用摄像机和计算机记录物体的3维运动

介绍了用摄像机和计算机记录3维物体运动的实验方法，以及实验中的关键环节：对系统定标和确定时间坐标起点。用这种方法研究了球面摆的运动规律，实验结果与理论一致。     

Motion of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Bright Soliton Incident on a Step-Like Potential

The motion characteristics of a Bose-Einstein condensate bright soliton incident on a local step-like potential barrier are investigated analytically by means of the variational approach. The dynamics of the soliton-potential interaction is studied as well. Then the results are verified by direct numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. It is found that a moving bright soliton can be reflected from or pass over a step-like potentiaI in a controllable fashion, the critical velocity depends on the width of the soliton and the parameters of the step, and the motion trajectory of the soliton does not depend on its phase. The atom density envelope of the soliton is changed as the result of the interaction between the soliton and the step-like potential.     

行星的视运动与圆外旋轮线

用简化模型（行得在同一平面内绕太阳作匀速圆周运动）分析了行星相对于地球的运动（视运动）。给出了视运动的运动方程，证明了行星视运动的轨迹与圆外旋轮线，讨论了行星的顺向运动与逆向运动，给出了关于水星、金星、火星、土星、木星的数值结果。     

基于图像的三维刚体运动估计算法比较

基于图像特征点对应估计三维刚体运动是计算机视觉的一个基本问题。对四种常用的运动估计算法,包括基于三维特征点的奇异值分解法、正交分解法、单位四元数法和基于二维特征点的"8点算法",通过大量仿真实验和一个机载目标运动光测系统进行了精度,稳定性和效率的比较。结论表明,基于三维特征的算法比基于二维特征的算法精度高、稳定性好,效率高。其中在基于三维特征的算法中,奇异值分解法效率更高,单位四元数法稳定性更好,在基于二维特征的算法中采用非线性优化是必须的,而增加特征点数和降低噪声水平对四种算法都能提高精度。讨论了这些结论对解决实际问题的作用。     

卫星运动几个问题的释疑

在航空航天技术不断开发的今天,学生在学习有关卫星知识时,总是探究性地提出一些有关卫星及航天仪器的运动问题,解答这些问题,是知识教学走出课堂、联系实际、体现素质教育的良好途径,也是激发学生积极学习的重要环节.现就笔者历年教学中积累的几个典型问题,谈一些见解.     

在气垫导轨上演示运动独立性原理

从平抛运动出发,在气垫导轨上演示小球自由下落和竖直上抛实验,将平抛和斜抛运动分成垂直和水平2个方向的运动.本实验演示效果较好,实验现象直观,宜于学生理解运动的独立性原理.     

一种全局运动的图像处理算法研究

在摄像机进行航拍的图像处理系统中,由摄像机运动所引起的视频运动,背景变化是主要特点。在进行图像采集时,每个像素都在变化,采用传统的图像编码方式进行图像压缩,压缩效果比较差。提出了基于块分割的精确运动估计算法,它是一种很好的图像压缩方法。     

平抛运动中物体速度的变化

本文就平抛运动物体的速度变化作一分析. 设平抛运动物体的初速度及t、2t、3t…末的速度分别为v0、v1、v2、v3…,由于物体竖直向下做自由落体运动,分速度为每单位时间t内增加gt,故v0、v1、v2、v3…的矢量关系可由图1表示.     

单摆周期的相图求法

对单摆相图作了讨论,并由相图求出了单摆的运动周期。     

恒力作用下质点的相对论运动

研究在相对论情况下受恒力作用质点的曲线运动规律。     

匀速圆周运动的小球向心力突变后的轨迹

详细讨论了当向心力突然增大后,原来作匀速圆周运动的小球其运动轨迹的变化情况,证明了小球将作螺线运动.     

短波长自由电子激光器电子运动特性研究

短波长自由电子激光器的电子束在摇摆器中的传输通道长而狭窄, 须得电子具有良好的运动特性, 避免在传输过程中产生横向发散. 本文研究短波长自由电子激光器中超相对论电子在磁场具有横向分布的平面摇摆器中的三维运动特性, 用逐次逼近法推导相对论运动方程的解析表达式, 非线性数值计算模拟传输过程, 采用科尔莫 戈罗夫熵 方法分析运动的稳定性. 结果表明: 摇摆器磁场除使电子做周期性摇摆运动外, 还迭加了偏离轴线的横向漂移运动, 在没有外置的磁场聚焦系统情况下, 电子将偏离轴线横向发散; 但是, 恰当选取电子的横向初始速度, 可有效地防止电子运动的横向发散, 即使没有外置的磁场聚焦系统, 也能在长达10 m 的摇摆器中顺利传输, 横向位移范围不超过0.09 mm, 而且其运动是稳定的. 关键词： 短波长自由电子激光器 平面摇摆器 超相对论电子运动 运动稳定性     

A Repulsive Force from a Modification of General Relativity

Assuming a modification of general relativity which implies a direct coupling between the Ricci curvature scalar and the matter Lagrangian, a non-geodesic motion of test particles is obtained, which, performing a repulsive force, could, in principle, be connected with Dark Matter and Pioneer anomaly problems.     

