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水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声的预报对于水下目标的特征提取和分类识别具有重要意义。由桨叶的旋转引起的湍流场是水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声的源场。分述了水下对转螺旋桨湍流边界层脉动、旋转干涉效应和空化效应引发的水动力噪声机制和研究进展,比较了目前工程应用中的3种对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声预报方法的特点。在分析对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声数值预报难点的基础上,综述了对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声计算方法的研究进展,指出间接数值模拟方法是工程中进行对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声预报的有效方法。 相似文献
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海洋环境噪声是多种自然噪声和人为噪声的复杂组合,其谱级大小和频率组成是影响声纳系统探测性能的重要参数,由于海洋环境噪声时空域特性是非常复杂的,因此需要对海洋环境噪声进行长时间和大范围的观测才足以分析其特性。本文通过在多剖面水下浮标平台基础上集成声学测量系统,研制出了一种具有海洋环境噪声监测能力的水下声学浮标平台,该浮标平台可多次上浮、下潜,具备原位坐底和定深漂流两种工作模式,能够连续观测海洋环境噪声时长多达几个月。利用2019年8月在南海海区组织的多台水下声学浮标组网试验数据,分析了不同频率海洋环境噪声谱级随时间变化特性,数据处理结果符合海洋环境噪声典型变化规律,试验表明,水下声学浮标可作为一种潜在的优势水下无人移动平台,用于长期监测海洋环境噪声特性。 相似文献
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常规实验方法无法同步获取深海大尺度声学和水文数据,水下滑翔机可作为同步观测平台解决该问题.首先利用在东印度洋北部海域水下滑翔机同步获取的声传播和水文实验数据,分析了水下滑翔机的自噪声谱级和实验海区声传播特性,然后推算并修正了滑翔机水下运动轨迹,利用第一影区水下滑翔机接收声传播信号的脉冲多途到达时间差对声源进行测距与定深。潜标接收噪声与滑翔机自噪声谱级对比表明,水下滑翔机在海洋中无动力运动时的系统自噪声接近于潜标观测的海洋环境噪声。滑翔机实测的声传播损失与模型计算结果吻合较好,第一影区水下声源测距定深结果与实际位置较为一致,测距与定深的相对误差均小于5%。利用加载水听器的水下滑翔机可以实现水文环境数据与声学信号的同步观测,对深海声传播特性测量及定位算法研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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水下对转桨无空化噪声由流场-桨叶相互作用引起,调制特性是水下对转桨无空化噪声的重要特征,本文研究了水下对转桨无空化辐射噪声调制机理。首先利用广义声类比方法得到了无空化条件下水下对转桨的远场声压谱,建立了水下对转桨无空化噪声的调制模型,然后数值仿真了模型对转桨无空化噪声的功率谱和调制谱,最后在空泡水筒中进行了模型对转桨的无空化噪声测量试验,数值仿真结果和试验验证了调制模型的准确性。该模型对于水下对转桨无空化噪声调制特性预报及目标识别具有重要价值. 相似文献
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提出了使用Sage-Husa算法估计量测噪声的集势化概率假设密度(CPHD)滤波方位跟踪方法,实现了量测噪声不确定情况下多水下声学目标的稳健方位跟踪。首先,将水下目标方位的变化建模为Singer模型,利用传统目标方位估计方法的结果作为量测值,将方位估计误差看作量测噪声,建立了方位量测模型。然后,给出了CPHD滤波水下多目标方位跟踪算法,该算法利用上一时刻的方位跟踪结果和目标方位变化模型预测目标方位,并利用量测值和量测模型对预测值进行更新得到方位跟踪结果。最后,考虑到量测噪声方差为决定跟踪性能的重要参数,利用改进的Sage-Husa算法在跟踪过程中实时自适应地估计不确定量测噪声的方差,从而实现了多目标的稳健方位跟踪。经海试数据验证,所提出算法将目标方位测量的平均最优子模式分配(OSPA)误差从10°以上降低至2°,显著提高了方位测量精度。所提水下多目标稳健方位跟踪方法能够有效提高量测噪声不确定情况下的方位跟踪性能。 相似文献
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海洋环境噪声研究发展概述及应用前景 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
海洋环境噪声是海洋声场的背景场,通常被当作干扰项。在传统的水声学和海洋声学中,对海洋环境噪声的研究目的大多是为了降低或抑制环境噪声对水下设备的干扰,提高水下设备的性能和作用距离。目前,许多国家纷纷投入力量,开展海洋环境噪声数据获取、分析及噪声场建模工作。从另一个角度考虑,海洋环境噪声是海洋中永恒存在的声场,包含了水体及海底海面等环境特性信息。因此,可利用海洋环境噪声来研究海洋环境物理特性,通过低代价换取丰富的海洋声学信息。若能对海洋环境噪声的宽频带和任意时间存在的特性加以利用,则可以从海洋环境噪声中提取出相关的海洋环境参数。 相似文献
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针对海面干涉对船舶辐射噪声测量的影响,进而导致声源级测量不准确的问题,文章给出了利用时间平均、深度平均、1/3倍频程谱级3种数据处理方法减弱海面干涉的影响,通过模型仿真验证了以上方法的有效性。根据船舶水下辐射噪声测量的国际标准,在浅海测量了某新型科考船不同航速下的水下辐射噪声,并采用前述方法进行了数据处理与分析。计算了不同航速下被测船舶辐射噪声1/3倍频程频带声压级,并与挪威船级社发布的辐射噪声衡准值进行了对比。结果表明被测船舶噪声低频控制较好,高频控制较差,高航速(13 kn)被测船舶的2 kHz以上辐射噪声大于衡准值。 相似文献
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K. Henschel B. Hellwig F. Amtage J. Vesper M. Jachan C. H. Lücking J. Timmer B. Schelter 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2008,165(1):25-34
The analysis of multi-dimensional biomedical systems requires analysis techniques, which are able to deal with multivariate
data consisting of both time series as well as point processes. Univariate and bivariate analysis techniques in the frequency
domain for time series and point processes are established and investigated, although the number of investigations is strongly
