组合岩梁弯曲变形和能量演化试验研究

煤系地层沉积界面多,形成多层层状岩体结构,层状岩体结构受弯致震是采矿工程中矿震发生的主要原因,研究界面黏结状态对层状岩体结构的变形和能量演化规律,有助于深入认识层状岩体变形破坏规律及矿震发生机理.本文选取黏结和无黏结2种界面组合形式的双层岩梁试件,采用四点弯曲加载实验方法,以数字图像相关方法作为实验加载全过程的观测手段,开展组合岩梁弯曲变形和能量演化实验研究,对比分析2种界面组合形式岩梁的承载力、层间滑动、能量演化特征,探究层状岩体弯曲致震机理.研究结果表明:(1)无黏结组合岩梁破坏以单个岩梁依次断裂的组合破坏方式进行,承载力曲线表现为双峰值曲线;黏结组合梁破坏以整梁一次断裂的破坏方式进行,承载力曲线表现为单峰值曲线.(2)无黏结组合岩梁层间滑动位移和拉伸位移均随着载荷增加而增大,黏结组合岩梁加载过程中的层间滑动位移和拉伸位移变化较小.(3)无黏结组合岩梁和黏结组合岩梁的能量积聚和释放特征不同,无黏结组合岩梁积聚的变形能较小,以单梁依次破坏方式多次释放能量,黏结组合岩梁积聚的变形能较大,以整梁一次性破坏方式释放能量.     

基于变形修正的局部刚体化动力模型简化方法

提出一种基于变形修正的动力模型简化方法. 以复杂工程结构的有限元模型为基础,根据运动同步性假设将结构分成若干同步性区域. 采用适当的位移模式去逼近位移真值,再通过总体应变能最小来优化,从而得到整体位移与局部位移模式间的转换关系. 算例结果表明了简化方法的有效性.     

平面应变不可压缩橡胶圆柱的大变形

针对一类新的橡胶材料应变能函数,推导了受内压作用下不可压缩橡胶圆柱的大变形公式,给出了位移、应力的解析表达式（用积分形式表示）。建立了适用于分析非线性不可压缩橡胶材料的罚有限元列式,算例表明：位移与应力能很好地与理论解吻合,并提出了控制计算稳定的方法,特别是详细地讨论罚因子的选取及对计算结果的影响。     

Large deformation of incompressible rubber cylinder under plane strain

The large deformation of incompressible rubber cylinder under inner pressure is analyzed by a kind of new rubber materials strain energy function. The theory formulation for the displacement and stress is presented. The penalty finite element formulation is established in order to analyze nonlinear rubber materials, and the results of finite element method agree well with theoretical ones. A new method for controlling the calculating stability and convergence rates is put forward. The selection of the appropriate penalty factor and its influence on calculated results are discussed.     

导弹适配器受压及弹射时摩擦力研究

针对导弹适配器的结构特征,分别建立了可压缩橡胶泡沫和不可压橡胶圆筒轴对称平面应变问题有限变形的平衡方程,基于Blatz-Ko应变能函数和三次缩减多项式应变能函数,得到了相应的位移和应力模式;在此基础上求解了适配器受压问题的非线性方程组和导弹发射时适配器所受到的摩擦力.算例分析与有限元数值模拟比较表明:解析解与数值解非常吻合,径向应力在发射筒内外表面误差最大为0.558%,周向应力在粘合面误差最大为0.246%,导弹发射时的最大量纲为一的摩擦力为1.0228.适配器径向应力在材料粘合交界面上最小,在适配器外表面最大,均为压应力;橡胶泡沫和不可压橡胶的周向应力均为压应力,橡胶泡沫的周向应力由内向外变大,不可压橡胶的周向应力由内向外变小.橡胶泡沫的径向受压大于周向受压,不可压橡胶的周向受压大于径向受压.研究不同过盈量对应力和摩擦力的影响表明:过盈量每增加0.0013,橡胶泡沫 层和不可压橡胶层的径向应力约增加0.13,不可压橡胶层的周向应力约增加2.14,而摩擦力约增加0.22.过盈量对不可压橡胶层的周向应力和导弹所受到的摩擦力影响非常大,对橡胶泡沫的径向应力有一定的影响,周向应力变化很小.     

