CoxTi1-xO2-δ体材中氢退火引起的铁磁性及结构相变

利用固相反应法在700℃-1000℃不同的温度下、空气中烧结Co3O4和TiO2混合物,制备了(Co3O4)x/3(TiO2)1-x(0相似文献   

Co,N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二氧化钛(TiO2)作为一种性能优良的光催化剂已经被广泛地研究和使用. 本研究中利用了第一性原理和GGA+U方法, 对锐钛矿结构TiO2晶体三种可能的(Co,N)共掺杂体系的几何结构、形成能、电子结构和光吸收系数进行了研究, 并与单掺杂(Co/N)体系进行了对比. 结果表明, 在三种共掺杂TiO2中, Co与N相邻时晶格畸变最小, 但掺杂原子周围晶格畸变较大;同时, 较低的形成能表明此种共掺杂结构最容易形成;此外, 因为Co与N成键, 其杂质能级的数目与能量较其他共掺杂结构有较大差异. (Co,N)共掺杂体系与未掺杂TiO2的相比, 其禁带宽度较小, 禁带中存在杂质能级, 因此其吸收边红移, 在可见光波段有较好的光吸收能力. 故(Co,N)共掺杂可以很好地提升锐钛矿型TiO2在可见光波段的光催化性能.     

空气电极/AC作载体对TiO2光催化性能的影响

研究了空气电极和活性碳 (AC)作载体对TiO2 光催化氧化活性艳红 (K 2BP)性能的影响 .实验结果表明 ,用空气电极 /AC作载体能显著提高TiO2 的光催化反应速度 ;空气电极不仅具有良好的合成H2 O2 的性能 ,而且对TiO2 光催化剂可产生大约 +0 .5V的偏压作用 ,大大减小了TiO2 光生电荷的复合几率 ;AC对有机物分子良好的吸附作用提高了有机物分子在TiO2 表面及周围的富集浓度 ,其含量在 2 1%左右可使光催化剂达到最佳的催化效果 .复合电极工作电流密度对活性艳红的氧化脱色速度有影响 ,i=15mA/cm2 ,速度达到最大 ;活性艳红分子在复合电极表面的吸附受溶液pH值的影响 ;提出了复合电极的工作原理 .     

紫外光下纳米TiO2薄膜亲水性机理的电化学研究

利用溶胶 凝胶方法在透明导电玻璃ITO (SnO2 ∶In)表面制备纳米TiO2 薄膜 ,XRD谱图表明TiO2 是锐钛矿晶型 ,AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)测得薄膜表面粒子约为 10 0nm .研究了ITO表面纳米TiO2 薄膜的光致亲水性变化 .通过循环伏安技术测定TiO2 薄膜电极在 2 5 3.7nm的紫外光照射后的电化学行为推测光致亲水性机理 .发现在紫外光照射一定时间后 ,TiO2 薄膜电极的循环伏安图在 +0 .0 35V处出现新的氧化峰 ;且随光照时间的增加 ,氧化峰的峰电流增大 ,溶液中的溶解氧对峰电流的大小有明显影响 .实验表明 ,在紫外光照下电极表面有Ti3 + 产生 ,证实了TiO2 薄膜的光致亲水性转变过程与Ti3 + 的生成导致的表面结构变化有关     

Co3O4 纳米棒的溶剂热合成及形成机理分析

以Co(NO3) 2 ·6H2 O为主要原料 ,H2 O2 为氧化剂 ,在油酸和正十二烷烃的混合溶液中 ,利用溶剂热技术于 160℃反应 10h ,成功地合成了Co3O4 纳米棒 .用X射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)和振动样品磁强计 (VSM)等手段对产物进行了表征 ,并对产物的形成机理进行了初步分析 .结果表明 ,产物为立方型Co3O4 纯相 ,优化实验条件可得到棒状Co3O4 ,其平均尺寸约为 2 5× 10 0nm .Co3O4 纳米棒的形成与微乳液的棒状结构有关 ,棒状结构的胶束是形成这种纳米棒的模板 .在室温下 ,产物的矫顽力 (Hc)为 3 5 3Oe ,剩余磁化率 (Mr)为 0 .4emu/g .     

