毛细管区带电泳化学发光法测定食品中残留的磺胺类药物

基于碱性介质中,磺胺类药物对Ag(Ⅲ)配合物与鲁米诺(Luminol,Lu)化学发光体系的发光强度有抑制作用,建立了毛细管电泳-化学发光分离检测磺胺甲噁唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(Sulfadimethoxine,SDM)、磺胺噻唑(Sulfathiazole,ST)的方法.3种磺胺类药物经毛细管电泳分离后,分别与Ag(Ⅲ)配合物和鲁米诺化学发光体系作用,以相对迁移时间定性,相对化学发光强度定量,采用标准曲线法测定样品中的待测物含量.对影响毛细管电泳的分离与化学发光检测的条件均进行了优化.在最佳分离检测条件下,3种磺胺类药物在2.0 ～ 200 μg/mL范围内线性良好(r＞0.9977).对3种磺胺类药物平行测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3％～1.9％,3种磺胺类物质的检出限分别为0.33,0.20和0.034 μg/mL,加标回收率为80.2％ ～ 102.9％.将本方法应用于猪肉、鸡肉、牛奶中的3种磺胺类药物残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

Determination of sulfonamide residues in soit and bottom sediment by accelerated solvent extractioncapillary electrophoresis

建立了一种快速溶剂萃取( ASE) -毛细管电泳检测土壤和底泥中磺胺类药物残留的新方法.通过优化ASE的萃取条件,选取甲醇为萃取剂,在70C、10.3 MPa的条件下提取土壤和底泥样品中的磺胺类药物.毛细管电泳检测磺胺嘧啶,磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺间二甲氧基嘧啶的标准曲线具有良好的线性(r＞0.999).方法的定量限(LOQ,S/N=1O)为0.056 ～0.070 mg/kg.日内相对标准偏差在0.4％ ～2.5％之间,日间相对标准偏差在1.2％ ～4.6％之间.3个加标水平0.100、0.625、2.50 mg/kg的平均回收率在82％～103％之间,RSD≦4.3％.方法已用于土壤和底泥样品前处理和磺胺类药物残留检测.     

快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉中5种磺胺类药物残留

建立了同时测定牛肉中5种磺胺药物残留量的快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法。以乙腈为萃取剂在120℃、10MPa条件下用快速溶剂萃取仪提取样品中的目标物,提取液经冷冻除脂净化后,采用UltimateXB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm×5μm)分离,乙腈-3%乙酸溶液(体积比25:75)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,柱温为30℃,在紫外检测波长268nm条件下进样10μL。该方法在0.01～0.10g/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),最低检出限为0.011mg/kg,加标回收率在89.0%～107.8%范围内,相对标准偏差小于5.3%(n=5)。该方法快速、准确、简便,能够满足检测要求。     

高效毛细管电泳法同时分离检测土壤中三嗪类与磺胺类抗球虫药物的研究

以体积比为3∶2的0.1 mol/L NaOH和THF混合液作为提取液,建立了同时分离检测土壤中两类抗球虫药物(磺胺、磺胺氯吡嗪、磺胺喹噁啉、地克珠利)的高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)方法。考察了HPCE中缓冲液类型、离子浓度和pH值、分离电压、分离温度等因素,利用正交实验进行条件优化,得出了最佳实验条件:缓冲体系为50 mmol/L硼砂-200 mmol/L硼酸(pH 9.0),分离电压23 kV,分离温度25℃,紫外检测波长分别为220 nm和254 nm。在此最佳分离条件下,上述4种抗球虫药物在7.5 min内实现快速分离。4种药物在1.56～50 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r2)为0.994 7～0.999 9。在2.0、5.0、10.0 mg/kg的加标水平下,4种药物的回收率为77%～90%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为6.3%～8.1%。该方法简便、快速、成本低,成功应用于畜禽养殖场土壤中4种常用抗球虫药物的快速检测。     

快速溶剂萃取一气相色谱法测定土壤中多氯联苯Aroclor系列

建立了快速溶剂萃取、浓硫酸净化、气相色谱法测定土壤中多氯联苯Aroclor系列的方法.方法线性良好、灵敏度高、回收率在70%～110%之间、相对标准偏差RSD小于17%,并用于有证的标准土壤样品及环境实样的分析,结果满意.     

