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1.
In terms of differential generators and differential relations for a finitely generated commutative- associative differential C-algebra A (with a unit element) we study and determine necessary and sufficient conditions for the fact that under any Taylor homomorphism \(\widetilde \psi \)M: A → C[[z]] the transcendence degree of the image \(\widetilde \psi \)M(A) over C does not exceed 1 \(\left( {\widetilde \psi M{{\left( a \right)}^{\underline{\underline {def}} }}\sum\limits_{m = 0}^\infty {\psi M\left( {{a^{\left( m \right)}}} \right)} } \right)\frac{{{z^m}}}{{m!}}\), where aA, M ∈ SpecCA is a maximal ideal in A, a(m) is the result of m-fold application of the signature derivation of the element a, and ψM is the canonic epimorphism AA/M).  相似文献   

2.
We consider the following two problems. Problem 1: what conditions on a sequence of finite subsets A k ? ? and a sequence of functions λ k : A k → ? provide the existence of a number C such that any function fL 1 satisfies the inequality ‖U A(f)‖ p Cf1 and what is the exact constant in this inequality? Here, \(U_{\mathcal{A},\Lambda } \left( f \right)\left( x \right) = \sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^\infty {\left| {\sum\nolimits_{m \in A_k } {\lambda _k \left( m \right)c_m \left( f \right)e^{imx} } } \right|}\) and c m (f) are Fourier coefficients of the function fL 1. Problem 2: what conditions on a sequence of finite subsets A k ? ? guarantee that the function \(\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^\infty {\left| {\sum\nolimits_{m \in A_k } {c_m \left( h \right)e^{imx} } } \right|}\) belongs to L p for every function h of bounded variation?  相似文献   

3.
We study the well-posedness of the third-order degenerate differential equation \(\left( {{P_3}} \right):\alpha {\left( {Mu} \right)^{\prime \prime \prime }}\left( t \right) + {\left( {Mu} \right)^{\prime \prime }}\left( t \right) = \beta Au\left( t \right) + f\left( t \right)\), (t ∈ [0, 2p]) with periodic boundary conditions \(Mu\left( 0 \right) = Mu\left( {2\pi } \right),\;Mu'\left( 0 \right) = Mu'\left( {2\pi } \right),\;Mu''\left( 0 \right) = Mu''\left( {2\pi } \right)\), in periodic Lebesgue–Bochner spaces Lp(T,X), periodic Besov spaces Bp,qs(T,X) and periodic Triebel–Lizorkin spaces Fp,qs(T,X), where A, B and M are closed linear operators on a Banach space X satisfying D(A) \( \cap \)D(B) ? D(M) and α, β, γ ∈ R. Using known operator-valued Fourier multiplier theorems, we completely characterize the well-posedness of (P3) in the above three function spaces.  相似文献   

4.
Let m ≥ 2, the numbers p 1,…, p m ∈ (1, +∞] satisfy the inequality \(\frac{1}{{{p_1}}} + ...\frac{1}{{{p_m}}} < 1\), and γ1 ∈ L p1(?1), …, γ m \({L^{{p_m}}}\)(?1). We prove that, if the set of “resonance” points of each of these functions is nonempty and the “nonresonance” condition holds (both concepts have been introduced by the author for functions of spaces L p (?1), p ∈ (1, +∞]), we have the inequality \(\mathop {\sup }\limits_{a,b \in {R^1}} \left| {\int\limits_a^b {\prod\limits_{k = 1}^m {\left[ {{\gamma _k}\left( \tau \right) + \Delta {\gamma _k}\left( \tau \right)} \right]} d\tau } } \right| \leqslant C{\prod\limits_{k = 1}^m {\left\| {{\gamma _k} + \Delta {\gamma _k}} \right\|} _{L_{{a_k}}^{{p_k}}}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right)\), where the constant C > 0 is independent of functions \(\Delta {\gamma _k} \in L_{{a_k}}^{{p_k}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right)\) and \(L_{{a_k}}^{{p_k}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right) \subset {L^{{p_k}}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right)\), 1 ≤ km are some specially constructed normed spaces. In addition, we give a boundedness condition for the integral of the product of functions over a subset of ?1.  相似文献   

