中药炮制过程化学机理研究

中药炮制是中国的一项传统制药技术,也是中药区别于天然药物的显著特点。中药材经过加工炮制以后发生了复杂的化学变化,随着这些化学变化而改变的物质基础是中药炮制前后性味、功能改变的重要原因。阐明中药炮制过程中发生的这些化学变化是中药炮制机理研究的主要内容。近年来,国内外很多研究机构对中药炮制过程的化学机理进行了深入研究,初步阐明了多味中药炮制过程中发生的化学反应及化学成分变化,主要的化学反应包括水解反应、氧化反应、置换反应、异构化反应和分解反应等。本文对近年来中药炮制过程中化学反应机理领域取得的研究成果进行了综述,并对中药炮制过程化学机理研究的方向及前景进行了探讨。     

Comparative proteomic analysis of grain development in two spring wheat varieties under drought stress

Two spring wheat varieties Ningchun 4 and Chinese Spring with good and poor resistance to abiotic stress, respectively, were used to investigate proteomic changes in the developing grains under drought stress by a comparative proteomics approach. A total of 152 protein spots showed at least twofold differences in abundance on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) maps, of which 28 and 68 protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, respectively. Of the 96 identified protein spots, six different expression patterns were found and they were involved in stress/defense/detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, storage proteins and some other important functions. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that under the drought conditions the decreased degree of ascorbate peroxidases was more significant in Chinese Spring than in Ningchun 4 during grain development whereas translationally controlled tumor protein, which was significantly upregulated at 14 DAF, was present in Ningchun 4 and absent in Chinese Spring. The Rubisco large subunit displayed an upregulated expression pattern in Ningchun 4. In addition, two drought-tolerant proteins, triosephosphate isomerase and oxygen-evolving complex showed B and F type expression patterns in Chinese Spring, but D and B types in Ningchun 4, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins might be responsible for the stronger drought resistance of Ningchun 4 compared to Chinese Spring.     

中药煎制前后重金属含量测定及溶出特性研究

模拟传统煎药方式,制备中药水煎液,建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP- MS)测定5种药材及其水煎液中6种重金属元素Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Hg含量的方法,研究并优化了微波消解条件及(ICP- MS)的各项技术参数.被测元素检出限为0.0001 ～0.003 μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.8～3...     

中药炮制机理研究的思路与方法——以咖啡豆的烘焙原理研究为例

中药炮制是中药学的特色和优势,也是最具我国自主知识产权的学科之一.中药炮制研究的核心是阐明中药炮制机理,这也是制约中药现代化的关键节点.目前大部分中药的炮制机理尚不明确,有待进行系统深入的研究.咖啡豆需要烘培后才可以制成饮料,这个高温烘培过程类似于中药的炮制过程.近年来,国内外专家对咖啡豆高温烘培过程化学成分变化及其机理进行了深入研究,各种新方法和新技术得到广泛应用,取得了系列研究成果,这些研究成果为中药炮制机理研究提供了多种新思路和新方法,也为中药炮制机理的研究和阐明提供了重要示范.     

八种解表中草药中微量元素的测定

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了八种解表中草药中Fe、Cu、Mn、Ca等九种元素的含量。结果表明,该类中药含有较丰富的铁、铜,但Zn、Mg含量较低,为进一步探讨微量元素与药效的关系提供了有用的数据。     

A platform for fast screening potential anti‐breast cancer compounds in traditional Chinese medicines

Several Chinese herbs, namely, Pu‐Gong‐Ying, Gan‐Cao, Chai‐Hu, Mu‐Xiang, Gua‐Lou and Huang‐Yao‐Zi, are frequently used in complex traditional Chinese medicing formulas for breast hyperplasia and breast tumor therapy. The pharmacological effects of these Chinese herbs are all described as ‘clearing heat‐toxin and resolving masses’ in traditional use. However, the chemical profiles of anti‐breast cancer constituents in these herbs has not been investigated so far. In this study, a bioactivity‐oriented screening platform, which was based on a human breast cancer MCF‐7 cellular model, semi‐preparative high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, was developed to rapidly screen the six Chinese herbs. Two potential anti‐breast cancer compounds, which were costunolide (Cos) and dehydrocostus lactone (Dehy), were identified in Mu‐Xiang. Combination of the two compounds showed a synergism on inhibiting the proliferation of MCF‐7 cells in vitro, which exhibits a potential application prospect for breast cancer therapy. This bioactivity‐oriented screening strategy is rapid, economical, reliable and specific for screening potential anti‐breast cancer compounds in traditional Chinese medicines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陶寺、尉迟寺白灰面的测试研究

