硫化氢系统和酸碱系统信息量的比较

从信息论的观点来看,一种分析方法能提供的信息量越大,此方法就越好。本文拟从这一角度对应用较广的两种定性分析系统——硫化氢系统和酸碱系统进行比较。     

颗粒系统成核、长大、聚并微观行为的模拟

针对描述多相体系中成核、长大、聚并微观过程的群体平衡方程,提出了一种可以跟踪任意数目矩的定点矩方法。为便于方法处理,将间歇式和连续式两种不同操作过程下的群体平衡方程写成统一形式,并利用权值残差法导出统一形式矩方程,实现了两种操作条件下矩的直接跟踪。将数值密度函数简化为连续Dirac Delta函数加权和,将积分或微分转化为连续求和。对连续式操作下的成核、长大微观过程和间歇式操作条件下的聚并、长大微观过程模拟结果表明：该方法具有较高数值精度,与分析解的相对误差在10^-8％以内。对无分析解间歇式操作过程中成核、聚并、长大复合微观过程模拟,重现了复合过程微观行为,说明该算法的可行性。     

基于贝叶斯网的生态工业系统中企业Agent协作关系建模

生态工业系统中的每个企业都可以建模为智能Agent。介绍了一种基于贝叶斯网的方法,对各企业Agent之间的协作关系进行建模。该法能有效表达各企业Agent行为策略之间的因果关系,进而可以对生态工业系统中各企业在不同情况下采取的行为策略进行预测和决策。     

电位型传感器嵌入式遥测系统的研制

研制了一种应用于电位型传感器的嵌入式遥测系统。系统由采样发送端、接收端和计算机组成。采样发送端包括电流放大器、∑-Δ型模数转换器、微控制器和无线数据传输模块,接收端包括无线数据传输模块、微控制器和协议转换器,接收端通过通用串行总线( USB)接口和计算机连接。嵌入式软件用C语言编写,控制信号的采集和传输;上位机软件用 LabVIEW编写,用于数据存储和显示。系统采集电压信号范围为±1.17 V。为验证该系统的精度和可靠性,应用本套系统和数字多用表对一组电位值进行了对照测试,并用自制的氢离子选择性电极进行了酸度变化响应测试。结果表明,本系统电位测量值可以精确到0.1 mV,且抗噪能力良好,pH响应测量的线性相关系数R2=0.998,变化曲线和商品化的电化学分析仪的结果一致。此系统硬件均由标准芯片组成,采样发送端尺寸为29 mm×14 mm×11 mm,可以用于电位型传感器的远程实时检测。     

单炉双载气串联毛细管气相色谱系统中选择性的调节

〕在对利用串联毛细管气相色谱系统的选择性调节进行了系统研究的基础上,着重研究了通过分别改变串联系统中两柱载气流速对系统选择性的巨大影响及其规律性。本工作建立了102-D改装单炉双载气串联毛细管气相色谱系统,为获得不同的色谱选择性提供了一种简单、方便和经济的技术。本文还指出了该系统的应用潜力和前景。     

BAYER COUNTER CURRENT SYSTEMS IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL CO—CURRENT SYSTEM IN THE FIELD OF WATER TREATMENT

From an economical point of view both the quality of the ion exchange resins and the technology used in the field of industrial water treatment are important for a successful performance.In general,two different technologies have been established on the market:The main differneces between the CO-and counter current technologes will be discussed and data concerning the requirement of chemicals for regeneration and the quality of the deionized water will be opposed.In addition several different varieties of the modern counter current technologies,developed and patented by Bayer AG,will be described and the advantages,depending on the application and the demand on the quality of the deionized water,pointed out .In view of stronger regulations concerning the consumption of regeneration chemicals,and waste water,and also because of the superior quality of the produced water,the market share of counter current technologies will continue to increase world-wide.     

微流控分析系统中的自动控制和数据分析

介绍了自动控制及数据分析方法在微流控分析系统中的应用技巧及可行方案.以芯片电泳系统为例,具体介绍电子技术应用于微流控检测仪器搭建及检测数据处理,同时,拓展说明了未来信息技术在微流控分析系统中可能的应用领域.     