biased towards time series. Actual multivariate techniques for time series or hybrids of time series and point processes are
scarcely addressed. Here, we present spectral analysis techniques which are able to analyse point processes as well as time
series. Thereby, univariate, bivariate as well as multivariate techniques are discussed. Applications to simulated as well
as real-world data reveal the abilities of the proposed techniques. 相似文献
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AR Engel 《Contemporary Physics》2013,54(6):523-526
This article reviews some of the applications of physics to the solution of archaeological problems. The use of magnetic, resistivity and electromagnetic surveying techniques for the location of buried features is described. Various methods of age determination are outlined while the problems associated with radiocarbon dating of organic material and thermoluminescent dating of pottery are discussed in detail. The techniques, including petrological examination, chemical analysis and isotopic analysis, employed in the physical examination of archaeological artefacts are described. Examples of the application of these techniques in establishing the source of the raw materials used in pottery, metal and stone implements and in elucidating the techniques of manufacture of pottery and metal objects are also given. 相似文献
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Shan-Yang Lin 《固体与材料科学评论》2016,41(6):482-530
Polymers or polymeric materials are almost ubiquitous in our daily lives, and their production involves major industrial efforts worldwide. Smart polymers have been developed for diverse purposes ranging from commodities to high-tech medical applications. In particular, bio-based polymers have attracted increasing attention because of environmental concerns and the realization that global petroleum resources are finite. A great quantity of these polymers has been synthesized, and more will be produced in the future. Therefore, their characterization requires various analytical instruments and methods. This article presents the most comprehensive overview of basic operational principles of various advanced hyphenated techniques for polymer analysis and characterization and to present several literature examples of applications of these techniques. An overview of polymer classification and characterization in terms of physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties is initially introduced. Next, the polymer characterization by conventional thermal analysis is discussed. Hyphenated analytical technique is online coupling of separation and detection techniques using suitable interfaces. Here, the main focus of this review article will discuss recent advances in the online applications of various hyphenated techniques such as double-, triple-, and quadruple-hyphenated methods along with appropriate examples. This should be the first review article simultaneously introduced and discussed overall above three techniques, rather than only one or two techniques presented in other review article. These hyphenated techniques offer shorter analysis times, increased automation, higher sample throughput, better reproducibility, and reduced contamination. The remarkable improvements observed in these methods are expected to enhance combined selectivity and increase the amount of authentic information obtained. When the hyphenated analytical techniques are combined, however, there will be having synergies and negative consequences. Details on the advantages and disadvantages of the hyphenated coupling techniques should be paid more and more attention on the investigation of polymeric materials. 相似文献