5.
Following an idea of Lin, we prove that if A and B are two positive operators such that 0 mI ≤ A ≤m'I≤ M'I ≤ B ≤ MI, then Φ~2(A+B/2)≤K~2(h)/(1+(logM'/m'/g))~2Φ~2(A≠B) and Φ~2(A+B/2)≤K~2(h)/(1+(logM'/m'/g))~2(Φ(A)≠Φ(B))~2 where K(h)=(h+1)~2/4 and h = M/m and Φ is a positive unital linear map.  相似文献   

6.
In this paper, we consider the two-dimensional Hausdorff operators on the power weighted Hardy space H_(|x|α)~1(R~2) ( -1 ≤α≤0), defined by H_(Φ,A)f(x)=∫R~2Φ(u)f(A(u)x)du,where Φ∈L_loc~1(R~2),A(u) = (α_(ij)(u))_(i,j=1)~2 is a 2×2 matrix, and each α_(i,j) is a measurablefunction.We obtain that HΦ,A is bounded from H_(|x|~α)~1(R~2) ( -1≤α≤0) to itself, if∫R2|Φ(u)‖det A~(-1)(u)|‖A(u)‖~(-α)ln(1+‖A~(-1)(u)‖~2/|det A~(-1)(u)|)du∞.This result improves some known theorems, and in some sense it is sharp.  相似文献   

7.
Suppose that m ≥ 2, numbers p 1, …, p m ∈ (1, +∞] satisfy the inequality \(\frac{1}{{{p_1}}} + \cdots + \frac{1}{{{p_m}}} < 1\), and functions \({\gamma _1} \in {L^{{p_1}}}\left( {{?^1}} \right), \cdots ,{\gamma _m} \in {L^{{p_m}}}\left( {{?^1}} \right)\) are given. It is proved that if the set of “resonance” points of each of these functions is nonempty and the “nonresonance” condition holds (both notions were defined by the author for functions in L p (?1), p ∈ (1, +∞]), then \(\mathop {\sup }\limits_{a,b \in {R^1}} \left| {\mathop \smallint \limits_a^b \prod\limits_{k = 1}^m {[{\gamma _k}\left( \tau \right) + \Delta {\gamma _k}\left( \tau \right)]} d\tau } \right| \leqslant C\prod\limits_{k = 1}^m {{{\left\| {{\gamma _k} + \Delta {\gamma _k}} \right\|}_{L_{ak}^{pk}\left( {{R^1}} \right)}}} \) where the constant C > 0 is independent of the functions \(\Delta {\gamma _k} \in L_{ak}^{pk}\left( {{?^1}} \right)\) and \(L_{ak}^{pk}\left( {{?^1}} \right) \subset {L^{pk}}\left( {{?^1}} \right)\), 1 ≤ km, are special normed spaces. A condition for the integral over ?1 of a product of functions to be bounded is also given.  相似文献   

8.
The Berezin symbol à of an operator A acting on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space H = H(Ω) over some (nonempty) set is defined by \(\tilde A(\lambda ) = \left\langle {A\hat k_\lambda ,\hat k_\lambda } \right\rangle \), λ ∈ Ω, where \(\hat k_\lambda = k_\lambda /\left\| {k_\lambda } \right\|\) is the normalized reproducing kernel of H. The Berezin number of the operator A is defined by \(ber(A) = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{\lambda \in \Omega } \left| {\tilde A(\lambda )} \right| = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{\lambda \in \Omega } \left| {\left\langle {A\hat k_\lambda ,\hat k_\lambda } \right\rangle } \right|\). Moreover, ber(A) ? w(A) (numerical radius). We present some Berezin number inequalities. Among other inequalities, it is shown that if \(T = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} A & B \\ C & D \\ \end{array} } \right] \in \mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H}(\Omega _1 ) \oplus \mathcal{H}(\Omega _2 ))\), then
$$ber(T) \leqslant \frac{1}{2}(ber(A) + ber(D)) + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {(ber(A) - ber(D))^2 + \left( {\left\| B \right\| + \left\| C \right\|} \right)^2 } .$$
  相似文献   