多孔硅橡胶有限变形的弹性行为

针对孔隙度较大(孔隙度大于50%)的硅橡胶材料在压缩情况下的大变形,提出了可描述此类可压橡胶材料力学行为的应变能密度函数,推导了硅橡胶材料的本构方程.利用硅橡胶材料的单轴压缩实验进行了材料参数拟合,讨论了多孔硅橡胶的孔隙度和体积变形对压缩性能的影响.     

计算梁弯曲变形的一种特殊叠加法

梁的弯曲变形是材料力学的核心内容之一。本文基于梁的弯曲变形理论,以悬臂梁的弯曲变形为基础,给出了一种求解梁弯曲变形的“特殊叠加法”,该方法对于计算简支梁、外伸梁以及变刚度梁的变形问题尤为方便和有效。

     

Minimum Energy Characterizations for the Solution of Saint-Venant's Problem in the Theory of Shells

The linear theory of Cosserat surfaces is employed to study Saint-Venant's problem for cylindrical shells of arbitrary cross-section. We prove minimum energy characterizations for the solution of the relaxed Saint-Venant's problem previously obtained. Then, we determine the global measures of strain appropriate to extension, bending, torsion and flexure for certain classes of solutions to the relaxed problem. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 74K25, 74G05.     

四类变截面悬臂梁在侧向三角形载荷下的挠度1)

研究了圆柱、圆锥、抛物型和双曲型回转变截面悬臂梁在侧向三角形分布载荷下的挠度。基于四类回转悬臂梁的惯性矩沿长度方向的分布规律,得到其任意侧向分布载荷下的挠曲线方程。基于三角形分布载荷下的挠曲线方程,得到其端部挠度值。在等长度和等体积假设下,通过比较端部挠度值找到四类悬臂梁中挠度最小者。研究表明三角形分布载荷下,特征参数在特定范围内,母线为双曲线的悬臂梁挠度最小。     

求解弹性梁的普遍化方法

介绍了一种求解弹性梁的新方法．该方法利用奇异函数与拉普拉斯变换相结合的方法导出弹性梁弯曲变形的普遍表达式，并利用边界条件确定约束力，对具有任意支承形式、受力状况和阶梯形状的静定或超静定梁具有普适性．     

有限弹塑性变形中应变及应变率的分解

本文对有限弹塑性变形中关于应变及应变率的分解问题进行了系统的评述。在讨论各派理论的基础上提出了我们的观点,并从缺陷场论角度研究了不协调塑性场的应变率分解。     

An analytic solution to asymmetrical bending problem of diaphragm coupling

Because rigidity of either hub or rim of diaphragm coupling is much greater than that of the disk, and asymmetrical bending is under the condition of high speed revolution, an assumption is made that each circle in the middle plane before deforma- tion keeps its radius unchanged after deformation, but the plane on which the circle lies has a varying deflecting angle. Based on this assumption, and according to the principle of energy variation, the corresponding Euler＇s equation can be obtained, which has the primary integral. By neglecting some subsidiary factors, an analytic solution is obtained. Applying these formulas to a hyperbolic model of diaphragm, the results show that the octahedral shear stress varies less along either radial or thickness direction, but fluctuates greatly and periodically along circumferential direction. Thus asymmetrical bending significantly affects the material＇s fatigue.     

In General There Are No Unsheared Tetrads

Suppose the principal stretches are all different at a point P in a deformed body. In this case, it has been shown [1] that generally there is an infinity of non coplanar infinitesimal material line elements at P which remain unsheared following the deformation – that is, the angle between the arms of each pair of material line elements forming the triad remains unchanged. Here it is shown that in this case when all three principal stretches at P are different, there is no set of four infinitesimal material line elements, no three of which are coplanar, and such that the angle between each pair of the six pairs of material line elements is unchanged following the deformation. It is only when all three principal stretches at P are equal to each other, that there are unsheared tetrads at P, and in that case all tetrads are unsheared. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanical performance and negative pressure instability for venous walls

Mechanical properties, such as the deformation and stress distributions for venous walls under the combined load of transmural pressure and axial stretch, are examined within the framework of nonlinear elasticity with one kind of hyper-elastic strain energy functions. The negative pressure instability problem of the venous wall is explained through energy comparison. First, the deformation equation of the venous wall under the combined loads is obtained with a thin-walled circular cylindrical tube. The deformation curves and the stress distributions for the venous wall are given under the normal transmural pressure, and the regulations are discussed. Then, the deformation curves of the venous wall under the negative transmural pressure or the internal pressure less than the external pressure are given. Finally, the negative pressure instability problem is discussed through energy comparison.     

