Effect of Rehabilitation Nutrition Care Process on Physical Function in Lung Cancer Cachexia: A Case Report

Objectives: Patients with cancer cachexia have poor adherence to treatment, which affects their prognosis. Currently, there are many studies on the effects of rehabilitation on cancer cachexia, but there is a lack of evidence on the effects of nutrition therapy alone or in combination with rehabilitation and nutrition therapy. This article describes a case in which rehabilitation nutrition care process was effective in a patient with lung cancer who developed cancer cachexia. Methods: A 68-year-old woman was hospitalized for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. The patient had moderate malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia at the time of admission, so the authors intervened according to rehabilitation nutrition care process. The physiotherapist mainly prescribed resistance training and aerobic exercise, 40-60 minutes a day, 5-6 days a week. And the dietitian provided oral nutritional supplements (100 kcal, branched-chain amino acid: 3.0 g) in addition to hospital food and adjusted the patient''s energy intake to 26.96-33.05 kcal/kg/day and protein intake to 1.07-1.14 g/kg/day. Outcomes: Comparing the initial evaluation with the discharge, nutritional status, such as body mass index and skeletal muscle mass, and physical functions, such as maximum grip strength, gait speed, and functional independence measure (motor items), were improved. Conclusions: Rehabilitation nutrition care process-based interventions may improve nutritional status and physical functions more than exercise therapy alone in patients with lung cancer cachexia.     

Voice Quality in Laryngeal Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study of the Effect of Voice Rehabilitation

ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of voice rehabilitation in patients treated with radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer as measured by both the acoustic measure smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and perceptual measures. A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between acoustic and perceptual measures.MethodsIn total, 37 patients received voice rehabilitation post-radiotherapy and 37 patients constituted the irradiated control group. Outcome measures were mean CPPS for connected speech and ratings with the auditory-perceptual Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia and Strain (GRBAS) scale. Outcome measures were analyzed 1 (baseline), 6, 12, and 24 months post-radiotherapy, where voice rehabilitation was conducted between the first two time-points. Additional recordings were acquired from vocally healthy participants for comparison.ResultsCPPS values of the voice rehabilitation group and vocally healthy group were not significantly different at 24 months post-radiotherapy. Ten out of 19 patients who received voice rehabilitation yielded a CPPS value above the threshold for normal voice 24 months post-radiotherapy, compared to 11 out of 26 in the irradiated control group. No statistically significant correlations were found between CPPS and perceptual parameters of GRBAS.ConclusionVoice rehabilitation for irradiated laryngeal cancer patients may have positive effects on voice quality up to 24 months post-radiotherapy. The relationship between CPPS and GRBAS as well as the applicability of CPPS for evaluation over several points of measurement needs to be studied further.     

Change in motor cortex activation for muscle release by motor learning

For central nervous system disorders'' rehabilitation, it is important to accurately understand motor control and implement an appropriate motor learning process to induce neuroplastic changes. The neurophysiological studies have revealed that neural control mechanisms are crucial during both the onset of muscular activities and muscle release after contraction. When performing various movements during daily activities, muscle relaxation control enables precise force output and timing control. Moreover, surround inhibition is a functional mechanism in the motor system. Surround inhibition of the motor system may be involved in the selective execution of desired movements. This review demonstrates cortical excitability resulting from motor learning, movement control mechanisms including muscle relaxation and the suppression of nontarget muscle groups, and the voluntary drive''s importance that is required for movement.     

Spin transition in iron(II) complexes induced by heat,pressure, light,and nuclear decay

The phenomenon of temperature-dependent spin transition will be introduced and the numerous chemical and physical influences affecting the spin transition characteristics will be discussed. We shall mainly concentrate on the spin crossover system [Fe(2-pic)₃]X₂·Sol (2-pic=2-aminomethylpyridine; X=Cl, Br; Sol=C₂H₅OH, CH₃OH) and demonstrate how the behaviour of the spin transition⁵T_2g(O_h)?¹A_1g(O_h) is influenced by substituting the metalion, the non-coordinating anions X, the crystal solvent molecules Sol and by isotopic exchange with H/D and¹⁴N/¹⁵N. It will also be shown that the spin transition is very susceptible to pressure. A quantitative spin state conversion from low spin to high spin can also be achieved by illuminating the crystals of a spin crossover system at sufficiently low temperatures. The metastable quintet state can be trapped with practically infinite lifetimes. Several examples for this “Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping” (LIESST) will be given. Finally, the occurrence of short-lived anomalous spin quintet states following the⁵⁷Co(EC)⁵⁷Fe nuclear decay, which have been observed in the Mössbauer emission spectra of⁵⁷Co-doped complex compounds, will be discussed with particular references to the LIESST effect.     