9.
The authors study the following Dirichlet problem of a system involving fractional (p, q)-Laplacian operators:
$$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\left( { - \Delta } \right)_p^su = \lambda a\left( x \right){{\left| u \right|}^{p - 2}}u + \lambda b\left( x \right){{\left| u \right|}^{\alpha - 2}}{{\left| v \right|}^\beta }u + \frac{{\mu \left( x \right)}}{{\alpha \delta }}{{\left| u \right|}^{\gamma - 2}}{{\left| v \right|}^\delta }uin\Omega ,} \\ {\left( { - \Delta } \right)_q^sv = \lambda c\left( x \right){{\left| v \right|}^{q - 2}}v + \lambda b\left( x \right){{\left| u \right|}^\alpha }{{\left| v \right|}^{\beta - 2}}v + \frac{{\mu \left( x \right)}}{{\beta \gamma }}{{\left| u \right|}^\gamma }{{\left| v \right|}^{\delta - 2}}vin\Omega ,} \\ {u = v = 0on{\mathbb{R}^N}\backslash \Omega ,} \end{array}} \right.$$
where λ > 0 is a real parameter, Ω is a bounded domain in R N , with boundary ?Ω Lipschitz continuous, s ∈ (0, 1), 1 < pq < ∞, sq < N, while (?Δ) p s u is the fractional p-Laplacian operator of u and, similarly, (?Δ) q s v is the fractional q-Laplacian operator of v. Since possibly pq, the classical definitions of the Nehari manifold for systems and of the Fibering mapping are not suitable. In this paper, the authors modify these definitions to solve the Dirichlet problem above. Then, by virtue of the properties of the first eigenvalue λ1 for a related system, they prove that there exists a positive solution for the problem when λ < λ1 by the modified definitions. Moreover, the authors obtain the bifurcation property when λ → λ1-. Finally, thanks to the Picone identity, a nonexistence result is also obtained when λ ≥ λ1.
  相似文献   

10.
This paper concerns with the existence of solutions for the following fractional Kirchhoff problem with critical nonlinearity:
$${\left( {\int {\int {_{{\mathbb{R}^{2N}}}\frac{{{{\left| {u\left( x \right) - u\left( y \right)} \right|}^2}}}{{{{\left| {x - y} \right|}^{N + 2s}}}}dxdy} } } \right)^{\theta - 1}}{\left( { - \Delta } \right)^s}u = \lambda h\left( x \right){u^{p - 1}} + {u^{2_s^* - 1}} in {\mathbb{R}^N},$$
where (?Δ) s is the fractional Laplacian operator with 0 < s < 1, 2 s * = 2N/(N ? 2s), N > 2s, p ∈ (1, 2 s *), θ ∈ [1, 2 s */2), h is a nonnegative function and λ a real positive parameter. Using the Ekeland variational principle and the mountain pass theorem, we obtain the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the above problem for suitable parameter λ > 0. Furthermore, under some appropriate assumptions, our result can be extended to the setting of a class of nonlocal integro-differential equations. The remarkable feature of this paper is the fact that the coefficient of fractional Laplace operator could be zero at zero, which implies that the above Kirchhoff problem is degenerate. Hence our results are new even in the Laplacian case.
  相似文献   

11.
For two subsets of natural numbers \( A,B \subset \mathbb{N} \), define the set of rational numbers \( \mathcal{M}\left( {A,B} \right) \) with the elements represented by m/n, where m and n are coprime, m is divisible by some aA, and n is divisible by some bB. Let I be some interval of positive real numbers and \( \mathcal{F}_x^I \) denote the set of rational numbers m/nI such that m and n are coprime and n ? x. The analogue to the Erdös–Davenport theorem about multiples is proved: under some constraints on I, the limits \( {{{\sum {\left\{ {\frac{1}{{mn}}:\frac{m}{n} \in \mathcal{F}_x^I \cap \mathcal{M}\left( {A,B} \right)} \right\}} }} \left/ {{\sum {\left\{ {\frac{1}{{mn}}:\frac{m}{n} \in \mathcal{F}_x^I} \right\}} }} \right.} \) exist for all subsets \( A,B \subset \mathbb{N} \) as x → ∞.  相似文献   