Field-driven creep motion of a composite domain wall in a Pt/Co/Pt/Co/Pt multilayer wire

We have studied the field-driven motion of a pair of coupled Bloch domain walls in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Pt/Co/Pt/Co/Pt multilayer Hall bar. The nucleation of an isolated but coincident pair of walls in the two Co layers, observed by Kerr microscopy, took place at an artificial nucleation site created by Ga⁺ ion irradiation. The average velocity v of the wall motion was calculated from time-resolved magnetotransport measurements at fixed driving field H, where the influence of the extraordinary Hall effect leads to the observation of voltages at the longitudinal resistance probes. We observed a good fit to the scaling relation lnv∝H^−1/4, consistent the motion of a single 1-dimensional wall moving in a 2-dimensional disordered medium in the creep regime: the two walls are coupled together into a 1-dimensional composite object.     

Two-dimensional spherical oscillator in a constant magnetic field

We study the equations of motion of a spherical oscillator model suggested by Bellucci and Nersessian, in the presence of a constant magnetic field. This model is shown to be exactly solvable classically in contrast to the Higgs oscillator which is not exactly solvable in magnetic fields.     

Exploring the operation of a tiny heat engine

We model a tiny heat engine as a Brownian particle that moves in a viscous medium in a sawtooth potential (with or without load) assisted by alternately placed hot and cold heat baths along its path. We find closed form expression for the steady-state current as a function of the model parameters. This enables us to deal with the energetics of the model and evaluate either its efficiency or its coefficient of performance depending upon whether the model functions either as a heat engine or as a refrigerator, respectively. We also study the way current changes with changes in parameters of interest. When we plot the phase diagrams showing the way the model operates, we not only find regions where it functions as a heat engine and as a refrigerator but we also identify a region where the model functions as neither of the two.     

利用Mirau显微干涉仪测量微器件的纳米级运动

描述了一种用于微机电系统（MEMS）纳米级微运动测量的Mirau显微干涉系统.该系统利用商业化的Mirau显微干涉仪，它直接安装在光学显微镜上，用于测量一个表面微加工水平谐振器的三维运动.面内运动取决于亮场在最佳焦平面处的图像，而离面运动则取决于频闪得到的干涉图像，该图像在物镜纳米定位器的8个不同位置处得到.实验结果表明了系统进行面内和离面运动测量的纳米级分辨力.     

Rashba spin-orbit coupling effects on a current-induced domain wall motion

A current-induced domain wall motion in magnetic nanowires with a strong structural inversion asymmetry [I.M. Miron, T. Moore, H. Szambolics, L.D. Buda-Prejbeanu, S. Auffret, B. Rodmacq, S. Pizzini, J. Vogel, M. Bonfim, A. Schuhl, G. Gaudin, Nat. Mat. 10 (2011) 419] seems to have novel features such as the domain wall motion along the current direction or the delay of the onset of the Walker breakdown. In such a highly asymmetric system, the Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) may affect a domain wall motion. We studied theoretically the RSOC effects on a domain wall motion and found that the RSOC, indeed, can induce the domain wall motion along the current direction in certain situations. It also delays the Walker breakdown and for a strong RSOC, the Walker breakdown does not occur at all. The RSOC effects are sensitive to the magnetic anisotropy of nanowires and also to the ratio between the Gilbert damping parameter α and the non-adiabaticity parameter β.     

Effects of an oscillating field on a diffusion process in the presence of a trap

Consider a diffusion process on an infinite line terminated by a trap and modulated by a periodic field. When the frequency is equal to zero the mean time to trapping will be finite or infinite, depending on the sign of the field. We ask whether this behavior can be changed by an oscillatory field, and show that it cannot for pure Brownian motion. We suggest that transition can appear when the signal propagation velocity is finite as for the telegrapher's equation. We further suggest that the asymptotic time dependence of the survival probability is proportional tot ^–1/2 just as in the case of ordinary diffusion. The same conclusion is shown to hold for a system whose dynamics is governed by the equation , whereL is a constant.