Kr喷气箍缩等离子体的数值研究

 探讨了Z箍缩等离子体辐射磁流体模拟二维三温物理模型及其数值计算方法，针对“强光一号”加速器上Kr喷气实验的具体条件，利用辐射磁流体力学程序Z-pinch 2D-DG模拟了Kr喷气等离子体聚爆过程，分析了X射线辐射的特点，给出了等离子体密度和温度的演化图像以及喷气箍缩中一些带有普遍性的结论。     

用逆磁探圈对场反向角收缩等离子体的研究

场反向角收缩位形是一种在直管中产生的紧凑环位形.该类装置结构简单,较易获得高温高密度等离子体,近年来已成功地抑制了导致等离子体毁灭的n=2旋转不稳定性,引起了人们极大的兴趣. 在场反向角收缩实验中,广泛地使用着逆磁探圈.它结构简单,对等离子体无扰动,从测得的递磁信号可得到等离子体的一些基本参数和几何尺寸,以及等离子体的运动和不稳定性等许多信息. 在FRP-1装置上,用逆磁探圈观测了爆聚过程前后逆磁信号随时间的演变,得到等离子体电流层的形成时间、场反向时间、爆聚时间、线密度、排磁通半径以及等离子体密度、温度等基本参数,…     

平行面多金属钨丝Z箍缩实验研究

 利用“阳”加速器对平行面多金属钨丝（直径17 μm，丝间距1 mm，丝数3根或5根）负载进行了Z箍缩聚爆实验研究。在峰值为350 kA,上升沿约80 ns的电流作用下，使用针孔成像技术和X射线诊断技术，获得多钨丝等离子体融合图像及相应的软X射线辐射信号。对金属丝聚爆过程中负载电流变化对实验影响进行了分析，并探讨了引起聚爆过程中的等离子体柱腊肠型不稳定性、扭曲型不稳定性和“热点”及其周围弥散斑等现象的原因。     

激光核聚变研究中对靶丸进行X射线针孔照相

在激光核聚变研究中,利用靶丸等离子体所产生的X射线,对靶丸进行针孔照相,以观察等离子体密度ρ、温度T的分布。并可测量出等离子体的爆聚压缩度,以及提供在爆聚过程中流体力学状态的直观积分图象.同时可以用在多路激光束打靶的物理实验中,对各路光束作用在靶丸表面的时间同步性和空间对称性进行监察. 一、原理和方法 在激光加热等离子体的惯性约束过程中,靶丸单位体积韧致辐射的能量E为其中p是单位体积轫致辐射功率,t是惯性约束时间,ni是平均离子密度,ne是平均电子密度,T是等离子体温度,Z是原子序数. 以上是按经典轫致辐射理论所作的估计…     

Z箍缩装置的单色背光成像

 基于晶体布拉格衍射理论,搭建了X射线背光成像系统,核心色散元件为α-石英球面弯曲晶体。在中国工程物理研究院流体物体研究所“阳”加速器上进行了单色X射线背光成像实验,背光源为箍缩负载Al丝阵聚爆产生的激光等离子体X射线,成像物体为厚度100 μm的不锈钢网格阵列,接收装置得到Al丝阵聚爆的等离子体X射线2维分辨的空间单色成像,其空间分辨力为75 μm。目前实验中采用Al膜作为滤片,对Al的类He跃迁辐射线系都有吸收,得到的背光成像信噪比较小。     

表面绝缘混合平面丝阵Z箍缩激光阴影图像诊断

基于脉冲半高全宽约为9 ns、波长为532 nm的Nd:YAG激光器,采用条纹相机和商用数码相机两种记录设备,建立了时间分辨和时间积分两种模式的激光阴影图像诊断系统,在"强光一号"装置上对表面绝缘混合平面丝阵Z箍缩等离子体开展了实验研究.实验结果表明:在融蚀过程中表面绝缘金属丝冕等离子体发展较普通金属丝慢,在t=44ns到t=56ns之间,其平均膨胀速度分别为1.1×104m·s-1和1.7×104m·s-1;在等离子体滞止前10 ns的快速聚爆过程中,表面绝缘金属丝和普通金属丝两侧的平均聚爆速度分别为5.5×105m·s-1和9.3×105m·s-1,表面绝缘一侧等离子体滞止时间小于普通金属丝一侧,分别为5.9 ns和9.5 ns;等离子体碰撞分界线偏向于表面绝缘一侧,滞止时形成的磁流体不稳定性结构类似.     