12.
For the number n s , β; X) of points (x 1 , x 2) in the two-dimensional Fibonacci quasilattices \( \mathcal{F}_m^2 \) of level m?=?0, 1, 2,… lying on the hyperbola x 1 2 ? ??αx 2 2 ?=?β and such that 0?≤?x 1? ≤?X, x 2? ?0, the asymptotic formula
$ {n_s}\left( {\alpha, \beta; X} \right)\sim {c_s}\left( {\alpha, \beta } \right)\ln X\,\,\,\,{\text{as}}\,\,\,\,X \to \infty $
is established, and the coefficient c s (α, β) is calculated exactly. Using this, we obtain the following result. Let F m be the Fibonacci numbers, A i \( \mathbb{N} \), i?=?1, 2, and let \( \overleftarrow {{A_i}} \) be the shift of A i in the Fibonacci numeral system. Then the number n s (X) of all solutions (A 1 , A 2) of the Diophantine system
$ \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {A_1^2 + \overleftarrow {A_1^2} - 2{A_2}{{\overleftarrow A }_2} + \overleftarrow {A_2^2} = {F_{2s}},} \\ {\overleftarrow {A_1^2} - 2{A_1}{{\overleftarrow A }_1} + A_2^2 - 2{A_2}{{\overleftarrow A }_2} + 2\overleftarrow {A_2^2} = {F_{2s - 1}},} \\ \end{array} } \right. $
0?≤?A 1? ≤?X, A 2? ?0, satisfies the asymptotic formula
$ {n_s}(X)\sim \frac{{{c_s}}}{{{\text{ar}}\cosh \left( {{{1} \left/ {\tau } \right.}} \right)}}\ln X\,\,\,\,{\text{as}}\,\,\,\,X \to \infty . $
Here τ?=?(?1?+?5)/2 is the golden ratio, and c s ?=?1/2 or 1 for s?=?0 or s?≥?1, respectively.
  相似文献   

13.
We consider a complex symmetric sequence space E that possesses the Fatou property and is different from l2. We prove that, for every surjective linear isometry V on E, there exist λ n ∈ ? with |λ n | = 1 and a bijective mapping π on the set ? of natural numbers such that
$$V\left( {\left\{ {\xi _n } \right\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}} } \right) = \left\{ {\lambda _n \xi _{\pi (n)} } \right\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$$
for every {ξ n {n∈?E.
  相似文献   

14.
In this paper, characterizations of the embeddings between weighted Copson function spaces \(Co{p_{{p_1},{q_1}}}\left( {{u_1},{v_1}} \right)\) and weighted Cesàro function spaces \(Ce{s_{{p_2},{q_2}}}\left( {{u_2},{v_2}} \right)\) are given. In particular, two-sided estimates of the optimal constant c in the inequality
$${\left( {\int_0^\infty {{{\left( {\int_0^t {f{{\left( \tau \right)}^{{p_2}}}{v_2}\left( \tau \right)d\tau } } \right)}^{{q_2}/{p_2}}}{u_2}\left( t \right)dt} } \right)^{1/{q_2}}} \leqslant c{\left( {\int_0^\infty {{{\left( {\int_t^\infty {f{{\left( \tau \right)}^{{p_1}}}{v_1}\left( \tau \right)d\tau } } \right)}^{{q_1}/{p_1}}}{u_1}\left( t \right)dt} } \right)^{1/{q_1}}},$$
where p1, p2, q1, q2 ∈ (0,∞), p2q2 and u1, u2, v1, v2 are weights on (0,∞), are obtained. The most innovative part consists of the fact that possibly different parameters p1 and p2 and possibly different inner weights v1 and v2 are allowed. The proof is based on the combination of duality techniques with estimates of optimal constants of the embeddings between weighted Cesàro and Copson spaces and weighted Lebesgue spaces, which reduce the problem to the solutions of iterated Hardy-type inequalities.
  相似文献   

