磷对预硫化型NiMo/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮性能的影响

利用等体积浸渍法制备了不同磷含量的预硫化型NiMo/Al2O3催化剂,并利用XRD、BET、TPR和HRTEM等分析方法对其进行了表征,研究了磷对其加氢脱硫脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,由于预硫化型NiMo加氢催化剂上活性组分和载体的相互作用较弱,MoS2或Ni-Mo-S相主要以TypeⅡ形式存在,磷通过增加MoS2的堆积...     

MoNiP/Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂的研究:金属分散状态对催化剂活性的影响

采用ＰＡＳＣ Ａ，ＸＰＳ，ＳＴＥＭ和微型反应色谱等技术，研究了一系列ＭｏＮｉＰ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂表面活性组分的分散状态及其对催化剂ＨＤＮ反应活性的影响。     

NiW/Al_2O_3催化剂酸性与加氢活性的调变及对重油加氢脱氮性能的影响

以Ni、W为催化剂的活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了NiW/Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂,考察了Al2O3载体表面经硼酸修饰后对催化剂酸性的影响,以及活性金属与柠檬酸络合后对催化剂加氢反应性能的影响。NH3-TPD、HRTEM、H2-TPR、XPS等表征结果表明,Al2O3载体表面硼酸修饰增加了催化剂表面的中强酸量,减少了强酸量,且削弱了金属与载体之间的强相互作用,但活性中心数目减少。金属与柠檬酸络合可以减小活性相晶粒长度、提高活性相分散性及硫化程度。催化剂的反应评价结果表明,硼酸修饰与柠檬酸络合共同作用可以增强催化剂的重油加氢处理能力,促进芳环与胶质的加氢饱和;具有适宜的氢解与加氢活性,兼顾碱性氮与非碱性氮的脱除,体现了催化剂良好的重油加氢脱氮性能。     

WSx/γ-Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂上的活性氢脱附

以程序升温硫化（ＴＰＳ）和硫化态催化剂的原位ＴＰＤ技术表征了γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上分别以１２－钨硅酸（ＳｉＷ１２）和偏钨酸铵为前身物所得两系列催化剂的硫行为和表面活性氢活性脱附特性，结果表明：以ＳｉＷ１２为前身物时，由于钨物种以单一的八面体配位形态存在，相应催化剂的硫化温度明显降低，深度硫化温度范围显著变窄，同时，当催化剂中钨含量较小时，相应硫化态催化剂上活性氢的脱附量与以偏钨酸铵为前身物的催化剂相     

助剂镍/钴对磷化钨催化剂加氢精制性能的影响

在共浸渍法制备磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂基础上，分别加人1％、3％、5％、7％和9％(占活性组分比例)的助剂镍或钴，制得负载30％含助剂镍／钴磷化钨／γ-Al2O3系列催化剂，考察了助剂及其加人比例对催化剂加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能的影响．结果表明，加人适当比例的助剂镍或钴，有利于提高磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性，当助剂含量分别为5％镍或7％钴时，催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫率最高；助剂镍对磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱氮反应不利，而加人适当比例助剂钴有利于提高催化剂加氢脱氮活性，当助剂钴含量为5％时，催化剂吡啶加氢脱氮率最高．温度对磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢精制性能有一定影响，高温有利于加氢脱硫反应，低温有利于加氢脱氮反应．     

再生处理过程对NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3工业催化剂结构及加氢性能的影响

ＮｉＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３是石油加工过程中广泛采用的加氢催化剂，有关这类催化剂的制备、结构、催化机理等都进行过深入的研究［１，９，１０］．近年来，由于环境保护的要求日益严格，失活催化剂的处理已成为突出的问题，因此失活的加氢催化剂的再生利用已引起了工业界...     

