Cu2+掺杂的Bi2O3的制备及光催化性能的研究

本文采用并流沉淀法制备了Cu2+掺杂的纳米Bi2O3光催化剂(Cu/Bi原子比分别为1%,2%,3%和4%)。以甲基橙模拟有机污染物对催化剂的光催化性能进行了考察。用比表面(BET)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Cu2+掺杂量为3%时制备的Bi2O3具有最高的比表面积、孔容、最小孔径和晶粒尺寸。对甲基橙的光催化脱色结果显示掺杂量为3%时Cu2+-Bi2O3表现出最佳的光催化活性。     

Comparative study of CeO2 and doped CeO2 with tailored oxygen vacancies for CO oxidation

We report on the preparation and characterization of CeO(2) nanofibers (CeO(2)-NFs) and nanocubes (CeO(2)-NCs), as well as Sm- and Gd-doped CeO(2) nanocubes (Sm-CeO(2)-NCs and Gd-CeO(2)-NCs), synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process for CO catalytic oxidation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their oxygen-storing capacity (OSC) was examined by means of hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H(2)-TPR) and oxygen pulse techniques. Their catalytic properties for CO catalytic oxidation were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the CeO(2)-NFs possessed a higher catalytic activity compared to the CeO(2)-NCs because of their smaller size and the greater number of oxygen vacancies. The activity of the Sm-CeO(2)-NCs was higher than that of the CeO(2)-NCs due to an increase in the number of oxygen vacancies, which results from the substitution of Ce(4+) species with Sm(3+) ions. In contrast, Gd doping had a negative effect on the CO catalytic oxidation due to the special electron configuration of Gd(3+) (4f(7)). Our work demonstrates that the oxygen vacancies in pure CeO(2) and the electron configuration of the dopants in doped CeO(2) play an important role in CO oxidation.     

Relationship between the ionic and electronic partial conductivities of co-doped LSGM ceramics from oxygen partial pressure dependence of the total conductivity

La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.85-x Mg_0.15Co _x O_3±δ-materials (further cobalt-doped LSGM), where x varied from 0 to 0.20, were synthesized by means of the conventional powder route. The total conductivity of the La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.85-x Mg_0.15Co _x O_3±δ samples was measured as a function of temperature (400–900 °C) and oxygen partial pressure by means of the impedance technique. The values of the oxygen ionic and the hole conductivities were determined from non-linear regression of the oxygen partial pressure dependence of the total conductivity. It was shown that the substitution of gallium by cobalt in the LSGM results in increasing either the oxygen ionic or the hole conductivity, although the increase of the hole conductivity due to the doping by cobalt is more significant than the increase of the oxygen ionic conductivity. The hole conductivity of the selected compositions was studied by oxygen permeation- and Hebb–Wagner-polarization measurements.     

A mild and efficient method for the chemoselective deprotection of acetonides with lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate

Acetonides are hydrolyzed selectively and efficiently with lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate in acetonitrile. The method has good compatibility with other sensitive hydroxyl protecting groups such as trityl, TBDMS, THP, OAc, OBz and OBn.     

Role of rhodium doping into lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCoO3) perovskite and the induced bifunctional activity of oxygen evolution and reduction reactions in alkaline medium

Transition metal oxides, especially perovskites, have been considered effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen reduction (ORR) reactions in an alkaline solution. Here, a series of lanthanum cobalt rhodium oxide perovskites with the chemical formula LaCo_1-xRh_xO₃ (LCRO, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.70) were prepared through the approach of solid-phase synthesis and their bifunctional electrocatalytic activity was assessed for both the OER and ORR. The crystallinity, morphology, surface, and electrocatalytic features of the LCRO were significantly correlated with the rhodium content. The LaCo_0.7Rh_0.3O₃ electrocatalysts with x = 0.3 showed enhanced electrocatalytic bifunctional performance with a substantially lower OER/ORR onset potential of 1.38/0.73 V vs HRE, smaller Tafel slope (116/90 mV/dec), and low charge-transfer resistance, which is the most efficient catalyst among the other studied ratios and superior to the pristine lanthanum cobalt oxide benchmark electrocatalysts. The LaCo_0.7Rh_0.3O₃ electrode exhibit good bifunctional electrocatalytic behavior and long-term durability with an OER and ORR onset potential gap (ΔE = E_OER ? E_ORR) of only 0.65 V, which could be credited to the enriched oxygen vacancies, lattice expansion and the improved electrical conductivity upon the doping of larger size of Rh ions. The LaCo_1-xRh_xO₃ catalysts are obtained from abundant materials that have the potential of highly-active bifunctional OER and ORR electrocatalysts.     