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Plant tissues must be dehydrated for observation in most electron microscopes. Although a number of sample processing techniques have been developed for preserving plant tissues in their original form and structure, none of them are guaranteed artefact-free. The current paper reviews common scanning electron microscopy techniques and the sample preparation methods employed for visualisation of leaves under specific types of electron microscopes. Common artefacts introduced by specific techniques on different leaf types are discussed. Comparative examples are depicted from our lab using similar techniques; the pros and cons for specific techniques are discussed. New promising techniques and microscopes, which can alleviate some of the problems encountered in conventional methods of leaf sample processing and visualisation, are also discussed. It is concluded that the choice of technique for a specific leaf sample is dictated by the surface features that need to be preserved (such as trichomes, epidermal cells or wax microstructure), the resolution to be achieved, availability of the appropriate processing equipment and the technical capabilities of the available electron microscope. 相似文献
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基於脉冲响应积分的音乐厅和剧院观众厅声学特性的测量目前有三种使用不同激励声源的测试方法:人工脉冲声源、伪随机噪声序列(MLS)、以及用正弦扫频信号。这些技术各有其优缺点,在实际应用中为了方便根据具体情况选择不同的激励声源,通过在一个音乐厅现场的实测数据比较丁三种声源的实测结果,发现对混响时间测量三种不同的激励声源给出的结果基本一致,但是对明晰度和一些其他的指标,脉冲声源给出的结果与用MLS和扫频信号给出的结果有较明显的差别。对实际中如何选择具体的技术也做了建议。 相似文献
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Acoustic source localization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article different techniques for localizing acoustic sources are described and the advantages/disadvantages of these techniques are discussed. Some source localization techniques are restricted to isotropic structures while other methods can be applied to anisotropic structures as well. Some techniques require precise knowledge of the direction dependent velocity profiles in the anisotropic body while other techniques do not require that knowledge. Some methods require accurate values of the time of arrival of the acoustic waves at the receivers while other techniques can function without that information. Published papers introducing various techniques emphasize the advantages of the introduced techniques while ignoring and often not mentioning the limitations and weaknesses of the new techniques. What is lacking in the literature is a comprehensive review and comparison of the available techniques; this article attempts to do that. After reviewing various techniques the paper concludes which source localization technique should be most effective for what type of structure and what the current research needs are. 相似文献
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调Q技术是实现小型CO2激光器短脉冲输出的重要手段,近年来随着短脉冲CO2激光器在激光测距、测速、成像雷达、环境探测、空间通讯及激光与物质相互作用等领域应用需求的不断增长,激光调Q技术越来越受到国内外专家的关注而成为红外激光技术的研究热点之一。本文就目前用于CO2激光器中实现短脉冲输出的5种主要调Q技术(机械调Q技术、电光调Q技术、声光调Q技术、被动调Q技术、复合调Q技术)的国内外发展历程和现状进行了综合评述,总结分析了各种方法的关键技术和存在的问题,并简要分析了该技术的未来发展趋势。 相似文献