高效毛细管电泳法测定牛奶和奶粉中残留的三聚氰胺

建立了牛奶和奶粉中三聚氰胺的高效毛细管电泳-二极管阵列检测器(HPCE-DAD)检测方法。使用长度58.5 cm、内径75 μm的毛细管柱,分离电压25 kV,进样量3.5 kPa (35 mbar)×8 s,分离温度25 ℃,缓冲溶液20 mmol/L 柠檬酸-40 mmol/L 磷酸氢二钠(pH 2.6),检测波长232 nm。分析物在1~100 mg/L 范围内线性良好,r2>0.997;牛奶和奶粉的定量限分别为0.5 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg。在添加水平为定量限浓度至50 mg/kg时的回收率为72.2%~97.3%,相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.9%。     

用毛细管电泳法对某些药物的分离试验

本文采用毛细管电泳法,以50μm内径,45cm长的弹性石英毛细管作为分离管,选用磷酸盐-硼酸盐-十二烷基硫酸钠缓冲溶液体系,在柱254nm紫外检测器,在不同的电泳电压下,对水溶性维生素,磺胺类药物、头孢菌素抗生素,解热镇痛药物有效成份进行了分析,取得较满意的结果。     

毛细管电泳法测定性保健品中的西地那非

 用毛细管电泳法测定了万艾可片剂和两种市售性保健品中的西地那非。以 6 0mmol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液为缓冲溶液 (pH 5 0 ) ,在 35℃ ,30kV的条件下进行测定 ,结果西地那非的质量浓度为 0 0 7g/L～ 1 0 5 g/L时与相应峰面积的线性关系良好 (r =0 9985 ) ;在实际样品中的平均回收率为 97 4 % ;方法的重现性好 ,峰面积的RSD为4 7%。与目前通行的高效液相法测定西地那非的结果相比 ,毛细管电泳方法所测得的结果同样准确可靠 ,而且样品处理简便 ,测试时间短 ,测试成本低 ,因此可以作为测定西地那非的一种简便而准确的方法。     

快速溶剂萃取-基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法测定牛肉中5种磺胺类药物残留

建立了同时测定牛肉中5种磺胺类药物残留量的快速溶剂萃取-基质固相分散-高效液相色谱分析方法。通过优化样品处理条件,确定选取1.0g牛肉样品与3.0g弗罗里硅土混合,以乙腈为萃取剂在120℃、10MPa条件下用快速溶剂萃取仪提取样品中的磺胺。采用UltimateXB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm×5μm)分离,乙腈-3%乙酸溶液(体积比25∶75)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,柱温为30℃,在紫外检测波长268nm条件下进样10μL。5种磺胺类药物在0.5～10.0mg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9995),检出限为0.011～0.030mg/kg,加标回收率为89%～109%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.5%～4.3%。     

高效毛细管电泳在药物分析中的应用

对高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）在药物制剂及原料药分析中的应用（测定药物中主成分及杂质含量;手性药物拆分;微量制备及成分鉴别等）作一综述,并用表１,２列出了部分应用实例。     

Determination of sulfonamide residues in water samples by in-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis

An in-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis method with UV–vis detection was developed for the monitoring of residues of five sulfonamides (sulfadoxin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfachloropyridazine and sulfamethoxazole) in tap, bottled mineral and river waters. For this purpose an analyte concentrator was constructed, based on the introduction of a small portion of a solid-phase extraction sorbent into the electrophoretic capillary to carry out an in-line concentration step, improving sensitivity. A detailed study was carried out to optimize parameters affecting the in-line solid-phase extraction process, such as the design of the concentrator device, type of sorbent and conditions of elution and injection. The proposed method is simple for the environmental monitoring of these antibiotic residues in waters, allowing the direct injection of the samples without any off-line pretreatment and achieving limits of detection between 0.3 and 0.6 μg/L. Recoveries ranging 52.2–109.2% and relative standard deviations below 13.4% were obtained.     

加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中咪唑乙烟酸残留量

建立了加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中咪唑乙烟酸除草剂残留量的检测方法.加标土壤样品以V(甲醇)∶V(冰乙酸)＝5∶1作提取剂,在温度50 ℃,压力9 MPa下静态萃取10 min,提取物用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器进行分析.色谱柱为ODS柱,流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)∶V(冰乙酸)＝50∶46∶4,流量: 1 mL/min;检测波长: 254 nm.结果表明: 1和10 μg/g的加标回收率分别为90%和86%,相对标准偏差分别为4.1%和4.5%,检出限可达0.006 μg/g.     

Rapid screening of dioxin-contaminated soil by accelerated solvent extraction/purification followed by immunochemical detection

Since soils at industrial sites might be heavily contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), there is a need for large-scale soil pollution surveys and, thus, for cost-efficient, high-throughput dioxin analyses. However, trace analysis of dioxins in complex matrices requires exhaustive extraction, extensive cleanup, and very sensitive detection methods. Traditionally, this has involved the use of Soxhlet extraction and multistep column cleanup, followed by gas chromatography—high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS), but bioanalytical techniques may allow much more rapid, cost-effective screening. The study presented here explores the possibility of replacing the conventional method with a novel approach based on simultaneous accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and purification, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both the traditional and the novel cleanup and detection approaches were applied to contaminated soil samples, and the results were compared. ELISA and GC/HRMS results for Soxhlet-extracted samples were linearly correlated, although the ELISA method slightly underestimated the dioxin levels. To avoid an unacceptable rate of false-negative results, the use of a safety factor is recommended. It was also noted that the relative abundance of the PCDDs/PCDFs, evaluated by principal component analysis, had an impact on the ELISA performance. To minimize this effect, the results may be corrected for differences between the ELISA cross-reactivities and the corresponding toxic equivalency factor values. Finally, the GC/HRMS and ELISA results obtained following the two sample preparation methods agreed well; and the ELISA and GC/HRMS results for ASE extracts were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient, 0.90). Hence, the ASE procedure combined with ELISA analysis appears to be an efficient approach for high-throughput screening of PCDD-/PCDF-contaminated soil samples.      