State of atoms and interatomic interactions in perovskite-like oxides: XXII. Effect of the Ca-Sr ratio on exchange interactions in lanthanum manganites doped with calcium and strontium

Magnetic properties of lanthanum manganites of the perovskite structure, doped with calcium and strontium in various ratios, were studied. Magnetic dilution experiments and analysis of the temperature and concentration dependences of the magnetic characteristics showed that the properties of the manganites under consideration nonmonotonically depend on the Ca-Sr ratio in the lanthanum sublattice.     

Structural features of the electrode/solution interface at the reduction of Cr3+(aq) cations on liquid mercury and solid indium electrodes in acidic media

Characteristics of electroreduction of Cr³⁺ and Cr²⁺ ions on the dropping mercury (literature data) and indium cathodes are analyzed as a function of pH of the medium. A hypothesis that polymeric hydroxocompounds of chromium, which are present in different aggregate states, represent the main or partial reactants in the $ Cr\left( {III} \right)\xrightarrow{{ + e}}Cr\left( {II} \right)\xrightarrow{{ + 2e}}Cr Characteristics of electroreduction of Cr³⁺ and Cr²⁺ ions on the dropping mercury (literature data) and indium cathodes are analyzed as a function of pH of the medium. A hypothesis that polymeric hydroxocompounds of chromium, which are present in different aggregate states, represent the main or partial reactants in the stages is additionally substantiated. Original Russian Text ? V.N. Korshunov, V.A. Safonov, L.N. Vykhodtseva, 2008, published in Elektrokhimiya, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 275–285.     

Effect of the surface/bulk doping of lanthanum manganite on the oxygen mobility, reactivity and catalytic activity in the CO oxidation

Summary  Vezetéknév     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalyst Co‐doped with Fe and H3PW12O40

The mesoporous titanium dioxide (MTiO₂) photocatalysts co‐doped with Fe and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ were synthesized by template method using tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC₄H₉)₄), Fe(NO₃)k₃9H₂Oand H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ as precursors and Pluronic P123 as template. The as‐prepared photocatalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption‐desorption measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV‐vis adsorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl blue (MB) (50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the photocatalysts possessed a homogeneous pore diameter of ca. 10 nm with high surface area of ca. 150 m²/g. The results of MB photodecomposition showed that co‐doped mesoporous TiO₂ exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than un‐doped, single‐doped mesoporous TiO₂ under UV and visible light irradiation. It was shown that the co‐doped MTiO₂ could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo‐oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ co‐doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

Comparison of the Efficiency of the One and Two-Step Process for the Production of BSCCO (2212) Powders by Means of Analytical Techniques

 The efficiency of the production of the high temperature superconducting powders Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x (BSCCO 2212) using the solid state reaction in one or two step processes under different thermal treatment was compared by means of different modern analytical techniques. Through the same techniques the optimization of the production of the production of Bi-2212 powder produced by the two step process, was achieved. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the products for their stoichiometry and phase-purity. The grain size of the powders was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while their superconducting properties were tested by electrical DC-resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). It resulted that the two step process gives a high quality BSCCO 2212 superconducting powder with T _c = 85 K, in a shorter time and with a greater recovery rate than the one step process. Received May 3, 1999. Revision April 27, 2000.     

Study on the preparation and multiproperties of the polypyrrole films doped with different ions

Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with p‐toluene solfonate (pTS^?), perchlorate (ClO₄^?) and polyphosphate (PP^?) were electrochemically synthesized on the stainless steel SS‐304 and the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates successfully. The conducting polymer composite films were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectra, integrated thermal analysis system and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Four‐point probe measurements and in situ nanotribolab system equipped with a nanoscale electrical contact resistance package were employed to analyze their electrical and mechanical properties. Results indicate that the film doped with PP^? ion showed the best thermal stability. For the ClO₄^? ion doped films, the glass transition occurred at 274.8 °C. The pTS^? ion doped film on the SS‐304 steel had a good conductivity, and there was a voltage barrier that ranged from ?1.25 to 1.9 V according to the current–voltage curves. Nanoindentation tests show that the mechanical properties of the PPy/pTS^? film and the PPy/PP^? film were better than that of PPy/ClO₄^? films. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding the Impact of Bismuth Heterovalent Doping on the Structural and Photophysical Properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 Halide Perovskite Crystals with Near-IR Photoluminescence

