催化裂化油浆中烯烃分布研究

以某催化裂化油浆为原料,通过二烯值和溴价分析方法测定了其四组分和五个馏分中共轭烯烃(双键)和烯烃(双键)的含量;同时结合紫外光谱法、核磁共振氢谱法(~1H-NMR)对其四组分和五个馏分中的烯烃类型和含量进行了表征和测定。结果表明,催化裂化油浆中的确存在烯烃(双键)和共轭烯烃(双键),其烯烃(双键)和共轭烯烃(双键)的含量高达21%和6%,四组分中的共轭烯烃(双键)含量依次增多,五个馏分中共轭烯烃(双键)的含量在5%左右,且四组分和五个馏分中烯烃(双键)的含量均呈现先减小后增大的趋势。同时,不同组分和不同馏分之间正构α-烯烃和内烯烃的含量也存在差异。     

烯烃与双烯烃共聚合物反应机理.Ⅷ.红外光谱定量法观察双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯聚合过程中悬挂双键的变化

本文是用红外光谱测定双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯在交链聚合反应中,凝胶点以后悬挂双键含量的变化。在测定中用1630cm~(-1)和945cm~(-1)作为分析谱带。     

Wittig-Horner 反应合成维A酸酯的改进方法

改进了Wittig-Horner反应合成维A酸酯的方法,利用3-甲基5-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环已烯-1-基)-1,3(或1,4)-戊二烯膦酸二烷基酯直接与五碳醛反应合成目标产物,省掉了碱催化下的双键重排反应。将含有C^1末端双键的膦酸二烷基酯直接用于wittig-Horner反应。     

C-去甲-D-高甾烷的合成工艺改进

以海可吉宁为原料,经乙酰化反应制得海可吉宁乙酸酯(2);2用硼氢化钠还原得到C12-羟基化合物(3);3与对甲苯磺酰氯反应成酯得化合物(4);4经重排反应合成了具有异甾环骨架的烯烃化合物(5),总收率62.6%. 5的结构经1H NMR, MS和IR表征.用正交实验优化了3的合成工艺,使3的收率达95.2%;考察了重排反应溶剂对环内双键[5a(Δ17a(18)-olefin)]和环外双键[5b(Δ13(17a)-olefin)]异构体比例的影响,结果表明,以无水吡啶为溶剂时,5的收率达到86.1%,且5a含量达到100%.     

气相色谱–质谱法测定生物降解产品中2种聚酯材料

建立一种气相色谱–质谱法测定生物降解产品中聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸/己二酸/丁二酯2种聚酯材料的方法。利用酯交换反应在高温高压条件下将聚酯材料转变成酯类小分子,通过气相色谱–质谱(GC–MS)仪定量分析酯交换溶液中小分子含量,并计算聚酯材料的准确含量。样品量为0.01～0.1 g,反应温度为220 ℃,反应时间为3 h,反应溶液稀释后用DB–WAX型色谱柱分离,选择离子监测/全扫描(SIM/SCAN)模式,气相色谱–质谱法测定。3种聚酯材料的质量浓度在1～20 mg/L范围内与其各自的色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.12～0.13 mg/L。聚乳酸样品中PLA的平均含量为98.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.84%,聚对苯二甲酸/己二酸/丁二酯中PBAT的平均含量为101.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.47%(n=6)。使用市售的聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚丁二酸-己二酸丁二酯塑料粒子对该方法进行验证,4种材质样品的实测含量为98.1%～100.6%,与理论值偏差较小。     

膦腈碱催化甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的负离子共聚反应

室温下以膦腈碱(t-Bu P4)为催化剂,催化甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(AMA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)进行负离子共聚反应.用核磁(1H-NMR、13C-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和热失重分析仪(TGA)等对聚合物结构和性能进行表征.结果发现,t-Bu P4能在室温下成功催化AMA与MMA的共聚反应,一步法合成结构可控的含悬垂双键共聚物.共聚反应中单体AMA和MMA的转化率均高于90%,且无交联或凝胶生成.通过NMR和FTIR对聚合物进行结构分析表明,AMA单体仅甲基丙烯酸酯双键参与聚合反应,烯丙基双键不参与聚合反应、无交联反应、环化反应等.聚合物中烯丙基结构单元的含量可通过体系中AMA/MMA的投料比调节.GPC结果表明所得共聚物分子量可控且分子量分布较窄.TGA和DSC结果表明,共聚物的热分解温度升高,玻璃化温度降低.     

美国加州伯克利分校化学化工专业有机化学试题答案

六、1.(A)反应速度较快。这两个反应都是β—酮酸酯的脱羧反应。反应(B)不能通过烯醇式发生脱羧。因中间体六元酯环中含有“反式”双键构型,内能高,(B)几乎不能发生。2.(B)反应速度较快。(A)中的酯环化合物不存在这种可逆平衡关系。而(B)是两个半缩醛环状结构,通过开链式达到平衡的反应。     

多官能团单体对超支化聚酰胺酯光固动力学及其固化膜热性能的影响

以1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷为核,4-N,N-（2-羟乙基）-4-酮丁酸为单体,按照 一定比例,合成理论上第二代羟端基超支化聚酰胺酯,再与丙烯酰氯反应获得丙烯 酸化超支化聚酰胺酯预聚物（HAPAE-2-A）,它在光引发剂存在下经紫外光辐照可 以快速固化成膜。根据~1H NMR 谱测定所得产物的反应程度为85%。采用凝胶渗透 色谱和气相渗透法测定所得产物的分子量分布和数均分子量分别为2.16和1620 g/mol,与其理论分子量相比,其反应程度为89%,从而估算产物实际端基丙烯酸 酯双键数为10左右。采用光-差热分析仪研究HAPAE-2-A的反应动力学,发现当体系 中加入多官能团单体,如三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、己二醇二丙烯酸酯和乙氧基一 缩二乙二醇丙烯酸酯时,多官能团单体的官能度及含量会对体系的最大光聚合反应 速率和不饱和双键的反应程度产生较大的影响。通过动态力学热性能测试发现 HAPAE-2-A光固化膜的玻璃态转化温度随多官能团单体的加入而提高。     

烯虫酯的立体选择性全合成

以香茅醛为起始原料, 通过羟醛缩合反应和Reformatskii反应得到3,7,11-三甲基-2,4,10-十二碳三烯酸异丙酯的双键顺反异构体混合物, 经苯硫酚两次催化双键顺反异构化, (2E,4E)-异构体3a的含量由原来的26%提高到85%. 再通过醚化反应, 立体选择性地全合成了具有保幼激素活性的昆虫生长调节剂烯虫酯及其异构体, 即11-甲氧基-3,7,11-三甲基-2,4-十二碳二烯酸异丙酯. 其中具有较高生物活性的(2E,4E)-异构体的含量达85%. 各步所合成的化合物的结构经IR, MS和NMR证实.     

气相色谱和色-质谱法测定昆虫性信息素双键位置的研究

昆虫性信息素是一种微量生物活性物质,通常每头雌蛾中的含量仅毫微克,它们的结构大部分是直碳链不饱和的醛,醇及其酯。因此测定昆虫性信息素的双键位置是通过简易的操作在双键上进行化学反应,然后用高灵敏度的GC和GC/MS 进行检测。本文主要介绍用臭氧化或将双键转化为环氧,甲氧基等微量测定昆虫性信息素双键位置的方法:     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.