螯合剂对Co-Mo/Al_2O_3成型加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

以拟薄水铝石为原料,添加有机溶剂,经挤条成型、干煅、焙烧制备了比表面积大、孔分布宽的柱状γ-Al2O3载体;采用共浸渍法制备了系列Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂(CoO和MoO3质量分数分别为2%和8%)。利用低温氮吸附、XRD和H2-TPR技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了螯合剂柠檬酸(CA)、草酸(OA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对成型催化剂粗苯加氢脱硫活性的影响。结果表明,添加螯合剂后,催化剂的前驱体主要沉积在载体的3~10 nm中孔内,活性组分以无定形态高度分散在载体上。添加CA可提高催化剂的还原性,显著降低Mo6+的还原温度。在300℃、3.0 MPa、液体空速(LHSV)为2 h-1和氢油体积比为600的条件下,噻吩硫的脱除率可达到99.9%以上。     

不同磷含量对NiMoP/Al_2O_3加氢处理催化剂的影响

采用NiMoP浸渍液浸渍载体γ-Al2O3制备了不同磷含量的NiMoP/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂.为了研究磷对该系列催化剂活性相结构的影响,用二苯并噻吩(DBT)和喹啉为模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)性能.结果表明,添加适当的磷能够提高催化剂的HDS和HDN活性,但是高含量的磷能显著的降低催化剂的催化性能.通过对催化剂进行XRD和HRTEM表征发现,添加磷能够增加MoS2的堆积层数以及Ⅱ型"Ni-Mo-S"相的相对含量,这是因为在制备过程中添加磷降低了活性组分与载体之间的相互作用.     

Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫、脱氮性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征.催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)和脱氮(HDN)活性评价在实验室固定床连续反应装置上,以噻吩和吡啶为模型反应物进行.考察了不同载体、Ni2P负载量、标称Ni/P摩尔比、催化剂焙烧温度对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上同时进行的噻吩加氢脱硫和吡啶加氢脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,TiO2含量为80%(w)的TiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物为载体,Ni2P负载量为30.0%(w),标称Ni/P摩尔比为1/2,催化剂焙烧温度为500℃时,Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性最高.在360℃,3.0MPa,氢油比800(V/V),液时体积空速1.5h-1的条件下,噻吩HDS和吡啶HDN转化率分别为61.32%和64.43%.     

Co-Mo/TiO2和Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

本文考察了ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２和ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的加氢脱硫性能及表面结构变化和处理条件对其活性的影响，担体ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）和ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）分别采用ＴｉＯＳＯ４水解法制备，结果表明，催化剂的活性顺序为ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，催化剂的预处理条件对催化剂的加氢脱硫和加氢活性有很大影响，ＴｉＯ２担体上Ｍｏ物种主要以八面体配位构型存在，Ｍｏ＾－     

低温下Pt/Al_2O_3和Pd/Al_2O_3光辅助乙二醇水相重整制氢研究

采用浸渍还原法制备了氧化铝负载的Pt和Pd纳米颗粒催化剂,用于光辅助乙二醇水相重整制氢反应。结果表明,光照能够有效降低乙二醇水相重整制氢的活化能,Pt/Al_2O_3比Pd/Al_2O_3具有更高的H_2转换频率(TOF)和更低的CO选择性。采用XRD、TEM、UV-vis等技术对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征,原位漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)表明,光照能促进乙二醇分子O-H键的断裂。理论计算表明,Pt/Al_2O_3催化乙二醇重整制氢反应产物中较低的CO选择性主要归因于CO在Pt表面较小的反应能垒,能够较快与H_2O解离的O反应生成CO_2。     

P改性对Mo-Ni/Al2O3煤焦油加氢脱氮性能的影响

在磷含量1.34%下,采用分步浸渍法按磷添加顺序不同制备了3种改性催化剂:MoP-Ni/Al₂O₃、Mo-NiP/Al₂O₃、Mo-Ni/PAl₂O₃.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、氮气吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.以新疆中低温煤焦油为原料,考察了不同磷改性方式对催化剂加氢脱氮(HDN)性能的影响.结果表明,适宜的磷添加方式能够改变催化剂的酸性分布,提高10~13 nm加氢脱氮有效孔的比例,并且减弱活性组分与载体的相互作用,同时使得活性组分更易被还原,进而提高催化剂加氢脱氮性能.加氢脱氮活性顺序为Mo-Ni/PAl₂O₃(74.36%)>Mo-NiP/Al₂O₃(72.74%)>Mo-Ni/Al₂O₃(71.72%)>MoP-Ni/Al₂O₃(56.13%).     

