紫外法与红外法测定石油类的比对研究

将新近实施用于测定地表水中石油类的紫外分光光度法与红外分光光度法的方法特性参数以及应用于各类实际水样测定进行比对研究。结果表明,两种方法的实际检出限均为0.004mg/L、测定下限均为0.016mg/L,加标回收样品紫外法测定结果相对标准偏差为4.2%～6.6%,加标回收率为82.0%～96.0%;红外法相对标准偏差为3.8%～5.5%,加标回收率为82.0%～97.0%,精密度和准确度等性能指标相近,在使用不同萃取方式应用于各种不同来源和组成水体的实际样品测定时,同种方法所得结果相对偏差均小于10%,但紫外分光光度法所得结果与红外分光光度法最大相对偏差达到了49.0%,并且红外分光光度法测定结果较之紫外分光光度法与样品理论浓度值更为接近,表明紫外分光光度法对较复杂水体石油类样品的测定存在局限性。     

荧光光度法测定地表水、地下水及废水中石油类样品的方法优化

改进了利用荧光分光光度计测定水质石油类样品的分析方法.水质石油样品采用正己烷提取,经硅酸镁净化后使用荧光分光光度计检测.经过优化,方法曲线线性在0.999以上,检出限为0.007 mg/L.经过3种地表水、1种地下水以及2种工业废水的验证,回收率为87.5％～110.0％.分别使用紫外法、红外法与荧光光度法进行比对,地...     

又出新标准!水中油的测定方法或将迎来大变化北大核心CSCD

近日,生态环境部发布了关于征求《水质石油类的测定紫外分光光度法（征求意见稿）》、《水质石油类的测定荧光分光光度法（征求意见稿）》、《水质石油类的测定重量法（征求意见稿）》三项国家环境保护标准意见的函。     

测定诺氟沙星胶囊的新方法

诺氟沙星(Norfloxacinium)是近几年合成的新抗菌素(图1)。具有抗菌谱广,疗效好,毒性低等优点。目前已广泛应用于临床。中国药典1990年版中对诺氟沙星胶囊的含量测定采用非水滴定法。本文改进了此法,采用紫外分光光度法测定该品种含量。实验表明该法简便、快速、重现性也较好。仪器与试药仪器:日本岛津UV-2100紫外分光光度计;日本岛津UV—260紫外分光光度计;751—GW(上海分析仪器厂)。     

应用最小二乘法于壳聚糖测定的数据处理

应用紫外分光光度法和旋光法分别测定了壳聚糖的含量.在建立壳聚糖浓度与吸光度(紫外分光光度法)及壳聚糖浓度与旋光度(旋光法)之间的线性方程中,采用最小二乘法(LS法)对相关数据进行了处理.试验结果所示:用LS法所得上述两种测定方法的拟合曲线得出的测定结果,与常规方法所得曲线相比,具有更高的精密度和准确度.再者,两种测定方法的拟合曲线相比较,紫外分光光度法的曲线具有更高的精密度.     

用紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法测定几种植物激素的电离常数

分别采用紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法测定了脱落酸、3-吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、水杨酸等几种植物激素的电离常数,对比分析了两种测试方法的原理、测试步骤和数据处理方法.结果表明,采用两种方法测定的四种样品的电离常数与文献报道值一致,且测量结果的重现性较好;这表明紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法可方便地用于测定有机化合物的电离常数.     

低吸光度差示分光光度法测定油品中的铁

将一新的低吸光度差示分光光度法用于油品中铁的测定并与普通分光光度法测定结果的精密度和准确度进行了比较。结果表明，对于低吸光度样品的测定，该法较普通分光光度法准确。同时，该法克服了以前低吸光度差示分光光度法中差示吸光度与样品含量不成线性关系的不足。     

甲基橙指示抑制光度法测定药物中水杨酸

水杨酸在医药和工业生产中应用非常广泛,具有杀菌、消毒、溶解角质等功效,大面积使用吸收后可出现水杨酸全身中毒症状。目前测定水杨酸的方法有紫外分光光度法、荧光法、化学发光法、导数光谱法、流动注射分光光度法等。本文发现在酸性条件下,水杨酸对溴酸钾-溴化钾-甲基橙反应体系有明显的抑制作用。据此建立了测定水杨酸的抑制光度方法。该法准确、快捷、操作简单。     