A comprehensive study unveiling the impact of heterovalent doping with Bi³⁺ on the structural, semiconductive, and photoluminescent properties of a single crystal of lead halide perovskites (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃) is presented. As indicated by single-crystal XRD, a perfect cubic structure in Bi³⁺-doped CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ crystals is maintained in association with a slight lattice contraction. Time-resolved and power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy illustrates a progressively quenched PL of visible emission, alongside the appearance of a new PL signal in the near-infrared (NIR) regime, which is likely to be due to energy transfer to the Bi sites. These optical characteristics indicate the role of Bi³⁺ dopants as nonradiative recombination centers, which explains the observed transition from bimolecular recombination in pristine CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ to a dominant trap-assisted monomolecular recombination with Bi³⁺ doping. Electrically, it is found that the mobility in pristine perovskite crystals can be boosted with a low Bi³⁺ concentration, which may be related to a trap-filling mechanism. Aided by temperature (T)-dependent measurements, two temperature regimes are observed in association with different activation energies (E_a) for electrical conductivity. The reduction of E_a at lower T may be ascribed to suppression of ionic conduction induced by doping. The modified electrical properties and NIR emission with the control of Bi³⁺ concentration shed light on the opportunity to apply heterovalent doping of perovskite single crystals for NIR optoelectronic applications.     

Synthesis of novel polybenzimidazoles with pendant amino groups and the formation of their crosslinked membranes for medium temperature fuel cell applications

A series of new polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) with pendant amino groups have been synthesized via condensation polymerization of 5‐aminoisophthalic acid (APTA), isophthalic acid (iPTA), and 3,3′diaminobenzidine (DAB) in polyphosphoric acid at 190 °C for 20 h. The molar ratios between APTA and iPTA were controlled at 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively, and the copolymerization reactions were carried out via both random and sequenced manners. The resulting polymers showed good solubility in some organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The pendant amino groups of the PBIs were utilized to react with two kinds of crosslinkers, 1,3‐dibromopropane and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, to yield various crosslinked membranes. The crosslinked membranes generally showed good mechanical properties even at high‐phosphoric acid (PA) doping levels, whereas the uncrosslinked membranes highly swelled or even dissolved in PA. Fenton's test revealed that the crosslinked PBI membranes had excellent radical oxidative stability. The proton conductivities of the PA‐doped crosslinked membranes increased with an increase in temperature and high‐proton conductivity up to 0.14 S/cm at 0% relative humidity at 170 °C was achieved. The membranes with high PA‐doping levels, good mechanical properties, and high‐proton conductivities have been successfully developed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009     

微孔树脂镶嵌超细α-Fe2O3催化剂的制备、表征及其在苯酚H2O2羟化制备苯二酚反应中的应用

用离子交换方法制备了α-Fe2O3／微孔树脂催化剂。XRD，TEM和Moessbauer谱测试结果表明，制得的α-Fe2O3粒子尺寸非常细小，其粒径至少在5nm以下，该催化剂在苯酚H2O2羟化制备苯二酚反应中表现出了良好的催化活性，在n(苯酚）／n(H2O2)=3条件下，苯酚的有效转化率可达到22．4％，产物中邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的物质的量比接近1.4:1，反应放大3000倍后羟化活性及产物的选择性基本不变，与化学沉淀法制得的纳米α-Fe2O3羟化活性比较认为，造成二者催化活性不同的主要原因是α-Fe2O3的粒径发生了变化。     

La4(Si5.2Ge2.8O18)(TeO3)4 and La2(Si6O13)(TeO3)2: Intergrowth of the lanthanum(III) tellurite layer with the XO4 (X=Si/Ge) tetrahedral layer

Two novel lanthanum(III) silicate tellurites, namely, La₄(Si_5.2Ge_2.8O₁₈)(TeO₃)₄ and La₂(Si₆O₁₃)(TeO₃)₂, have been synthesized by the solid state reactions and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of La₄(Si_5.2Ge_2.8O₁₈)(TeO₃)₄ features a three-dimensional (3D) network composed of the [(Ge_2.82Si_5.18)O₁₈]⁴⁻ tetrahedral layers and the [La₄(TeO₃)₄]⁴⁺ layers that alternate along the b-axis. The germanate-silicate layer consists of corner-sharing XO₄ (X=Si/Ge) tetrahedra, forming four- and six-member rings. The structure of La₂(Si₆O₁₃)(TeO₃)₂ is a 3D network composed of the [Si₆O₁₃]²⁻ double layers and the [La₂(TeO₃)₂]²⁺ layers that alternate along the a-axis. The [Si₆O₁₃]²⁻ double layer is built by corner-sharing silicate tetrahedra, forming four-, five- and eight-member rings. The TeO₃²⁻ anions in both compounds are only involved in the coordination with La³⁺ ions to form a lanthanum(III) tellurite layer. La₄(Si_5.2Ge_2.8O₁₈)(TeO₃)₄ is a wide band-gap semiconductor.     