15.
We discuss three interrelated extremal problems on the set P n,m of algebraic polynomials of a given degree n on the unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{m - 1}\) of the Euclidean space ? m of dimension m ≥ 2. (1) Find the norm of the functional \(F\left( \eta \right) = F_h P_n = \int_{\mathbb{G}\left( \eta \right)} {P_n (x)dx}\), which is the integral over the spherical layer \(\mathbb{G}\left( \eta \right) = \left\{ {x = \left( {x_1 , \ldots ,x_m } \right) \in \mathbb{S}^{m - 1} :h' \leqslant x_m \leqslant h''} \right\}\) defined by a pair of real numbers η = (h′, h″), ?1 ≤ h′ < h″ ≤ 1, on the set P n,m with the norm of the space \(L\left( {\mathbb{S}^{m - 1} } \right)\) of functions summable on the sphere. (2) Find the best approximation in \(L_\infty \left( {\mathbb{S}^{m - 1} } \right)\) of the characteristic function χ η of the layer \(\mathbb{G}\left( \eta \right)\) by the subspace P n,m of functions from \(L_\infty \left( {\mathbb{S}^{m - 1} } \right)\) that are orthogonal to the space of polynomials P n,m . (3) Find the best approximation in the space \(L\left( {\mathbb{S}^{m - 1} } \right)\) of the function χ η by the space of polynomials P n,m . We present a solution of all three problems for the values h′ and h″ that are neighboring roots of the polynomial in a single variable of degree n + 1 that deviates least from zero in the space L 1 φ (?1, 1) of functions summable on the interval (?1, 1) with ultraspherical weight φ(t) = (1 ? t 2) α , α = (m ? 3)/2. We study the respective one-dimensional problems in the space of functions summable on (?1, 1) with an arbitrary not necessarily ultraspherical weight.  相似文献   

16.
We study the nonexistence of weak solutions of higher-order elliptic and parabolic inequalities of the following types: \(\sum {_{i = 1}^N\sum\nolimits_{{e_i} \leqslant {\alpha _i} \leqslant {m_i}} {D_{{x_i}}^{{\alpha _i}}\left( {{A_{{\alpha _i}}}\left( {x,u} \right)} \right)} \geqslant f\left( {x,u} \right),} x \in {\mathbb{R}^N}\), and \({u_t} + \sum {_{i = 1}^N\sum\nolimits_{{k_i} \leqslant {\beta _i} \leqslant {n_i}} {D_{{x_i}}^{{\beta _i}}\left( {{B_{{\beta _i}}}\left( {x,t,u} \right)} \right)} > g\left( {x,t,u} \right),\left( {x,t} \right)} \in {\mathbb{R}^N} \times {\mathbb{R}_ + }\), where l i , m i , k i , n i ∈ N satisfy the condition l i , k i > 1 for all i = 1,..., N, and A αi (x, u), B βi (x, t, u), f(x, u), and g(x, t, u) are some given Carathéodory functions. Under appropriate conditions on the functions A αi , B βi , f, and g, we prove theorems on the nonexistence of solutions of these inequalities.  相似文献   

17.
We prove that for every n ∈ ? there exists a metric space (X, d X), an n-point subset S ? X, a Banach space (Z, \({\left\| \right\|_Z}\)) and a 1-Lipschitz function f: SZ such that the Lipschitz constant of every function F: XZ that extends f is at least a constant multiple of \(\sqrt {\log n} \). This improves a bound of Johnson and Lindenstrauss [JL84]. We also obtain the following quantitative counterpart to a classical extension theorem of Minty [Min70]. For every α ∈ (1/2, 1] and n ∈ ? there exists a metric space (X, d X), an n-point subset S ? X and a function f: S → ?2 that is α-Hölder with constant 1, yet the α-Hölder constant of any F: X → ?2 that extends f satisfies \({\left\| F \right\|_{Lip\left( \alpha \right)}} > {\left( {\log n} \right)^{\frac{{2\alpha - 1}}{{4\alpha }}}} + {\left( {\frac{{\log n}}{{\log \log n}}} \right)^{{\alpha ^2} - \frac{1}{2}}}\). We formulate a conjecture whose positive solution would strengthen Ball’s nonlinear Maurey extension theorem [Bal92], serving as a far-reaching nonlinear version of a theorem of König, Retherford and Tomczak-Jaegermann [KRTJ80]. We explain how this conjecture would imply as special cases answers to longstanding open questions of Johnson and Lindenstrauss [JL84] and Kalton [Kal04].  相似文献   