Influence of the activation temperature on structural and textural properties of NiMo/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization catalysts

Investigations of a commercial NiMo/Al₂O₃ hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst are directed towards optimization of the activation procedure of HDS catalyst concerning active phase formation and thermal stability. Structural and textural data obtained with XRD, IR-FTIR, XPS and LTNA reveal that the optimal temperature for the formation of active species on the catalyst surface and an appropriate pore structure is 300°C.     

Regeneration of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts used for tetrachloroethylene hydrodechlorination

The deactivation of the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst used for the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloroethylene (TTCE) is caused by both the carbonaceous deposits and by the hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction. In this work, several regeneration procedures have been tested, concluding that the best procedure is the leaching with ammonia, followed by calcinations and reduction. This procedure leads to an important recovery of the initial activity. The catalyst regenerated with this treatment is even less prone to deactivation that the fresh catalyst.     

Weakening internal diffusion effect in selective hydrodesulfurization of FCC gasoline by novel designed eggshell CoMoS/Al2O3 catalysts

A simple method for preparation of presulfided eggshell CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with sharp boundary is developed, through which the eggshell thicknesses of Co and Mo could be easily regulated by controlling the impregnation time. According to the results characterized by EDS, XRD, HRTEM and FT-IR of adsorbed CO, the active component structures, the nature and/or the amount of active sites on the eggshell catalyst are similar to these on the uniform catalyst. The evaluation results of the catalytic performance in selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of FCC gasoline show the presence of significant internal diffusion inhibition effect on HDS of S-compounds especially in the uniform catalyst. Compared with uniform catalyst, the eggshell catalyst could remarkably reduce such an internal diffusion inhibition effect due to a shortened diffusion path of the reactants, thus showing higher HDS activity and selectivity.     

氧化铝载体硫酸化对锰铈催化剂SCR脱硝性能的影响

分别以硫酸改性前后的氧化铝为载体,采用浸渍法制备了锰铈催化剂,对其NH_3-SCR脱硝性能进行评价,并采用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、H_2-TPR以及FT-IR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,改性降低了金属的分散性和氧化性,增加了酸量,特别是B酸量;催化剂的最佳脱硝温度窗口向高温扩展,活性温度窗口范围变宽,并且,改性液浓度越大变化幅度越大。当反应温度在200-250℃时,未改性催化剂与采用0.2 mol/L硫酸改性的催化剂具有接近的催化活性,但改性后的催化剂具有更高的抗水抗硫活性,250℃时脱硝率可达70%。     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on CO2 reforming of methane over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

The effect of electron beam irradiation on the CO₂ reforming of methane over Ni/Al₂O₃ was investigated. The conversion rate of CO₂ and CH₄ forming H₂ and CO using various catalysts irradiated with an absorbed dose greater than 2 MGy was 5–10% higher than when using an untreated catalyst. The Ni/O ratio on the catalyst surface increased after treatment with an electron beam, and was more prominent for catalysts with a higher Ni content. As such, based on XRD and XPS measurements, electron beam treatment was found to result in either the desorption of oxygen from NiO or the removal of OH groups from the outermost surface layer of the catalyst. In addition, the concentration of active sites, such as Ni²⁺ and NiO, or surface defects was also found to increase with the absorbed radiation dose, thereby increasing the conversion rate.     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Ru/Al2O3 catalysts

Fischer-Tropsch syntheses (FTS) were carried out in a slurry phase over Ru/Al₂O₃ catalysts using hexadecane as a solvent. The outcome of the FTS was dependent on the oxide support, calcination temperature, synthesis gas composition and sulfur content. The addition of Mn/Na to Ru/Al₂O₃ was effective in raising the initial activity and C5+ selectivity, but after 20 hours, the performance of the modified catalyst was similar to that of the unmodified catalyst. An additional investigation involving the use of fresh vs used catalysts demonstrated that an agglomeration of the metallic Ru, at least in part, does occur during the reaction.