化学腐蚀后砂岩三轴压缩力学特性及其能量机制的试验研究

为研究不同化学溶液对砂岩力学性质及能量特征的影响,采用不同的水化学溶液对砂岩试样进行腐蚀,利用WDT-1500多功能材料试验机对化学腐蚀后饱和状态与自然状态的试样进行常规三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明:化学腐蚀后砂岩试样的强度及其抗变形能力呈现不同程度的劣化;化学腐蚀后砂岩试样的峰值应变小于相同围压下自然状态试样的峰值应变,与单轴压缩条件下不同,这可能是由于围压和化学溶液共同作用的结果;砂岩试样的似软化系数与围压之间呈现负相关性,同时,其降低速率随着围压的增加而降低。砂岩试样峰值前吸收的能量绝大部分是以可释放弹性应变能Ue形式储存下来的,而化学腐蚀后砂岩试样以Ue形式储存下来的能量占其总吸收应变能的百分比却有所下降;同时,围压与试样的可释放应变能/应变能比值之间呈负相关性,而与耗散能/应变能比值存在正相关性;岩石脆性指标修正值呈现不同程度的增加,试样的脆性减弱延性增强,即塑性变形增加,塑性变形与耗散能之间具有很好的线性特征。溶液的pH值、浓度和化学成分对砂岩试样峰值处各部分应变能的影响显著。     

DEFLECTION OF FOUR TYPES OF CANTILEVER BEAMS WITH VARIABLE CROSS SECTION UNDER LATERAL TRIANGULAR DISTRIBUTED LOADS1)

研究了圆柱、圆锥、抛物型和双曲型回转变截面悬臂梁在侧向三角形分布载荷下的挠度。基于四类回转悬臂梁的惯性矩沿长度方向的分布规律,得到其任意侧向分布载荷下的挠曲线方程。基于三角形分布载荷下的挠曲线方程,得到其端部挠度值。在等长度和等体积假设下,通过比较端部挠度值找到四类悬臂梁中挠度最小者。研究表明三角形分布载荷下,特征参数在特定范围内,母线为双曲线的悬臂梁挠度最小。     

一种计入横向剪切变形的各向异性板弯曲分析新方法

本文提出一种各向异性板弯曲分析新方法,既考虑了横向剪切变形影响,又具有经典理论的简明性,易被工程人员接受。算例表明,本文方法分析精度较高。     

Applications of the extrapolation method to the numerical solution of singular perturbation problems

In this paper we consider applications of extrapolation method to the numerical solution of singular perturbation problem for elliptic—parabolic equation in order to manifesting accuracy of approximations and estimate the order of accuracy. Concerning the uniform convergence in ref. [1], its proof is given in the appendix.     

Rate dependent critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone

Critical strain energy density of rock can be defined as a fundamental parameter in rock fracture mechanics, an intrinsic material property related to resistance to crack initiation and propagation. By means of the three-point bending experiments, the critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone was measured over a wide range of loading rates from 8.97 × 10⁻⁴ MPam^1/2 s⁻¹ to 1.545 MPam^1/2 s⁻¹. According to the approximate relationship between static and dynamic critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone, relationship between the growth velocity of crack and magnitude of load is obtained. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) when the loading rate is higher than 0.0279 MPam^1/2 s⁻¹, the critical strain energy density factor of rock increased markedly with increasing loading rate. However, when loading rate is lower than 0.0279 MPam^1/2 s⁻¹, the critical strain energy density factor slightly increased with an increase in loading rate. It is found from experimental results that the critical strain energy density factor is linear proportional to the exponential expression of loading rate, (2) for Huanglong limestone, when the growth velocity of crack is lower than 100 m/s, value of the maximum load was nearly a constant. However, when the growth velocity of crack is higher than 1000 m/s, value of the maximum load dramatically increases with increasing the crack growth velocity, and (3) the critical SED of Huanglong limestone is higher as the loading rate is higher.