试控《物理学》的美学原理

本文通俗地描述物理学中所包含的美学原理。使工科师生也能从非功利的视角来认识物理学的博大精深。     

物理学的美学价值

研究了物理学的审美趣味 ,论述其所蕴含的美学价值的各个方面。     

物理学家的美学思想对物理学发展的作用

 打开物理学史会发现许多物理学家从事物理研究的直接动力来自于对自然美的一种追求。这里所说的自然美不仅指自然现象之美,更主要的是指自然现象背后物质结构、运动规律的内在美。它是一种理性美。爱因斯坦曾写道:“十分有力地吸引住我的特殊目标,是物理学领域中的逻辑的统一。”洛伦兹1878年在莱顿就职演讲时说:“所有物理研究的目的在于寻求简单的、可以说明所有现象的基本原理。”彭加勒在《科学和方法》中写到:“如果大自然不美,那它就不值得认识,如果大自然不值得认识,就不值得活下去。     

物理学——自然的美学

 已经有不少人问过我:你为什么喜欢物理这一门学科,为什么把它作为自己将要为之奋斗一生的事业.我的回答很简单:因为它美,所以我喜欢它.不少人脸上露出茫然的神色:物理学美?它美在何处呢?我同一般学生一样,是从初二开始学习物理的.那时的我,对物理这一门学科没有更多的了解,所以也没在这方面显示出过多的兴趣.记得有一次学校举行物理竞赛,我并没将这件事放在心上,也没作任何准备,还是我们物理老师拉我去参加考试的,我无心于此,并且第一个交了卷,事后我竟意外地得知:得了全校第一名.此后,物理这门学科就引起了我专门的注意.当然,要说我真正喜欢上它,还是在高中时期.那时候,展开在我面前的物理世界更加广阔起来.     

浅谈物理学研究和应用中的类比法

在物理学的方法论中，类比法是一种逻辑思维方法，也是一种重要的创新思维方式．本文根据其原则介绍了类比法在以下四个方面的运用：物理学研究、物理模型和概念提出、建立物理理论、物理教学．     

物理美学思想的育人价值

“美”有不同的表现形式．绘画、自然风景以及音乐等，是直接作用于人的感官使人感受到的美的形式；另一种美则是通过人的感官反映到意识中，这些信息经过理性加工才能感觉到它的美．这种美体现的是一种内在结构的和谐、有序的理性美，正像有位科学家说过“科学家的灵窍，诗人的心扉，画家的慧眼，所感受到的都是同样的和谐，同样的优美．”而物理学之美体现的就是这后一种的理性美．     

Application of the new pattern recognition system in the new e-nose to detecting Chinese spirits

We present a new pattern recognition system based on moving average and linear discriminant analysis （LDA）, which can be used to process the original signal of the new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal air-sensitive sensor system we designed, called the new e-nose. Using the new e-nose, we obtain the template datum of Chinese spirits via a new pattern recognition system. To verify the effectiveness of the new pattern recognition system, we select three kinds of Chinese spirits to test, our results confirm that the new pattern recognition system can perfectly identify and distinguish between the Chinese spirits.     

行星运动物理问题的简单处理

从角动量和能量守恒定律出发,建立行星椭圆运动的轨道方程,导出行星运动时的各个物理量表达式,从而给出了一种以初等数学为基础的处理行星运动的简洁方法。     

干摩擦引起自激振动现象研究

对干摩擦引起自激振动现象进行分析,得到了其解析表达式,对振动过程进行了详细的分析,画出了振动曲线和相图,说明这就是弦弓乐器发出优美声乐的物理原因.     

旋转二次曲面线圈轴线上的磁场

从普通物理电磁学角度出发,分别讨论了球状、椭球状、旋转抛物面状及双曲面状线圈旋转对称轴线上的磁场问题,最后得到了一个关于旋转二次曲面对称轴线上磁场的普适表达式.     

研究椭圆积分物理问题的一种方法

在一些力学问题的研究中，严格的求解必须进行椭圆积分，这使问题变得复杂．但如果运用被积函数的某些性质，通过简单的数学运算，就可以化难为易，得到问题定性的、大致的结果．     

有阻尼单摆的冲击波解

研究和分析有阻尼单摆的运动方程,应用近似法方程时发现存在冲击波解并精确求解.同时结合有阻尼单摆的相图分析冲击波解存在的物理意义.     

The algebra of physical magnitudes

We define a physical magnitude as an equivalence class of measurement procedures and formulate sufficient restrictions on the equivalence relation to guarantee meaningful algebraic operations between magnitudes. These restrictions are not sufficient to let the Kochen and Specker argument go through. They are, however, stronger than mere statistical equivalence of measurement procedures and thus are relevant to the problem of the completeness of quantum mechanics. In fact, they give rise to a strong argument for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics.     

梯形网络等效电阻网络分析的再研究

基于对称互易网络的A参数，利用网络分析法探讨了梯形网络等效电阻的一般式，并将结果与相关讨论进行了比较。     

The physical meaning of quantization

After analyzing the difficulties for a local realistic interpretation of quantum theory, it is argued that such an interpretation might be possible if some new postulates are added to the standard ones. We propose a stochastic interpretation of quantum theory, which involves the need of joint probability distributions for all relevant observables. The well known problems for the existence of joint distributions are solved by assuming that neither all Hermitian operators correspond to observables nor all density matrices represent physical states. A research program along these lines is presented studying in particular the Maxwell quantum field and the Dirac field.     

The Flow Patterns and Wall Stresses in a Louvered‐Wall Moving Granular Filter Bed of Quartz Sand

The flow patterns and wall stresses in a two‐dimensional louvered moving granular filter bed of quartz sand were investigated. The flow pattern histories of granular solids in the filter bed were recorded using a digital camcorder and a pressure gauge for simultaneously measuring the normal stresses as well as shear stresses of the granular solids. The static wall stress distributions produced by the granular solids were measured, and agreed with a theoretical prediction formed using the differential slice and Runge‐Kutta (order four) methods. The variations in the dynamic wall stresses with time in a moving granular filter bed were obtained and the effect of the louver angle upon the flow patterns and wall stresses was also investigated. Employing the results obtained by stress measurements and image processing, the wall pressure pulsation phenomena in a moving granular filter bed may be further understood. The results reported here provide fundamental information for the design of moving granular filter beds to act as high‐temperature flue gas cleanup filters.