硝酸铜稳定消化—超声络合萃取测定硒

本文报道以硝酸铜作为稳定剂对含硒样品进行消化，用超声波加快硒和邻苯二胺的络合与萃取，利用紫外分光光度法测定硒。该方法使样品消化过程中的硒损失大为减少，使络合萃取时间变短，提高了硒测定的精密度和准确度。回收率达９８．３５％－１０２．１７％。     

紫外分光光度法测定酒葡萄原汁中的维生素C

还原型维生素Ｃ在紫外区 2 4 3 8ｎｍ处有最大吸收峰 ,而且在较大范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,因此可用紫外分光光度法测定。但由于酒葡萄原汁有很深的颜色 ,含有大量在紫外区也有吸收的其它成份 (主要是葡萄糖和多种有机酸 ) ,影响测定结果的准确性 ,因此 ,必须对样品紫外区本底吸收进行校正。谭延华[1 ] 提出一种以Ｃｕ2 +作氧化剂 ,对样品中紫外干扰物质 ,进行本底校正的方法 ,但由于使用了 2 4 3 8ｎｍ处有紫外吸收的ＥＤＴＡ对体系中的剩余Ｃｕ2 +进行掩蔽 ,严重影响了测定结果的准确性。为此 ,李军[2 ] 对紫外分光光度法测定食品中还原…     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定水样中痕量结晶紫

提出了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定水样中结晶紫的新方法,研究了非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114浊点萃取的最佳条件,如pH、试剂用量、平衡时间和温度等。结晶紫的最大吸收波长为579 nm,标准曲线的线性范围是32～700 ng/mL,检出限是9.8 ng/mL,富集倍率为20。结晶紫的浓度在0.2和0.5μg/mL时的相对标准偏差分别为2.5%和1.7%(n=8)。应用本方法测定水样中的痕量结晶紫,平均回收率95.2%～98.1%。     

STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE BISMUTH(Ⅲ) BY THIN-LAYER RESIN PHASE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

In this paper, a new thin-layer ion-exchange resin phase analytical method is introduced. It is based on that, the bismuthous cation can associate with iodic anions, so as to formed an anioncomplex [BiI-4] in a strong acidic environments. This anion complex can also exchanges with a weaker anions on the surface active site of anion exchange resin, so that a [R+] [BiI-4] solid phase binary associational system is produced. Owing to the solid system is a great many dispersive particulates, it can be pressed to a thin-layer by press tools of the so called "thin-layer resin phase"or "resin phase ", and using this solid association system spectrophotometry for the determination of trace metals. So it can increase the analytical sensitivity. This association system exhibits maximum absorbance at 460nm, and obeys Beer's law over the concentration range 0. 01ug/ml～1.20ug/ml of bismuthous(Ⅲ). It has a molar absorptivity of 7.1 ×105 [L/mol cm]. It indicated the resin phase spectrophotometry is a sensitive analytical method for trace bismuthous. It is 18 times higher than routine aqueous spectrophotometry. The relative standard deviations is 1.82% (n=6) for the measurements of 0. 5ug/ml Bi(Ⅲ). The detection limit of Bismuthous(Ⅲ) is 1.4 ×10-8mol/L. The method has applied to the analysis Bi(Ⅲ) in environmental water samples.     

阴离子树脂分离富集光度法测定尾矿中微量钼

研究了717型阴离子交换树脂柱分离-富集钼的条件,建立了分光光度法测定尾矿中微量钼的方法。在pH 7.5的条件下,钼以MoO42-形式被树脂定量吸附后,采用体积比1:1的2 mol/L HNO3和0.5 mol/L NH4NO3混合溶液洗脱,消除了绝大部分共存离子的干扰。结果表明,采用硫氰酸盐光度法,体系的最大吸收波长为460 nm,线性范围为0～120.0μg/L,检出限为1.3μg/L。对实际样品测定结果与ICP-AES法相符,6次测定值的RSD=3.3%,加标回收率在96.2%～105.7%之间。     

流动注射-分光光度法测定水中氰化物

使用流动注射(FIA)-分光光度法测定水中的氰化物的含量,并与传统分光光度法的分析结果进行比对。实验证明流动注射(FIA)-分光光度法操作简便、线性好,灵敏度、精密度、准确度都能符合分析工作要求。检出限为0.2μg/L,适用于水中微量氰化物的检测。分析频率为每小时30个样品,特别适合大批样品的测定。     

A sensitive and rapid UV–vis spectrophotometry for organophosphorus pesticides detection based on Ytterbium (Yb3+) functionalized gold nanoparticle

AuNPs possess oxygen-containing functional groups and strong complexation reaction with Yb3+. While oxygen-containing thiophosphate in the OPs molecule can combine with Yb³⁺ as a cross-linking molecule to produce insoluble yetterbium phosphate, resulting in the aggregation of AuNPs and great decrease in ultraviolet absorbance strength at 520 nm by ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer.     