Determination of the health hazards due to background radiation sources in the city of Adapazari,Northwestern Turkey

Human body is exposed to ionising radiations both internally and externally by mainly high-energy cosmic ray particles incident on the earth's atmosphere and radioactive nuclides that originated in the earth's crust. The main objective of this study is to assess the health hazards due to environmental radiation sources in the city of Adapazari, one of the most important industrial cities of the country, Northwestern Turkey. For this purpose, natural radiation sources, external terrestrial radiations, cosmic radiations, and inhalation exposures have been investigated. The annual average external terrestrial radiation doses were determined as 0.08 and 0.35 mSv at outdoor and indoor atmospheres, respectively. The annual average cosmic radiation doses were found to be 0.08 and 0.05 mSv for directly ionising photon components and neutron components, respectively. The annual average inhalation exposure doses due to radon and thoron were obtained as 1.42 and 0.19 mSv, respectively, in the region. The annual average effective dose due to natural radiation sources was determined as a total of 2.35 mSv with the predetermined ingestion radiation dose. The lifetime cancer risk due to the background ionising radiations has been determined as 0.9×10^?2 for the residents of the Adapazari city, with the average lifespan of 70 years. The results of the effective doses due to background radiation sources in the region and the worldwide averages were discussed.     

Electromyography Activity of Vastus Medialis Obliquus and Vastus Lateralis Muscles During Lower Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Patterns in Individuals with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Objective: Exercise therapy to strengthen quadriceps muscle is recommended in rehabilitation program for people with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). This study aimed to investigate the electromyography (EMG) activity of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and VMO/VL ratio during PNF in individuals with and without PFPS. Methods: 26 persons with PFPS and 26 healthy subjects participated to study. All subjects performed PNF patterns (Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation (D₁FL), Extension-Adduction-External Rotation (D₂EX), D₁FL+ load, D₂EX+ load) and straight leg raise (SLR). The normalized EMG activity of VMO, VL and VMO/VL ratio were measured and analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: There were significant main effects of group and exercises for the both VMO and VL (p<0.05). It was found that except SLR and D₂EX, in the other motions PFPS group had lower VMO activity compared to healthy group (p<0.05). For VL except SLR, in the other motions PFPS group had lower VL activity too (p<0.05). The PNF patterns activated VMO more than SLR, however it was not significant (p>0.05). Also; there weren''t any significant difference between the two groups in VMO/VL activation ratios. Also, performing the PNF patterns with load increased VMO and VL muscles activity significantly (p<0.05). It also found that in PFPS group the VMO/VL ratio values in PNF patterns were significantly more than SLR and the highest VMO/VL ratio value (0.96) was found during D₂EX. Conclusion: The PNF patterns due to provide optimal VMO/VL ratio value than SLR and proper balance between these two muscles can be recommended in rehabilitation of individuals with PFPS.     

On the Feasibility of an In Vitro Noninvasive Absorbance-Based Cell Proliferation Analysis Technique,Using Cell Culture Media

The preliminary results of a study on the applicability of using spectrophotometry of the culture medium toward understanding of cells' response to different environments is reported. The cells are cultivated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates and physicochemically manipulated by varying the substrate stiffness and the dose of surface plasma treatment. By growing cervical cancer (HeLa) cells on PDMS with varying stiffness and plasma treatment levels, we tested the hypothesis that the influence of substrate stiffness and treatment can be detected through the spectrophotometry of a microvolume of cell culture medium. The results imply an opportunity of using the spectrophotometry of culture media with an integrated minimal sample retention system as a practical and noninvasive alternative to traditional bioassays requiring cells detachment.     

A spectrometer for EPR,DNP, and multinuclear high-resolution NMR

We describe a magnetic resonance spectrometer capable of EPR, dynamic nuclear polarization, and multinuclear high-resolution NMR. The operating field is 1.4 T, corresponding to Larmor frequencies of 40 GHz and 60 MHz for electrons and protons, respectively. The microwave side of the probe is based on a Fabry-Perot resonator (FPR ), an open structure that enhances power-to-field conversion for efficient saturation of the EPR for dynamic polarization, and further permits in situ detection for EPR. This allows the external field to be set at, rather than scanned for, the optimal DNP position. Moreover, we have found that adjustments necessary for maximizing DNP may be done via optimization of the EPR signal, a feature of particular significance for samples which exhibit NMR signals on the borderline of detectability, i.e., samples for which DNP is of special importance. 'H and '3C polarization enhancements achieved using the FPR are compared with devices used by others, in particular the horn /reflector system used by Wind and co-workers. Direct '3C enhancements large enough to detect 2.5 x 10'6 spins in (fluoranthenyl)2 PF6 after a single one-second polarization period have been obtained, and the first high-field 'Li DNP results are also presented.     

