Analysis of the instability in relativistic traveling wave tube

The relativistic traveling wave tube is an important high power microwave source. The corrugated cylindrical waveguide is usually used as slow wave structure of this device. Starting from wave equation and using boundary conditions, dispersion relation is derived for the corrugated waveguide, in which an intense relativistic electron beam propagates along the axis. Two cases which are shorter period and longer period are discussed in this paper respectively. The small signal gain of the relativistic traveling wave tube is analyzed and some conclusions are drawn. The analysis method presented in this paper can be extended to other types of slow wave structures of relativistic traveling wave tube.     

同轴交错圆盘加载波导慢波结构高频特性的研究

采用多导体传输线分析方法, 对同轴交错圆盘加载波导慢波结构进行了理论分析, 得到了这种慢波结构的色散方程; 利用该色散方程, 得到的色散特性与HFSS仿真软件模拟结果符合良好. 分析了结构参数的变化对同轴交错圆盘加载波导慢波结构的色散特性影响. 结果表明: 增加内径和减小慢波结构的单位周期长度可以拓展慢波结构的带宽. 对同轴圆盘加载波导和同轴交错圆盘加载波导两种慢波结构的色散特性进行了比较, 结果表明: 采用圆盘交错加载方式可以减弱色散, 拓展带宽. 研究结果对同轴交错圆盘加载波导在毫米波行波管中的应用具有指导意义. 关键词： 行波管 同轴交错圆盘加载波导 慢波结构 色散特性     

相对论行波管高频系统的数值模拟及实验验证

 分别采用有限元算法软件（HFSS）和有限积分法软件（MAFIA）对相对论行波管盘荷波导慢波结构进行建模，求出了相应的色散曲线。在此基础上设计了可用于相对论行波管的一种宽带和一种窄带的盘荷波导结构。加工了它们的冷测模型，测试曲线和模拟曲线吻合很好，从而验证了这两种软件尽管计算方法不同，但都可以对行波管慢波结构本征值问题进行求解。     

0.14 THz瓦量级折叠波导行波管设计

在本课题组此前采用显式方法设计0.14 THz宽带折叠波导慢波结构的基础上,设计了一种0.14 THz瓦量级输出折叠波导行波管。通过CST MWS软件分析结构尺寸对冷测特性的影响规律来确定一组慢波结构参数,然后对电子枪、永磁聚焦系统、输入输出结构、衰减结构及收集极系统进行设计,最后经过CST PS软件进行整管热测特性仿真模拟。此过程不断迭代,最终找到一组结构参数满足频率在0.14 THz、输入功率为20 mW时,折叠波导行波管输出功率大于6 W。为了验证设计的电子光学系统的正确性,加工装配了一根流通管,并进行了流通率测试,测得流通率大于80%。     

Study of Propagating Characteristics for Folded Waveguide TWT in Millimeter Wave

Folded waveguide circuit (FWC) is an ideal slow wave structure for broadband power traveling wave tube (TWT) in millimeter wave. But owing to changes of propagating character by reflecting of waveguide bend and electron beam hole, stopband can be formed. On the basis of computation of the stopband, effects of the dimension of FWC on stopband width are analyzed. It is available for design in FWC TWT.     

C波段50 MW行波输出速调管设计

设计了导流系数1.53 P的电子枪,枪内场强低于22.1 kV/mm,阴极平均负载小于6.3 A/cm2;采用部分屏蔽流均匀场电磁聚焦系统,实现了对电子注的良好聚焦;设计了C波段/2模盘荷波导行波输出结构,采用CST软件对其色散特性、耦合阻抗进行了计算分析。首先以单间隙输出腔代替行波输出结构对5腔注-波互作用系统进行计算,确定了前4腔的设计参数,然后采用PIC模拟软件对具有盘荷波导结构的输出系统进行了三维模拟,获得了大于50 MW的输出功率,效率大于45%,饱和增益大于50 dB,盘荷波导结构间隙电压比单间隙输出腔下降30%,效率提高4%。     