在XRD和拉曼光谱分析的基础上,借助XRF、ICP-AES和ICP-MS技术,对取自陶寺、尉迟寺遗址的“白灰面”做了相关测试和研究。结果表明,尉迟寺F85号红烧土房墙体表面白灰面为碳酸钙。陶寺“白灰面”有两种,一种为人工烧制的石灰,系石灰石烧制而成,表面打磨得较为光滑,并且有一块样品分4次加工,分为4层,表层主要为方解石和文石,里层则为石英含量略高的粘土和石灰的混合物,具较高的工艺,另外,有一块“白灰面”经检测为二水硫酸钙,这首次表明我国古代先民在4千年前已经开始开采和使用石膏做为建筑材料。     

Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots: Application of Hg Ions Detection in Rannasangpei

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots(N-CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized by folic acid, which revealed excited wavelengtli-dependent blue emission and the specific recognition ofHg ions by fluorescence quenching. A wide range response and a fitted linear relationsliip for Hg ions detection were established to show that tliese blue-emission N-CDs achieved a satisfying Hg ions detection in Chinese traditional herb, Rannasaiigpei(RSNP). Tlie results from the N-CDs FL quenching gave the similar outcomes with those from ICP-OES measurement, which exhibited the possibility of the simple FL method of Hg ions detection by N-CDs in Chinese traditional herbs.     

鬼灯擎化学成份的分离和鉴定

从鬼灯擎根中分离出十种化合物,其中除鬼灯擎素(Ⅰ)已有文献报道外,其余9种化合物为首次从该植物中分得,而7-甲氧基鬼灯擎素(Ⅱ)和2,6-二羟基苯乙酸甲酯(Ⅳ)为新化合物。     

Characterization of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Yuhuanglian by HPLC-ESI-MS

As increasing numbers of people worldwide are using traditional Chinese medicines, their characterization has become increasingly critical. This study describes the development of a facile and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography-based method to obtain the fingerprint of the traditional Chinese medicine Yuhuanglian. First, similarity analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were investigated to interpret differences in the chromatograms of samples from different groups. Seven fingerprint peaks were identified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), including magnolforine, coptisine, berberin, epiberberin, dehydroevodiamine, 12α-hydroxylimonin, and 12α-hydroxyevodol. The established fingerprint method was then applied to the analysis of Evodiae Fructus, Coptis Rhizoma, Yuhuanglian, and analogs of Yuhuanglian, which reflected their chemical constituent properties. The proposed method provides a technical platform for the characterization of Yuhuanglian, which will ensure the safe and effective use of this traditional Chinese medicine.     

Investigation of pyrolysis of chinese coals using thermal analysis/mass spectrometry

TA/MS (thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry) was applied to the pyrolysis of Chinese coals with different ranks. A total of 13 Chinese coals were investigated. The samples were deliberately chosen to represent the 13 types of Chinese coals according to the Chinese coal classification system. The experiments were carried out in an argon atmosphere with a flow rate of 150 ml min^-1. The samples were heated from 40 up to 1200°C with a constant heating rate of 10 k min^-1. The main evolved pyrolysis products were identified through the on-line recorded mass spectra. The thermal and evolution behavior was compared between the coals. The results showed a strong thermal and evaluation behavior dependence on the coal rank. Different aliphatic fragments and also some aromatic substances, which are of environmental concern (BTX, PAHs), were found to be released depending on the different types of coal. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analysis and confirmation of synthetic anorexics in adulterated traditional Chinese medicines by high-performance capillary electrophoresis.

Six synthetic anorexics, clobenzorex, diethylpropion, fenfluramine, methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine and phentermine, which can be found as adulterants in traditional Chinese medicines were assayed simultaneously by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. The electrolyte was a buffer solution containing 120 mM phosphate buffer (NaH2PO4/H3PO4, pH 2.0) and 15% acetonitrile. Applied voltage was 16 kV and temperature was 30 degrees C. Fluoren-2,7-diammonium chloride was used as an internal standard and detector set at 200 nm. The recoveries of the synthetic anorexic adulterants in traditional Chinese medicinal formula using C8-SCX mixed solid-phase extraction were studied. Several traditional Chinese medicinal powders obtained from clinics were also studied by the above HPCE method and confirmed by GC-MS. Clobenzorex, diethylpropion and fenfluramine were found and determine in these samples.     