Identification of new novel scaffold for Aurora A inhibition by pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening

Aurora kinases belong to family of highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in diverse cell cycle events and play a major role in regulation of cell division. Abnormal expression of Aurora kinases may lead to cancer; hence, these are considered as a potential target in cancer treatment. In this research article, we identified three novel Aurora A inhibitors using modern computational tools. A four-point common 3D pharmacophore hypothesis of Aurora A (AurA) inhibitors was developed using a diverse set of 55 thienopyrimidine derivatives. A three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was carried out using atom-based alignment of diverse set of 55 molecules to evaluate the structure– activity relationships. Docking and 3D-QSAR studies were performed with the 3D structure of AurA to evaluate the generated pharmacophore. The pharmacophore model and 3D-QSAR results complemented the results of our docking study. The pharmacophore hypothesis, which yields the best results, was used to screen the Zinc ‘clean drug-like’ database. Various database filters such as 3D-arrangement of pharmacophoric features, predicted activity and binding interaction score were used to retrieve hits having potential AurA inhibition activity.     

A look at the abandoned contributions to cosmology of Dirac,Sciama, and Dicke

The separate contributions to cosmology of the above researchers are revisited and a cosmology encompassing their basic ideas is proposed. We study Dirac's article (1938) on the large number hypothesis, Sciama's proposal (1953) of realizing Mach's principle, and Dicke's considerations (1957) on a flat‐space representation of general relativity with a variable speed of light (VSL). Dicke's tentative theory can be formulated in a way which is compatible with Sciama's hypothesis on the gravitational constant G. Additionally, such a cosmological model is shown to satisfy Dirac's second ‘large number’ hypothesis on the total number of particles in the universe being proportional to the square of the epoch. In the same context, Dirac's first hypothesis on an epoch‐dependent G – contrary to his prediction – does not necessarily produce a visible time dependence of G. While Dicke's proposal reproduces the classical tests of GR in first approximation, the cosmological redshift is described by a shortening of measuring rods rather than an expansion of space. Since the temporal evolution of the horizon R is governed by , the flatness and horizon problems do not arise in the common form.     

First-Principles Investigations on Structural, Elastic, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Tetragonal HfSiO4

Structural parameters, elastic, mechanical, electronic, chemical bonding, and optical properties of tetragonal HfSiO₄ have been investigated using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first-principles density-functional theory. The ground-state properties obtained by minimizing the total energy are in agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. This compound is found to be mechanically stable, and we have obtained the bulk, shear, and Young's modulus; Poisson's coefficient; and Lamé's constants. We have estimated the Debye temperature of tetragonal HfSiO₄ from the acoustic velocity. Electronic and chemical bonding properties have been studied. Moreover, the complex dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, energy-loss spectrum, optical reflectivity, and complex conductivity function are calculated and analyzed.     

Determinants,torsion, and strings

We apply the results of [BF1, BF2] on determinants of Dirac operators to String Theory. For the bosonic string we recover the “holomorphic factorization” of Belavin and Knizhik. Witten's global anomaly formula is used to give sufficient conditions for anomaly cancellation in the heterotic string (for arbitrary background spacetimes). To prove the latter result we develop certain torsion invariants related to characteristic classes of vector bundles and to index theory.     

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation after Total Knee Replacement Surgery Using Sample Entropy and Classical Measures of Body Balance

Exercises in virtual reality (VR) have recently become a popular form of rehabilitation and are reported to be more effective than a standard rehabilitation protocol alone. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of adjunct VR training in improving postural control in patients after total knee replacement surgery (TKR). Forty-two patients within 7–14 days of TKR were enrolled and divided into a VR group and a control group (C). The C group underwent standard postoperative rehabilitation. The VR group additionally attended twelve 30-min exercise sessions using the Virtual Balance Clinic prototype system. Balance was assessed on the AMTI plate in bipedal standing with and without visual feedback before and after the four-week rehabilitation. Linear measures and sample entropy of CoP data were analyzed. After four weeks of rehabilitation, a significant reduction in parameters in the sagittal plane and ellipse area was noted while the eyes remained open. Regression analysis showed that sample entropy depended on sex, body weight, visual feedback and age. Based on the sample entropy results, it was concluded that the complexity of the body reaction had not improved. The standing-with-eyes-closed test activates automatic balance mechanisms and offers better possibilities as a diagnostic tool.     