毫米波折叠波导行波管输入输出过渡波导设计

折叠波导以其宽频带、加工方便而成为一类重要的毫米波与太赫兹波段行波管慢波线。针对折叠波导慢波系统与标准波导的匹配过渡连接,通过等效电路分析与电磁计算软件模拟,设计出了直渐变波导、双曲圆弧渐变波导、切比雪夫阶梯渐变波导3种输入输出过渡波导结构,分析了各种过渡波导的优缺点及结构尺寸对性能的影响。计算表明,经过合理优化的设计,3种过渡结构均可以使反射系数在28~40 GHz波段小于0.05。     

相对论行波管慢波结构几何参数研究

 推导了无引导磁场下具有离子通道的波纹波导中的色散方程,并通过数值计算分析了该慢波结构的几何参数如波纹周期、波纹深度以及波导平均半径对相对论行波管的带宽及增益的影响,为相对论行波管的设计提供了一定的依据。     

Optimum Design of a Ridge Waveguide Transformer for MMW Tube's

A ridge waveguide transformer is commonly used in output structure for millimeter wave tubes(such as magnetron and traveling wave tube). It is not satisfied, if a traditional designing method is used in broadband case. The optimum design of a ridge waveguide transformer is given in this paper. The computation results show that the reflect character of the transformer can be met the demands for broad band match.     

脊加载同轴交错圆盘波导的高频特性

提出脊加载同轴交错圆盘波导慢波结构,并用电磁场仿真软件HFSS对其色散特性和耦合阻抗进行了计算,分析了不同结构参数对其高频特性的影响。研究表明:脊加载同轴交错圆盘波导有较好的色散特性,它比非同轴结构的带宽有明显增加,同时可以降低慢波结构的相速,用作行波管慢波结构时可以降低工作电压。脊加载同轴交错圆盘波导是一种全金属结构,散热性能好,损耗低,在毫米波及亚毫米波段的行波管中有较好的应用前景。     

行波管中慢电磁行波与电子注非线性互作用普遍理论

在同时考虑多信号输入和相对论效应的情况下，利用波导激励理论获得了行波管中慢电磁行波与电子注非线性互作用的全三维自洽工作方程组，包括激发方程、运动方程、能量转化方程、相位演化方程等，适合大部分行波管中慢电磁行波与电子注的非线性互作用过程.利用该理论具体分析了一个宽带螺旋线行波管在多信号输入时的交叉调制，并与实验结果进行了比较，验证了理论和计算的正确性.另外，还模拟了一个相对论盘荷波导行波管中的非线性注波互作用过程. 关键词： 行波管 慢电磁行波 非线性注波互作用 交叉调制     

ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE GRATING SLOW-WAVE STRUCTURE WITH THE ARBITRARY SHAPED GROOVES

The rectangular waveguide grating slow-wave structure (SWS) with arbitrary shaped grooves is presented and analyzed in this paper. As an all-metal slow-wave circuit, it has properties that can be used in high-power millimeter-wave or sub-millimeter wave traveling wave tube (TWT). The unified dispersion equation and the expression of coupling impedance are obtained in this paper by means of an approximate field-theory analysis, in which the profile of the groove is approximately replaced by a series of steps and the field continuity at the interface of two neighboring steps together with the field matching conditions at the interface between the groove region and the interaction region are employed. A rectangular groove SWS was manufactured and the cold measurement was made. The experimental data are in good agreement with the numerical calculation. The derived transcendental equations are resolved numerically for four classical structures such as rectangular, dovetail, ladder and cosine. Finally, taking the rectangular waveguide grating SWS with rectangular grooves for example, the influences of physical dimensions on dispersion relation and coupling impedance are discussed.     

内开槽矩形波导栅慢波电路高频特性的数值分析

 介绍了用德国CST公司提供的MWS 4.2软件模拟计算色散特性和耦合阻抗的理论方法，对内开槽矩形波导栅结构的高频特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在传统矩形波导栅结构的基础上，开槽后的矩形波导栅结构比开槽前的相速更低，用作行波管的慢波结构时，可降低工作电压，工艺上容易实现，而且耦合阻抗均在45 W以上，满足毫米波行波管的要求；在内开槽宽度一定的前提下，槽深、栅间距和栅周期的增大对降低系统相速有利。     

Modulation instability of pulsed radiation in an optical waveguide in the presence of the traveling refractive index wave

The conditions for the onset of modulation instability of wave packets in an optical waveguide in the presence of the traveling refractive index wave are investigated. An expression governing the growth rate of a small harmonic perturbation at the early development stage of the modulation instability is obtained. Based on numerical analysis, the behavior of the wave packet at the developed modulation instability stage is studied for different parameters of the waveguide and the refractive index wave.     

