共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Bernhard Baumgartner 《Foundations of Physics》2014,44(10):1107-1123
A new axiomatic characterization with a minimum of conditions for entropy as a function on the set of states in quantum mechanics is presented. Traditionally unspoken assumptions are unveiled and replaced by proven consequences of the axioms. First the Boltzmann–Planck formula is derived. Building on this formula, using the Law of Large Numbers—a basic theorem of probability theory—the von Neumann formula is deduced. Axioms used in older theories on the foundations are now derived facts. 相似文献
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For weakly non ergodic systems, the probability density function of a time average observable
is
where
is the value of the observable when the system is in state j=1,…L. p
j
eq is the probability that a member of an ensemble of systems occupies state j in equilibrium. For a particle undergoing a fractional diffusion process in a binding force field, with thermal detailed
balance conditions, p
j
eq is Boltzmann’s canonical probability. Within the unbiased sub-diffusive continuous time random walk model, the exponent 0<α<1 is the anomalous diffusion exponent 〈x
2〉∼t
α
found for free boundary conditions. When α→1 ergodic statistical mechanics is recovered
. We briefly discuss possible physical applications in single particle experiments. 相似文献
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R. Podgornik 《Journal of statistical physics》2006,122(2):377-380
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Arto Annila 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(12)
Evolution is customarily perceived as a biological process. However, when formulated in terms of physics, evolution is understood to entail everything. Based on the axiom of everything comprising quanta of actions (e.g., quanta of light), statistical physics describes any system evolving toward thermodynamic balance with its surroundings systems. Fluxes of quanta naturally select those processes leveling out differences in energy as soon as possible. This least-time maxim results in ubiquitous patterns (i.e., power laws, approximating sigmoidal cumulative curves of skewed distributions, oscillations, and even the regularity of chaos). While the equation of evolution can be written exactly, it cannot be solved exactly. Variables are inseparable since motions consume driving forces that affect motions (and so on). Thus, evolution is inherently a non-deterministic process. Yet, the future is not all arbitrary but teleological, the final cause being the least-time free energy consumption itself. Eventually, trajectories are computable when the system has evolved into a state of balance where free energy is used up altogether. 相似文献
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《Journal of statistical physics》1993,71(5-6):1237-1238
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《Journal of statistical physics》1986,45(5-6):1123-1124
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《Journal of statistical physics》1992,67(5-6):1223-1224
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《Journal of statistical physics》1988,50(3-4):851-852
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Articles
Future contributions toJournal of Statistical Physics 相似文献14.
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《Journal of statistical physics》1991,62(5-6):1271-1272
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