18.
Let L2 be the space of 2π-periodic square-summable functions and E(f, X)2 be the best approximation of f by the space X in L2. For n ∈ ? and BL2, let \({{\Bbb S}_{B,n}}\) be the space of functions s of the form \(s\left( x \right) = \sum\limits_{j = 0}^{2n - 1} {{\beta _j}B\left( {x - \frac{{j\pi }}{n}} \right)} \). This paper describes all spaces \({{\Bbb S}_{B,n}}\) that satisfy the exact inequality \(E{\left( {f,{S_{B,n}}} \right)_2} \leqslant \frac{1}{{^{{n^r}}}}\parallel {f^{\left( r \right)}}{\parallel _2}\). (2n–1)-dimensional subspaces fulfilling the same estimate are specified. Well-known inequalities are for approximation by trigonometric polynomials and splines obtained as special cases.  相似文献   

19.
The function \(\psi : = \sum\nolimits_{n \in \mathbb{Z}\backslash \left\{ 0 \right\}} {{{e^{\pi i\left( {tn^2 + 2xn} \right)} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{e^{\pi i\left( {tn^2 + 2xn} \right)} } {\left( {\pi in^2 } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {\pi in^2 } \right)}}} \), {t, x} ?2, is studied as a (generalized) solution of the Cauchy initial value problem for the Schrödinger equation. The real part of the restriction of ψ on the line x = 0, that is, the function \(R: = Re\psi \left| {_{x = 0} = \tfrac{2}{n}} \right.\sum\nolimits_{n \in \mathbb{N}} {\frac{{\sin \pi n^2 t}}{{n^2 }}} \), t ∈ ?, was suggested by B. Riemann as a plausible example of a continuous but nowhere differentiable function. The points are established on ?2 where the partial derivative \(\frac{{\partial \psi }}{{\partial t}}\) exists and equals ?1. These points constitute a countable set of open intervals parallel to the x-axis, with rational values of t. Thereby a natural extension of the well-known results of G.H. Hardy and J. Gerver is obtained (Gerver established that the derivative of the function R still does exist and equals ?1 at each rational point of the type \(t = \frac{a}{q}\) where both numbers a and q are odd). A basic role is played by a representation of the differences of the function ψ via Poisson’s summation formula and the oscillatory Fresnel integral. It is also proved that the number 3 4 is the sharp value of the Lipschitz-Hölder exponent of the function ψ in the variable t almost everywhere on ?2.  相似文献   

20.
Suppose that m ≥ 2, and numbers p1, …, p m ∈ (1, +∞] satisfy the inequality 1/p1+…+1/p m < 1, and functions \({\gamma _1} \in {L^{{p_1}}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right),...,{\gamma _m} \in {L^{{p_m}}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right)\) are given. It is proven that, if the set of resonance points of each of these functions is nonempty and the so-called resonance condition holds, there will always exist arbitrarily small (in norm) perturbations \(\Delta {\gamma _k} \in {L^{{p_k}}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right)\) under which the set of resonance points of the function γk + Δγk coincides with that of the function γ k for 1 ≤ km, but in this case, \({\left\| {\int\limits_0^t {\prod\limits_{k = 1}^m {[{\gamma _k}\left( \tau \right) + \Delta {\gamma _k}\left( \tau \right)]d\tau } } } \right\|_{{L^\infty }\left( {{\mathbb{R}^1}} \right)}} = \infty\) The notion of a resonance point and the resonance condition for the functions of the spaces L p (R1), p ∈ (1, +∞], were introduced by the author in his previous papers.  相似文献   

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