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

建立了茶叶中13种有机氯和10种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的气相色谱-负化学离子源.质谱(GC-NCl-MS)分析方法.茶叶样品用V(丙酮):V(CH2Cl2)=1:1混合液作提取剂经加速溶剂萃取,提取液经凝胶色谱净化除去大部分的色素、脂类和蜡质,再经活性炭-氨基(Carb-NH2)复合小柱和Florisil小柱净化后,用GC-NCl-MS的选择离子监测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析.添加50μg/kg 浓度水平时,农药回收率在45.6%～112.4%之间,相对标准偏差在0.57%～10.1%之间;方法的检出限(3倍信噪比)在0.05～10.0μg/kg之间.方法适用于出口茶叶农残检测实际工作.     

Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil extracts by solid-phase extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis

Summary Sulfonylurea herbicides in soil extracts were concentrated using off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE), and determined by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and UV detection. The method involves extraction of soils with 0.1 M NaHCO₃ solution and subsequent preconcentration by using C₁₈ cartridges prior to separation of the pesticide using CZE. The results show that a C₁₈ cartridge is suitable for the purification of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil extracts with the recoveries ranging from 65–103%. The separation conditions affecting the resolution and detection sensitivity was systematically investigated. The sulfonylureas were resolved well using 30 mM sodium acetate (NaAc)/acetic acid (HAc)+10% acetonitrile (ACN) buffer at pH 4.80. The calibration plots for the test solutes in the concentration of 0.2–50 mg L⁻¹ were linear with detection limits in the range of 0.05–0.10 mgL⁻¹. The proposed method has been successfully demonstrated for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil samples.     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱串联质谱测定菊花中的3种菊酯类农药残留量

建立了加速溶剂萃取菊花中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯的气相色谱串联质谱农残分析检测方法。探讨了选择性加速溶剂萃取技术在农残前处理上的应用,开发了集萃取、净化于一体的快速新型样品前处理技术。同时还对气相色谱串联质谱的质谱条件进行了优化,得到了一种快速准确高灵敏的农残检测方法。方法的回收率在80%-106%之间,精密度在5.6%-13%,并在1.0-6000μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系（R≥0.9967）,检出限（S/N=3）〈0.5μg/L;定量限（S/N=10）〈1.67μg/L。     

Determination of sulfonamide residues in cultured sea cucumber by pre-column derivatization capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

A simple and mild method for the separation of sulfonamide residues based on a condensation reaction with O-phthalaldehyde solution (OPA) as labeling reagent with capillary electrophoresis has been developed. A 58.5 cm × 50 μm i.d. (50 cm effective length) untreated fused-silica capillary was used. To optimize the separation conditions, the background electrolyte concentration, pH, column temperature, voltage and other factors were evaluated. The optimal separation conditions were as follows: 20 mmol L^?1 borate buffer; pH 9.1; column temperature 20 °C; separation voltage 18 kV, pressure 50 mbar and injection time 8 s. Under the optimal conditions, 10 kinds of sulfonamide derivatives could be well-separated within 8 min, and the linear ranges were 0.35–100 μg kg^?1. The detection limit (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) was in the range of 0.12–0.25 μg kg^?1, and the quantification limit (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10) was in the range of 0.35–0.70 μg kg^?1. The sulfonamide residues from cultured sea cucumber samples were determined under the optimal conditions with satisfactory results.     

Comparison of accelerated solvent extraction with microwave-assisted extraction and Soxhlet for the extraction of chlorinated biphenyls in soil samples

The extraction and determination of chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) in soils and solid wastes is an ongoing subject of study. This is an overview article that compares the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) techniques. The extraction of CBs by ASE has been optimised taking into account the variation of pressure, temperature and extraction time by means of experimental design and the Simplex approach. The recoveries obtained under the optimum conditions are compared and discussed with those obtained from MAE and Soxhlet extractions.     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定饲料中的磺胺类药物

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ED),对饲料中的6种磺胺类药物磺胺脒、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑进行了分离和测定。分别考察了工作电极电位、运行缓冲液的pH和浓度、分离电压和进样时间等实验参数对实验结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以直径300μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为0.95 V(vs.SCE),在30 mmol/L硼砂-KH2PO4(pH7.6)的运行缓冲溶液中,6个分析物能够在16 min内实现很好的基线分离,被测物浓度与峰电流在3个数量级呈良好的线性,检出限(S/N=3)范围0.08～0.20μg/mL。该方法已应用于实际样品的分析。