About the different reactivity of dinuclear palladium and platinum compounds with trispyrrolylphosphine: Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic results of new palladium complexes containing P-pyrrolyl bonds

The reaction of [Pt(μ-Cl)(κ,η²-COE-MeO)]₂ (2) (COE-MeO = 2-methoxy-5-cycloocten-1-yl) with trispyrrolylphosphine yields [PtCl{P(pyrl)₃}(κ,η²-COE-MeO)] (3), in contrast to the crown-cycle complex [Pd(μ-Cl) {P(pyrl)₃}]₈ (1) obtained with the analogous palladium complex. The different reactivity has been explained in terms of the higher lability of the carbon-carbon double bond in the starting palladium compound, as compared with the related platinum derivative. The reaction of 1 with the ligand 2-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)aminophenol], (HNN′O), in the presence of thalium salt and NEt₃, yields the complex [Pd(κ³N,N′,O-py-CHN-C₆H₄O)(P(O)(pyrl)₂)] (5), which contains, for the first time, a di(N-pyrrolyl)phosphonato-P ligand. Treatment of [PdCl(κ³N,N′,O-py-CHN-C₆H₄O)] with P(pyrl)₃ gives the amido derivative [PdCl{κ³P,N,N-(P(pyrl)₂-O-C₆H₄-N-CH(CH₂-CO-CH₃)-py)}] (7), which displays a N-Pd-P-O-C₂ six-membered metallacycle. In addition, the latter compound has been able to insert an acetone molecule into its framework. The crystal structures of 5 and 7 were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Intramolecular electrophilic rearrangements in saturated acyclic systems. Reactivity of the zwitterion derived from triisopropylphosphine and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate with respect to different types of electrophiles

The reactions of the zwitterion derived from triisopropylphosphine and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate with mercuric chloride and aryl isothiocyanates containing Cl atoms in the ortho positions of the benzene ring follow an unusual pathway because this zwitterion represents latent triisopropylphosphine due to the reversibility of the reaction of triisopropylphosphine with ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. The molecular structures of the adducts of triisopropylphosphine with 2,6-dichloro- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl isothiocyanates were confirmed by X-ray diffraction study. Protonation of the adduct of triisopropylphosphine with 2,6-dichlorophenyl isothiocyanate occurred at the nitrogen atom, whereas methylation with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate afforded an S-methylation product. The results of X-ray diffraction study of the resulting compounds are presented.     

Cubane-type Mo3CoS4 molecular clusters with three different metal electron populations: structure, reactivity and their use in the synthesis of hybrid charge-transfer salts

Heterodimetallic cubane-type complexes coordinated to diphosphanes [Mo(3)CoS(4)(dmpe)(3)Cl(4)](+) ([1](+)) (dmpe=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphanyl)ethane), [Mo(3)CoS(4)(dmpe)(3)Cl(4)] (1) and [Mo(3)CoS(4)(dmpe)(3)Cl(3)(CO)] (2) with 14, 15 and 16 metal electrons, respectively, have been prepared from the [Mo(3)S(4)(dmpe)(3)Cl(3)](+) trinuclear precursor using [Co(2)(CO)(8)] or CoCl(2) as cobalt source. Cluster complexes [1](+) and 1 are easily interconverted chemically and electrochemically. The Co-Cl distance increases upon electron addition and substitution of the chlorine atom coordinated to cobalt with CO only takes place in presence of a reducing agent to give complex 2. Structural changes in the intermetallic distances agree with the entering electrons occupying an orbital which is basically Mo-Mo non-bonding and slightly Mo-Co bonding. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for [1](+) and 1 are consistent with the presence of two and one unpaired electrons, respectively and therefore with an "e" character for the HOMO orbital. Oxidation of 1 with TCNQ results in the formation of a charge transfer salt formulated as [1](+)[TCNQ](-) with alternate layers of paramagnetic cluster cations and also paramagnetic organic anions. There is no magnetic interaction between layers and the thermal variation of the magnetic susceptibility has been modelled as a S= 1/2 TCNQ antiferromagnetic chain plus a S=1 cluster monomer with zero field splitting.     

Active layer of the oxygen cathode in a fuel cell with Nafion and platinum: The role played by the diffusion and ohmic restrictions and the selection of the working thickness of the active layer

The basic parameters that characterize the operation of the active layer of a cathode with Nafion are the effective coefficient of the diffusion of oxygen, the effective ionic conductance, and the thickness of the active layer. One of the deficiencies intrinsic to the fuel cells containing Nafion is their extreme sensitivity to the heat and moisture exchange. Nafion demands an optimum degree of humidification. Upon thoroughly draining the active layer of a cathode with Nafion, its effective ionic conductance substantially lowers, and large diffusion restrictions arise following the flooding of pores in the active layer. The goal of this work is to perform a comparison of values of some dimensional characteristics pertaining to the flooded and thoroughly drained active layers of a cathode with similar indicators of an active layer in its optimum (normal) state. It is demonstrated how one should perform the selection of the working thickness of an active layer that would provide for the efficiency of its functioning.