Search for correlation effects in theM 4, 5 N 4, 5 N 4, 5 Auger spectrum of xenon

TheM _{4, 5} N _{4, 5} N _{4, 5} Auger spectrum of xenon has been measured with high resolution. Theoretical line intensities and relative line energies for this spectrum have been calculated applyingjj coupling to the initial states and intermediate coupling and configuration interaction to the final states. Two facts indicate that correlation effects are only small in the present case: The application of configuration interaction gives only small changes in line intensities and the experimental line intensities are found to be in good agreement with theoretical results, calculated without configuration interaction.     

High resolutionMNN auger spectra of Ag,Cd, In,Sb, Te,and I

The strongest lines (M ₅ N _4,5 N _4,5 andM ₄ N _4,5 N _4,5) in theMNN Auger spectra of Ag, Cd, In, Sb, Te, and I have been investigated with high resolution by means of an electrostatic cylindrical spectrometer. The measured spectra have been found to have a fine structure corresponding to the splitting of the final states of the Auger transitionsM ₅ N _4,5 N _4,5 andM ₄ N _4,5 N _4,5. This has not been observed for these elements in spectra measured by the retarding field method. The line profiles are discussed.     

The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells

In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5–10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.     

On symmetries,reductions, conservation laws and conserved quantities of optical solitons with inter-modal dispersion

This paper studies the compressional dispersive Alfvén (CDA) waves where Noether symmetries will be calculated from which the corresponding conservation laws will be obtained via Noether's theorem. Furthermore, one case of double reduction is performed via the association of a conserved vector with a Noether symmetry (with zero gauge). The conserved quantities of optical solitons in the presence of intermodal dispersion that is governed by the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger's equation with Kerr law nonlinearity. The invariance-multiplier method is adopted to carry out the analysis, from which the conserved densities are then retrieved. Finally, the conserved quantities are obtained using the 1-soliton solution of the governing equation.     

Cost-Sensitive KNN Algorithm for Cancer Prediction Based on Entropy Analysis

Early diagnosis of cancer is beneficial in the formulation of the best treatment plan; it can improve the survival rate and the quality of patient life. However, imaging detection and needle biopsy usually used not only find it difficult to effectively diagnose tumors at early stage, but also do great harm to the human body. Since the changes in a patient’s health status will cause changes in blood protein indexes, if cancer can be diagnosed by the changes in blood indexes in the early stage of cancer, it can not only conveniently track and detect the treatment process of cancer, but can also reduce the pain of patients and reduce the costs. In this paper, 39 serum protein markers were taken as research objects. The difference of the entropies of serum protein marker sequences in different types of patients was analyzed, and based on this, a cost-sensitive analysis model was established for the purpose of improving the accuracy of cancer recognition. The results showed that there were significant differences in entropy of different cancer patients, and the complexity of serum protein markers in normal people was higher than that in cancer patients. Although the dataset was rather imbalanced, containing 897 instances, including 799 normal instances, 44 liver cancer instances, and 54 ovarian cancer instances, the accuracy of our model still reached 95.21%. Other evaluation indicators were also stable and satisfactory; precision, recall, F1 and AUC reach 0.807, 0.833, 0.819 and 0.92, respectively. This study has certain theoretical and practical significance for cancer prediction and clinical application and can also provide a research basis for the intelligent medical treatment.     

Crystallographic,optical and magnetic properties of Eu2SiO4

The crystallographic properties of Eu₂SiO₄ are studied in terms of its isomorph Ca₂SiO₄. The recently discovered monoclinic room-temperature phase is ferroelastic and simultaneously ferromagnetic at low temperatures (T _e=5.40°K). The optical absorption and the dispersion properties have been measured in spectral intervals ranging from 0.5 to 3.6 eV and partly for temperatures between 300 and 500°K. This temperature range includes the ferroelastic-paraelastic phase-transition temperature (T _e=438°K). An anomaly of the dielectric constant atT _e suggests the presence of an unstable phase which would be ferroelectric. The Faraday rotation has been measured on either side of the absorption edge at 300 and 77°K. The recent results on crystal structure allow an explanation of the magnetic behaviour of the two ferromagnetic phases known up to now.