利用连续流动分析仪测定水溶肥料硝态氮的方法研究

探讨了利用连续流动分析仪测定水溶肥料中的硝态氮的方法。选择含腐植酸、有机、微量元素、大量元素等4类水溶肥料样品,采用水振荡浸提试样,利用连续流动分析仪对浸提液中硝态氮的含量进行测定,并与紫外分光光度计测定数据进行对比,探讨利用连续流动分析仪测定化学肥料中硝态氮含量可行性。结果表明,流动分析仪法的方法检出限为0.008 g/kg;加标回收率在93.2%~101%;测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.7%~8.3%;所得数据与紫外分光光度计测定结果对比分析,t检验结果表明两种方法无显著差异;两种方法测定数据之间拟合方程为y=0.9782x+0.0768,R²=0.9966。结果表明,连续流动分析仪测试速度快,试剂消耗量少,精密度和准确度满足要求,可用于水溶肥料硝态氮含量的分析测定。     

Simultaneous determination of three surfactants and water in shampoo and liquid soap by ATR-FTIR

It is demonstrated for the first time that the principal constituents of a shampoo as well as of a liquid soap -three surfactants and water- can be determined directly, simultaneously and quickly in undiluted samples by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in the middle infrared region, despite the broad absorption bands of the solvent. Two of the surfactants, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), are common to both formulations; alkylpolyglucoside (APG) is the third surfactant of the liquid soap and cocodiethanolamide (CDEA), the corresponding ingredient of the shampoo. Absorbance data of the undiluted samples and of the calibration standards was collected in the middle infrared region of the spectrum (800-1600 and 1900-3000 cm⁻¹). Two methods of multivariate quantification were compared: classical least squares (CLS), where absorbance data measured at 200 wavenumbers was processed, and inverse least squares (ILS), where data at 10 selected wavenumbers was analyzed. A spectra normalization procedure, based on a dominating water band, was examined. Twenty-seven standard mixtures were used for each application, consisting of all combinations at three concentration levels of each surfactant, respectively the lower limit, the expected value and the upper limit accepted in quality control. By favoring wavenumbers where absorption bands of the minor components (APG in the liquid soap and CDEA in the shampoo) are more intense, good results were obtained for 18 simulated samples of shampoo and 18 samples of liquid soap, no matter if calculations were made by CLS or ILS. The relative errors for water (major component, 84-88%) and SLES (7-10%) were always below 2%; for CAPB (2-4%), APG (<2%) and CDEA (<2%), they occasionally reached 5% of the component, an uncertainty of less than 0.07% in terms of the sample weight.     

A New Extraction Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Phenol in Water

The product of the reaction among phenol, sodium nitroprusside and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in an alkaline solution can be extracted by chloroform in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide(CPB), on the basis of which a new extraction spectrophotometric method for the determination of phenol in water is developed. The optimum determination wavelength is 720 nm. The molar absorptivity is 1.05×105 mol-1·L·cm-1 and the detection limit is 4.0 μg/L. For 30.0 and 60.0 μg/L standard solutions, the relative standard deviations are 4.5% and 2.2%, respectively(n=6). F values of the statistical analysis show that there is no notable difference between the proposed method and 4-AAP method. The results of the standard addition method for the natural water samples are satisfactory.     

Identification and determination of phenols and chloro-phenols in very dilute aqueous solutions by gas-liquid chromatography,paper chromatography and spectrophotometry

After concentration of the organic substances from water samples of 700 to 20,000 l by adsorption on active carbon and desorption with chloroform in a large Soxhlet apparatus, tlie organic compounds were separated by extraction into 5 different groups: acids, phenols, bases, neutral and amphoteric substances. The phenol group was investigated by gas and paper chromatography, ultraviolet difference spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy. Phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophcnol, 2- and 3-cresol, 2,4-xylenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol were identified in samples of raw and treated water. Quantitative measurements proved to be possible with gas chromatography. The conditions for quantitative desorption and separation were studied.