利用比例脉冲控制B-Z反应中混沌的变量选择

自二十世纪七十年代以来 ,混沌现象的研究成为非线性科学中的前沿课题。混沌在其无规律的表面下隐藏着惊人的“秩序”,但在许多情况下 ,混沌属于不利因素 ,因此近年来混沌控制又成为倍受关注的热点 ,出现了各种各样的混沌控制方法。这些混沌控制方法可以分为两大类 ,一类以Ott,Grebogi,Yorke提出的 OGY方法 [1]为代表 ,通过对系统参数实行控制达到混沌控制的目的。另一类以比例脉冲控制法[2 ,3] 为代表 ,由控制系统变量利用系统自身非线性特征实现系统自身反馈达到混沌控制目的。这两类方法各自分别能有效地控制不同特点的混沌系统 ,而比…     

光系统II(PSII)抑制剂的比较分子场研究

以光系统II抑制剂DISCO(DIStance COmparisons)模型的活性构象分子作为模板,利用比较分子场分析方法对三类结构不同的化合物进行了三维构效关系的研究.研究结果有助于对DISCO重叠模型的评估和新型PSII抑制剂的设计与合成.     

A national traceability system for chemical measurements

Current developments in Germany for establishing a traceability system for chemical measurements are reported. The focus is on a dissemination mechanism which employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD) and acting as "multipliers" between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements.The use of the metrological dissemination system provided by the DKD also for chemical measurements is a logical extension of a traceability mechanism, successful for more than two decades in general metrology, to metrology in chemistry. In detail, traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described. This system has become an important part of the efforts made in Germany to support chemical laboratories in meeting the traceability requirements of the market and of legal regulations.     

浅谈规范工作流程在有机化学实验室日常管理中的实践

结合有机化学实验室日常管理工作实际,介绍了工作流程的规范化在有机化学实验室管理中的具体做法和重要作用。加强规范化的工作流程的执行力度,既可以为实验技术人员减负,又能保证实验室日常管理常态化,进而提升有机化学实验室的管理效率,更好地为基础实验教学服务。     

Implementation of a quality management system in a public research centre

In recent decades, it has become increasingly important for public research centres to attract external clients, including government, private and public bodies and companies. They do this by demonstrating their research excellence. A research centre??s ability to provide professional research services can be assessed by competent technical bodies which verify that the research centre??s laboratories operate according to certain predetermined criteria or standards. Although there is no set of generally accepted standards, some regional accreditation bodies already offer accreditation assessment for the R&D laboratories which are in their territory. This article analyses the successful application of a quality management system in a public research centre employing 57 people including researchers, technicians and administrative staff. This system is based on the scheme of regional accreditation of industrial research laboratories which was inspired by ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 17025:2005 and set up by the regional authority. The overall aim of the management system is to monitor all of the industrial research and services which the centre offers to external users, such as government, private and public bodies and companies, and to guarantee that final products, usually technical reports and prototypes, respond to their needs. The accreditation applies to all of the activity of the research centre except for basic research. In this article, the critical factors influencing the success of the implementation of the management system are outlined together with benefits and opportunities. Weak points and problems are analysed, and the actions which were undertaken in order to prevent and manage problems are described.     

“6S”在高校基础化学教学实验室细化管理中的灵活应用

主要介绍"6S管理"在厦门大学基础化学教学实验室内部细化管理过程中的应用实践与效果,特别是实验环境、物品定位管理、试剂管理、仪器管理等方面的具体做法,为高校化学教学实验室的建设和有效管理提供适应面广、操作性强的可借鉴经验。     

Analytical Chemistry in France

Abstract

In this day and age it is not an easy task to describe in a few pages the current status of any scientific discipline. This is particularly difficult if one deals with a n area such as analytical chemistry in France which is on the upswing. The present wirteup is focused on developments in French universities since the war: we shall not deal with analytical chemistry in industry, even though chemical companies and the French Atomic Energy Commission have had a paramount influence on recent developments. Indeed, French analytical chemists are being educated mainly to serve the needs of industrial laboratories.     