W波段折叠波导行波管振荡抑制

为了抑制W波段折叠波导行波管研制中的自激振荡,保证行波管正常放大工作,分析了折叠波导慢波结构中反射振荡、返波振荡和带边振荡的产生原因,开展了折叠波导行波管振荡抑制技术研究,通过优化设计和工艺研究采用周期跳变作为关键技术用于W波段折叠波导行波管的研制。通过模拟检验和实验验证,证明采用了振荡抑制技术后行波管自激振荡得到了有效的抑制,W波段脉冲行波管在20%占空比时脉冲输出功率大于100 W,带宽大于5 GHz。     

DIELECTRIC EFFECT ON THE RADIO-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE GRATING TRAVELING WAVE TUBE

A new type of partial-dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide grating slow-wave structure (SWS) for millimeter wave traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented in this paper. The radio-frequency characteristics including the dispersion properties, the longitudinal electric field distribution and the beam-wave coupling impedance of this structure are analyzed. The results show that the dispersion of the rectangular waveguide grating circuit is weakened, the phase velocity is reduced and the position of the maximum E _z is basically invariant after partially filling the dielectric materials in the rectangular waveguide grating SWS. Although the coupling impedance decreases a little, it still keeps above 40 Ω.     

345 GHz微折叠波导慢波结构的粗糙度和加工垂直度

通过理论和数值模拟方法,考虑金属粗糙度的情况下,研究了加工垂直度公差角在0~6°范围内变化时折叠波导慢波结构的工作性能,结果表明:金属波导表面的粗糙度增大时,慢波结构中电磁信号的传输损耗增大;垂直度公差角的增大也使得电磁信号的传输损耗增加,而且垂直度公差角所引起的结构变化会引起器件的电压工作点漂移、带宽降低等。     

结构参数对折叠波导行波管工作性能的影响

分析和计算了互作用区折叠波导截面长宽比(b/a)、直边高度和电子束通道大小等结构参数对太赫兹波段折叠波导行波管工作性能的影响。结果表明:互作用区衰减常数随b/a的增大而减小, 耦合阻抗和小信号增益则随b/a的增大先增加而后减小, 存在最优值。电子束通道越大, 衰减常数越大, 耦合阻抗和小信号增益降低得越多。相对于电子束通道, 增益和损耗对直边高度的敏感程度显著降低。因此为了提高器件功率容量, 可适当增加折叠波导的高度;在保证电子束能够顺利传输的前提下, 电子束通道越小越好。在折叠波导行波管的实际研制中, 可依据具体的实验条件和要求, 在适当的范围内合理选取互作用区各结构参数的值。     

同轴膜片加载圆波导相对论行波管注-波互作用线性理论研究

 从改善圆盘加载波导作为相对论行波管慢波结构的特性入手，加入同轴内导体，着重研究其小信号理论。利用场匹配法导出了“热”色散方程并计算求解，具体分析了系统的电子注参量及慢波结构几何尺寸对小信号增益及慢波相速的影响,为同轴圆盘加载相对论行波管的设计提供了理论基础。     

Adaptive Integrated Optical Bragg Grating in Semiconductor Waveguide Suitable for Optical Signal Processing

This article presents a methodology for an integrated Bragg grating using an alloy of GaAs, AlGaAs, and InGaAs with a controllable refractive index to obtain an adaptive Bragg grating suitable for many applications on optical processing and adaptive control systems, such as limitation and filtering. The refractive index of a Bragg grating is controlled by using an external electric field for controlling periodic modulation of the refractive index of the active waveguide region. The designed Bragg grating has refractive indices programmed by using that external electric field. This article presents two approaches for designing the controllable refractive indices active region of a Bragg grating. The first approach is based on the modification of a planar micro-strip structure of the iGaAs traveling wave as the active region, and the second is based on the modification of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots of an alloy from GaAs and InGaAs with a GaP traveling wave. The overall design and results are discussed through numerical simulation by using the finite-difference time-domain, plane wave expansion, and opto-wave simulation methods to confirm its operation and feasibility.