掺Fe(Ⅲ)的A-TiO_2的水热法制备、表征及其光催化活性分析

一定条件下用水热法制备了的掺Fe(Ⅲ)的TiO2晶体,XRD分析结果表明它是锐钛矿型Fe(Ⅲ)的TiO2(A-TiO2).研究了以自制的掺Fe(Ⅲ)的A-TiO2为光催化剂对罗丹明B溶液的降解性能.结果表明,在5 mg/L的罗丹明B溶液中,加入0.1650 g自制的掺Fe(Ⅲ)的5%的A-TiO2,用硝酸调节溶液PH=5后,可见光照射下,43℃恒温磁力快速搅拌反应6 h,罗丹明B降解率为76.5%;同样条件下经254nm紫外光照6 h,降解率达到95.7%.     

新型复合电极对偶氮染料分子的光催化降解

介绍了具有合成H2 O2 和光催化性能的双功能新型复合电极 ,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法进行了表征 .双功能复合电极是将TiO2 光催化剂负载在活性碳 (AC)和具有合成H2 O2 性能的新型载体空气电极上形成的 .在复合电极作阴极的光反应器中 ,·OH和TiO2 光催化剂的存在实现了光化学氧化与光催化氧化在同一电极 /溶液界面上的联合作用 .实验结果表明 ,复合电极对提高偶氮染料分子活性艳红 (K 2BP)的氧化降解速度起了重要作用 ,仅反应 3min ,脱色率可达 4 9% ;反应 80min ,偶氮染料分子COD去除率可达 4 7% .     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及Eu~(3+)掺杂发光研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了四种不同配方Eu3+掺杂的TiO2纳米晶.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱、光致发光光谱对样品的形貌、成份及性能进行了表征.研究了退火温度、稀土Eu3+离子掺杂摩尔分数、溶剂乙醇量等对发光性能的影响,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.结果表明:稀土Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶样品,掺杂均匀、颗粒大约在30～80nm;从EDS能谱分析可得Ti:O原子个数比并不是按化学计量TiO2满足1:2,这是因为在TiO2中形成的是Ti-O-Ti键,Eu3+离子很可能取代了Ti4+离子,同时又形成了氧空位,表明稀土Eu3+离子进入TiO2晶格中;样品的主发射峰在614nm(5D0→7F2)处发光最强,且在593nm(5D0→7F1)处出现了属于磁偶极跃迁的发射峰,制备Eu3+∶TiO2纳米晶的组分、退火温度、溶剂乙醇的量不同,发射光谱的强度也不同.     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及Eu3＋掺杂发光研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了四种不同配方Eu3+掺杂的TiO2纳米晶.利用扫描电镜（SEM)、EDS能谱、光致发光光谱对样品的形貌、成份及性能进行了表征.研究了退火温度、稀土Eu3+离子掺杂摩尔分数、溶剂乙醇量等对发光性能的影响,并对其发光机理进行了探讨.结果表明:稀土Eu3+掺杂TiO2纳米晶样品,掺杂均匀、颗粒大约在30~80 nm|从EDS能谱分析可得Ti:O原子个数比并不是按化学计量TiO2满足1:2,这是因为在TiO2中形成的是Ti-O-Ti键,Eu3+离子很可能取代了Ti4+离子,同时又形成了氧空位,表明稀土Eu3+离子进入TiO2晶格中|样品的主发射峰在614 nm(5D0→7F2)处发光最强,且在593 nm(5D0→7F1)处出现了属于磁偶极跃迁的发射峰,制备Eu3+∶TiO2纳米晶的组分、退火温度、溶剂乙醇的量不同,发射光谱的强度也不同.     

Eu3+掺杂5Li2O-1Nb2O5-5TiO2发光陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以Li2CO3、Nb2O5、TiO2和Eu2O3为原料,采用固相法制备Eu3+掺杂的5Li2CO3-1Nb2O5-5TiO2(LNT)发光介质陶瓷.通过密度、XRD和荧光光谱测试,对0.2%(质量分数)Eu2O3掺杂的陶瓷片进行性能表征.结果表明:1 120 ℃烧结致密的陶瓷片,其晶相结构为"M-相"与Li2TiO3两相复合构成;在400 nm的近紫外光激发下,样品有较强的橙光(592 nm)和红光(615 nm)发射,分别属于Eu3+的5D0→7F1的磁偶极跃迁和5D0→7F2的电偶极跃迁.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.