels-Alder addition 1 + SO(2) --> 3 also prefers a mechanism in which three molecules of SO(2) are involved in the cycloaddition transition structure. At 198 K and in SO(2) solutions, the entropy cost (TDeltaS(++)) is overcompensated by the specific solvation by SO(2) in the transition structures of both the cheletropic and hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of (E)-1-methoxybutadiene with SO(2).     

用密度泛函方法研究质子化苯基丙酮-水团簇

The structure and growth trend of the protonated acetophenone-water clusters have been investigated using the DFT-B3LYP method combined with the standard 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. In order to obtain more accurate single-point energy the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) method was adapted. The results show that the formation of H+C8H8O-H2O is a barrierless reaction process and the equilibrium distance between the proton and the O atom in C8H8O molecule is 1.015 A. For H+C8H8O-(H2O)n(n=1,2,3) clusters, the proton lies between the acetophenone molecule C8H8O and the water molecule H2O. The distance between the proton and the O atom of the C8H8O molecule increased from n=1 to n=3; C8H8O-H+-H2O can be regarded as an solvation shell. For H+C8H8O (H2O)n (n=4,5,6,7,8) clusters, the proton lies between the two H2O molecules forming a H5O2+ structure, C8H8O-H5O2+ is an important structure, which the other H2O molecules will attack from different sides.