Cyclotriphosphate: A Brief History,Recent Developments,and Perspectives in Synthesis

There has been a recent upsurge in the study and application of approaches utilizing cyclotriphosphate 1 (cyclo-TP, also known as trimetaphosphate, TMP) and/or proceeding through its analogues in synthetic chemistry to access modified oligo- and polyphosphates. This is especially useful in the area of chemical nucleotide synthesis, but by no means restricted to it. Enabled by new high yielding and easy-to-implement methodologies, these approaches promise to open up an area of research that has previously been underappreciated. Additionally, refinements of concepts of prebiotic phosphorylation chemistry have been disclosed that ultimately rely on cyclo-TP 1 as a precursor, placing it as a potentially central compound in the emergence of life. Given the importance of such concepts for our understanding of prebiotic chemistry in combination with the need to readily access modified polyphosphates for structural and biological studies, this paper will discuss selected recent developments in the field of cyclo-TP chemistry, briefly touch on ultraphosphate chemistry, and highlight areas in which further developments can be expected.     

The modern purex process and its analytical requirements

Nowadays the PUREX process is the sole accepted reprocessing technique. Its boundary conditions change all the time: former metallic low burnup fuels have been replaced by present ceramic oxide fuels with high burnups, and tomorrow fast breeder fuels with high plutonium contents will have to be processed. In addition, more and more restrictive conditions are being imposed upon waste treatment and more and more stringent safety regulations are being felt. Within these constraints this report presents a survey of the results of recent developments in process technology and gives some reference to the importance of process analytical statements with respect to plant operation. Moreover, recommendations are made for the installation and design of analytical laboratories and some experiences are communicated in the field of process analytical chemistry.     

Microreaction Technology for Synthetic Chemistry

Microreaction technology as an emerging tool for synthetic chemistry has been extensively applied in academic and industrial researches. Normally, synthetic chemists used to running reactions in the classical glassware for centuries are unfamiliar and unaccustomed to use microreaction technology for routine synthetic work. This review tries to give a general introduction of the capabilities of microreaction technology. After introducing the origin and history of microreaction technology, we review and discuss mainly several synthetic examples of high T‐P reactions, hazardous reactions, flash chemistry, polymerization, photochemistry, electrochemistry and multistep API's syntheses to demonstrate the capabilities of microreactors. A summary and perspectives on microreactor technology are also given in this paper. It is anticipated that more and more chemists will understand the capabilities and limitations of microreaction technology, and could work together with chemical engineers for the synergic development of chemistry and chemical engineering.     

Electron beam curing of composites in North America

Electron beam curing of fiber-reinforced composites was explored over 30 years ago. Since then there have been developments in accelerator technology, in processes for handling materials presented to an accelerator, and in materials that can be used as matrix binders. In recent years in North America, Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) have been formed involving collaboration amongst materials suppliers, accelerator manufacturers and service providers, national laboratories, such as Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and interested potential users. The scope and status of these CRADAs are reviewed along with other recent developments in the electron beam curing of composites in North America. Innovative and proprietary materials technology has been developed and progress made toward implementing commercial practice. Significant market interest has developed in the military/aerospace industries that are finding the process and performance of electron beam cured composites to offer significant benefits.     

Synthesis and Transformations of NH-Sulfoximines

Recent years have seen a marked increase in the occurrence of sulfoximines in the chemical sciences, often presented as valuable motifs for medicinal chemistry. This has been prompted by both pioneering works taking sulfoximine containing compounds into clinical trials and the concurrent development of powerful synthetic methods. This review covers recent developments in the synthesis of sulfoximines concentrating on developments since 2015. This includes extensive developments in both S−N and S−C bond formations. Flow chemistry processes for sulfoximine synthesis are also covered. Finally, subsequent transformations of sulfoximines, particularly in N-functionalization are reviewed, including N−S, N−P, N−C bond forming processes and cyclization reactions.