强光一号Z箍缩实验研究

 在强光一号装置驱动电流峰值1.4~2.1 MA、上升时间80~100 ns条件下,研究了喷Kr气、喷Ne气、W丝阵和Al丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体的辐射特性和聚爆过程。实验研究中,用分压器和两个罗戈夫斯基线圈分别测量二极管的电压和流过负载的电流波形,用过滤型X射线二极管和100~1 400 eV平能谱响应闪烁探测器测量X射线时间谱,用镍薄膜量热计测量X射线总能量,用纳秒时间分辨软X射线图像诊断系统记录了Z箍缩的聚爆过程,用时空分辨的椭圆弯晶谱仪诊断了Z箍缩等离子体产生的keV级特征X射线的能谱分布。其中,喷Kr气负载的X射线辐射总能量大于60 kJ,峰值功率约1.7 TW,总能量转换效率可达23%;W丝阵负载的辐射总能量大于30 kJ,峰值功率约1.30 TW,总能量转换效率约为12.5%;喷Ne气负载的keV级辐射总能量5.6 kJ,峰值功率约256 GW,能量转换效率可达2%; Al丝阵负载的keV级辐射总能量2.3 kJ,峰值功率约94 GW,能量转换效率可达0.8%。喷气负载在Z箍缩聚爆过程中存在“拉链”现象,丝阵负载在Z箍缩聚爆过程中存在先驱现象。     

基于单丝行为的平面型丝阵Z箍缩模拟

平面型丝阵负载是近年来Z箍缩实验中研究较多的一种非圆柱型丝阵负载.基于平面型丝阵中单丝的静磁场分析并结合单丝的径向运动方程,计算获得了聚爆过程中负载电流在每根丝上分配、每根丝所受磁场力、丝阵负载区磁场分布、负载总电感及聚爆过程中负载动能变化等规律.模拟计算了平面型丝阵负载Z箍缩聚爆轨迹及聚爆时间,并与"强光一号"加速器上进行的平面型丝阵实验结果进行了对比.结果表明,基于单丝行为的模拟误差约为10%,可较为准确地获得平面型丝阵负载聚爆时间.计算结果有助于深入理解平面型丝阵负载Z箍缩物理过程,同时该模型可用于平面型丝阵负载参数设计.     

“强光一号”单排平面型铝丝阵Z箍缩实验研究

利用"强光一号"装置开展了排宽度6~24 mm、丝根数10~34、不同参数的单排平面型铝丝阵Z箍缩实验研究,重点研究了不同负载参数下平面型丝阵Z箍缩内爆、辐射特性随负载参数的变化规律。结果表明:平面型丝阵负载内爆过程存在先驱等离子体柱、拖尾质量等,并伴随着R-T不稳定性;在滞止后期等离子体箍缩柱受扭曲不稳定性影响明显;不同参数负载聚爆时间取决于线质量与排宽度平方的乘积值;以辐射能衡量的最优化值应位于200~400μg·cm之间,在相同值下丝间距应选择在1 mm以下为宜。实验获得的平面型铝丝阵最大X射线辐射能量22 kJ,峰值功率630 GW,最大K层辐射能量3.9 kJ,K层辐射功率158 GW。     

消融等离子体对金属丝阵Z箍缩内爆动力学的影响

结合火箭模型和雪耙模型,建立了完整自洽的丝阵Z箍缩消融-内爆模型,分析了消融等离子体对丝阵Z箍缩内爆动力学的影响,得到了比零维薄壳模型合理的内爆轨迹。在考虑消融等离子体向轴运动的情况下,计算了丝阵Z箍缩的内爆时间、内爆速度和动能,并且与零维薄壳模型进行了对比。结果表明,考虑消融等离子体运动得到的内爆动能低于零维薄壳模型计算结果,其内爆动能最大值所对应的负载线质量也低于薄壳模型。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.