抗肿瘤中药微量元素硒的研究

与抗肿瘤作用关系密切的中药微量元素主要有Se、Ge、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、I、B、Si、Li等，本文介绍了近年来Se的研究。Se是人体健康必需的超微量元素．与某些地方病、癌的发生关系密切。是同时具备防癌和促免疫两种活性的理想防癌剂。大部分补气、补血、补肾、补阳等中药富含Se等微量元素，具有抗癌等药理作用．特别是人参等12种中药的抗癌作用尤明显。     

中药质谱分析方法及应用研究

分别从中药成分分析、活性筛选和代谢组学三方面对质谱技术在中药研究中的应用进展进行了全面综述.在中药成分分析方面,重点介绍了寡糖异构体的分析方法,以及质谱指纹图谱技术在中药成分分析及质量控制中的应用;在活性筛选方面,分别介绍了超滤-质谱、细胞膜色谱-质谱、微透析-质谱、亲和色谱-质谱、强度衰减质谱、修饰琼脂糖珠-质谱和直接分析质谱等技术及其应用;在代谢组学研究方面,对中药治疗肝损伤、肾虚、心肌梗死和糖尿病等疾病方面的研究进展进行了阐述.上述内容充分反映了质谱技术在中药创新性研究中的重要性.     

中国的中药微量元素研究 Ⅲ.微量元素：中药性效量化的物质基础

综述了中药四气、五味以及中药功效与微量元素的量化关系。中国中药微量元素研究结果表明,中药微量元素含量水平是决定中药性味的主要因素之一,也是判定中药功效的重要物质基础。     

Non-destructive and in situ identification of rice paper, seals and pigments by FT-IR and XRD spectroscopy

This paper studied the chemical characteristics of rice paper, pigments and seals on Chinese calligraphies and traditional Chinese paintings. The techniques used here were Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FT-IR allows good identification of the substances present in pigments and inkpads and differentiates each era of rice paper. This can be the base of estimating the age of rice paper. Different crystalline phases can be identified by XRD, which is further evidence to separate different kinds of pigments or inkpads. Both of these methods were non-destructive in situ analysis and can be used in the identification in calligraphies and traditional Chinese paintings. These results confirmed that the applied techniques are relatively quicker and more reliable than traditional approaches authenticated by years of experience.     

中药驱铅对儿童血微量元素影响的研究

为探讨中药驱铅对儿童血Pb及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn水平的影响 ,检测了 68例儿童铅中毒患儿服用中药驱铅前后的血Pb及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn水平。结果显示 ,服药后患儿的血Pb明显低于服药前 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血Zn水平明显高于服药前 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;铅中毒程度越轻 ,驱铅效果越明显 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血微量元素Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn水平无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。提示中药对儿童早期铅中毒的驱铅效果好 ,不存在微量元素失衡     

Forensic efficacy evaluation and genetic structure exploration of the Yunnan Miao group by a multiplex InDel panel

The aim of the study was to better understand the genetic characteristics of the Miao group in China. Herein, genetic characteristics and forensic application values of 57 autosomal insertion–deletion (InDel) loci were investigated in 210 unrelated healthy individuals from the Chinese Yunnan Miao (YM) group. Meanwhile, the genetic differences in these InDels were compared among the YM group and 26 reference populations. The results of forensic statistical analyses showed that all 57 autosomal InDels were in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibria of pairwise loci in the Chinese YM group. Moreover, the combined probability of discrimination and probability of exclusion in the YM group were 0.9999999999999999999999801 and 0.999928, respectively, which indicated that the multiplex amplification including 57 autosomal InDels was suitable for forensic individual identification and paternity testing in the Chinese YM group. In addition, the results of allelic frequency distribution differential analyses, principal component analyses, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, and genetic structure analyses between the Chinese YM group and 26 reference populations revealed that the genetic similarities between the YM group and East Asian populations were more than that between the YM group and other geographical populations. This 57 autosomal InDels system can also effectively distinguish East Asian, European, and African populations.     

Screening and analysis of biologically active compounds inAngelica sinensis by molecular biochromatography

Summary A novel strategy for the screening and analysis of biologically active compounds in traditional Chinese medicine by molecular biochromatography is proposed. Molecular biochromatography with human serum albumin (HSA) immobilized on silica as stationary phase was used to screen and analyse the bioactive compounds in the typical Chinese medicine ofAngelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Ten peaks showed retention on this column, which is based on their affinity for HSA. Ferulic acid and liguistilide were identified as the principal active components, which agrees very well with the results in the literature. A quality control method was also developed based on the simultaneous determination the concentrations of ferulic acid and liguistilide in solutions ofAngelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels extracted with water and methanol. It was observed that the concentrations of ferulic acid and liguistilide in solution extracted with methanol were 2 and 53 times higher, respectively, than those with water. It was shown that molecular biochromatography is an effective way of analysing and screening biologically active compounds in traditional Chinese medicine.